The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India that involved many disgruntled groups. It was sparked by both long-standing political, economic, social and religious grievances as well as more immediate triggers. Key causes included the annexation of states, the doctrine of lapse, high taxation, loss of jobs and status for Indians, introduction of new firearms, and activities of Christian missionaries. The revolt began with mutiny by sepoys in Meerut and spread to Delhi and other regions, but lacked strong centralized leadership and coordination. It was eventually suppressed by the British through superior weapons and communication, though it highlighted weaknesses in colonial control and had important impacts like transferring power to the British government.

1. 1857 REVOLT
DR.R.LATHA
ASSISTANTPROFESSOR
DEPARTMENTOFHISTORY
E.M.G.YADAVAWOMEN’SCOLLEGE,MZADURAI

2. WELCOME

3. The Revolt of 1857 was a major upheaval against the British Rule in which the
disgruntled princes, to disconnected sepoys and disillusioned elements participated.
However, it is important to note that right from the inception of the East India Company
there had been resistance from divergent section in different parts of the sub continent.
There are many causes for the outbreak of the revolt

4. POLITICAL CAUSES
• Conquests Lord Dalhousie annexed the Punjab , Oudh
• Doctrine of Lapse -Satara, Jaipur, Sambhalpur, Bhagat. Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur
• Humiliation of the Mughals Bahadur Shah II

5. ECONOMIC CAUSES
• The ruination of indigenous industries resulted in large scale un employment in the country.
 Due to the annexation policy of Dalhousie many of the Indians lost their posts and dissolved the
native army thousand of the people lost livelihood.
 The higher starta, land oweners Talukdars and jagirdas and soldiers increase the ranks of the
unemployment.
 Land revenue settlement, assessment and collections in the north nroke the back of the villagers. The
general taxation was increasing by leaps and bounds

6. ADMINISTRATIVE CAUSES
• The English officials were not accessible to the people.
• The British were of the opinion that the Indians were not suitable for the higher posts in their
administrative structure.
• The judicial system of the british in India was mechanical, costly and time consuming.

7. SOCIAL CAUSES:
• The British disrespected the native in public places
• Indian women were dishonored.
• Social legislation introduced by the british disturbed the orthodox people.

8. WESTERNIZATION OF SOCIETY
The rapid introduction of western education was viewed with disfavor by the suspicion ridden
population. The new education system was interpreted as yet another istance of Britsh
antagonism towards indigenous education

9. RELIGIOUS CAUSES
• The role of Missionaries was the conversion of Indians to Christianity. The missionaries spread their
activities to the nook and corner of the country. The Religious Disabilities Act of 1856 facilitated the
conversion of Hindus to Christianity. They were forced to convert their religion. Indians were fear and
suspicion about the British.

10. MILITARY CAUSES:
• The native officers lost their power , position and importance
• They were dissatisfied with their low pay , poor prospects of promotion and unpleasant service
condition.
• ill treated by the british officers
• Hindus and muslims forced to wear cross.

11. IMMEDIATE CAUSES
• The introduction of the new Enfield Rifles

12. COURSE OF THE REBELLION
• On 29th March, at Behrampur 34th Native Infantry sepoys, Mangal Pandey fired at Lieutenant
Baugh
• The First major outbreak in Meerut10th May1857
• On I2 May, the sepoys captured the city of Delhi
• Bahadur Shah II was proclaimed as the emperor of India
• the revolt spread to Lucknow, Kanpur, Agra, Jhansi, Central India, Bihar, Orissa, and many other
places.

13. • In September 1857, Delhi was recaptured by the British. Emperor Bahadur Shah II was arrested
and exiled to Mandalay, Burma,
• The British ended the Mughal dynasty from the Indian scenario.
• In March 1858, British forces captured Lucknow
• Campbell occupied Kanpur on 6"'December 1857
• Sir Hugh Rose occupied Jhansi
• British recaptured Gwalior in June 1858
• Tantia Tope was captured and put to death
• Nana Sahib fled to Nepal

14. • In Rohilkand, the revolt began at Bareilly in May 1857
• Muhammad Hasan Khan
• Rana Beni Madho Singh
• Gajadar Singh of Gorakhpur
• the Begum, Hazrat Mahal

15. • The ministers of Gwalior, Hyderabad and Nepal also rendered their support to the British. Thus, the
first major attempt on the part of the Indians to overthrow the British power could not succeed.

16. CAUSES OF THE FAILURE OF THE REVOLT
• The Revolt of 1857 was localized and poorly organized.
• lack of communication facilities,
• The armies of the Bombay and Madras presidencies remained loyal to the British.
• Lack of Leadership
• The revolt did not attract common people.
• The ruling princes did not support the sepoys
• the British soldiers were equipped with latest weapons and used the telegraph and
railways to their advantages.

17. RESULT OF THE 1857 REVOLT
• The rebellion of 1857 is a significant landmark in the history of the freedom struggle in India
 Transfer of power from the East India Company to the British
 The Queen Victoria’s procalamation was announced
 The policy of the British dominion annexing the princely state was given up
 The crown promised to honour all the treaties and agreements made by the company with the rulers
of Indian states
 The Control of the secretary of State for India over the viceroy was greater than control of the Board
of control

18.  Radical changes in the army. The king’s forces and the company forces were merged together
 Freedom of Religion was promised and equal treatment of Indians was assured
 High courts were established in presidency Head Quarters.
 The muslim culture and progress suffered a sharp set back
 The Post Rebellion British Policies harmed the interst of Indians
 The british realized the vulnerability and impermanence of the colonial rule in India
 Though defeated the hindus and muslim were waiting on their wings to turn against the british
masters

19. Thank You