The document describes 10 experiments conducted using LabVIEW: 1) Introduction to LabVIEW and its basic functions. 2) Performing basic arithmetic operations using LabVIEW. 3) Performing Boolean operations using LabVIEW. 4) Finding the sum of 'n' numbers using a FOR loop. 5) Designing and verifying an ASK modulator and demodulator. 6) Designing and verifying an FSK modulator and demodulator. 7) Designing and verifying an FM modulator and demodulator. 8) Performing convolution of two signals. 9) Designing and verifying a PSK transceiver. 10) Designing

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Wireless & mobile communication LAB
(MTEC-119A)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INDEX

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Sr. No. Experiment Page No. Remarks
1 Introduction to NI- Lab VIEW and
familiarization with its basic functions.
2 To perform basic arithmetic
operations using lab VIEW.
3 To perform Booleanoperations using
Lab view.
4 To find the sum of ‘n’ numbers using
FOR loop.
5 Design and verify the ASK modulator
and demodulator.
6 Design and verify the FM modulator
and demodulator
7 Design and verify the FM modulator
and demodulator
8 To perform convolution of two signals.
9 Designand verify the PSK
Transceiver.
10 Designand verify the QAM
Transceiver.
Experiment No: 1

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Aim: Introduction to NI- Lab VIEW and familiarization with its basic
functions.
Theory:
Lab VIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a graphical programming
environment which has become prevalent throughout research labs, academia and industry. It is a
powerful and versatile analysis and instrumentation software system for measurement and
automation. Its graphical programming language called G programming is performed using a
graphical block diagram that compiles into machine code and eliminates a lot of the syntactical
details. Lab VIEW offers more flexibility than standard laboratory instruments because it is
software based. Using Lab VIEW, the user can originate exactly the type of virtual instrument
needed and programmers can easily view and modify data or control inputs. The popularity of the
National Instruments Lab VIEW graphical dataflow software for beginners and experienced
programmers in so many different engineering applications and industries can be attributed to the
software’s intuitive graphical programming language used for automating measurement and
control systems.
Lab VIEW programs are called virtual instruments (VIs), because their appearance and operation
imitate physical instruments like oscilloscopes. Lab VIEW is designed to facilitate data collection
and analysis, as well as offers numerous display options. With data collection, analysis and
display combined in a flexible programming environment, the desktop computer functions as a
dedicated measurement device. Lab VIEW contains a comprehensive set of VIs and functions for
acquiring, analyzing, displaying, and storing data, as well as tools to help you troubleshoot your
code.
Lab VIEW can communicate with hardware such as data acquisition, vision, and motion control
devices, and GPIB, PXI, VXI, RS-232, and RS-485 devices. Lab VIEW also has built-in features
for connecting your application to the Web using the Lab VIEW Web Server and software
standards such as TCP/IP networking and ActiveX. Using Lab VIEW, you can create test and
measurement, data acquisitions, instrument control, data logging, measurement analysis, and
report generation applications. You also can create stand-alone executables and shared libraries,
like DLLs, because Lab VIEW is a true 32-bit compiler and the code diagram performs the work
of the VI. Multiple VIs can be used to create large-scale applications, in fact, large scale
applications may have several hundred VIs. A VI may be used as the user interface or as a
subroutine in an application. User interface elements such as graphs are dragand-drop easy in
LabVIEW.
KEY CONCEPTS:

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1) BLOCK DIAGRAM: Pictorial description or representation of a program or algorithm. In G,
the block diagram, which consists of executable icons called nodes and wires that carry data
between the nodes, is the source code for the VI. The block diagram resides in the diagram
window of the VI.
2) CONDITIONAL TERMINAL: The terminal of a While Loop that contains a Boolean value
that determines whether the VI performs iteration .
3) CONTROL: Front panel object for entering data to a VI interactively or to a sub VI
programmatically, such as a knob, push button, or dial.
4) CONTROL TERMINAL: Terminal linked to a control on the front panel, through which input
data from the front panel passes to the block diagram.
5) FRONT PANEL: Interactive user interface of a VI. Front panel appearance imitates
physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and multimeters.
6) FUNCTION: Built-in execution element, comparable to an operator, function, or statement in
a text based programming language.
7) G: Graphical programming language used in Lab VIEW and Bridge VIEW.
8) INDICATOR: Front panel object that displays output, such as a graph or LED.
9) INDICATOR TERMINAL: Terminal linked to an indicator on the front panel, through which
data from the block diagram passes to the front panel to be displayed by the indicator.
10) ITERATION TERMINAL: The terminal of a For Loop or While Loop that contains the
current number of completed iterations.
11) LABVIEW: Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. Lab VIEW is a
graphical programming language that uses icons instead of lines of text to create programs
12) STRUCTURE: Program control element, such as a Sequence Structure, Case structure, For
Loop, or While Loop.
13) SUBDIAGRAM: Block diagram within the border of a structure.
14) SUBVI: VI used in the block diagram of another VI; comparable to a subroutine.
15) WHILE LOOP: Loop structure that repeats a section of code until a condition is met. It is
comparable to a Do loop or a Repeat-Until loop in conventional programming languages.
16) WIRE: Data path between nodes.
Experiment No: 2

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Aim: To perform basic arithmetic operations using lab VIEW.
Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Lab view and select the blank VI.
Step2: Create front and block diagram panel.
Step3: Numeric controls are given as inputs and numeric indicators are given as output they are
selected by right clicking on the front panel.
Step4: Different arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
are generated in block diagram panel.
Step5: Using wiring operation inputs and outputs are connected to the respective operators in
the block diagram panel.
Step6: Input values are given in the front panel and the program is executed. Hence the output
is generated.
Block DiagramPanel:
Front Panel:

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RESULT:
Thus the Arithmetic operation using LABVIEW is performed.
Experiment No: 3

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Aim: To perform Booleanoperations using Lab view.
Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Lab view and select the blank VI.
Step2: Create front and block diagram panel.
Step3: To perform Boolean operation push buttons are taken as inputs and round LED as output.
Step4: Different Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND are selected from the
block diagram panel.
Step5: Boolean inputs and outputs are wired in the block diagram panel.
Step6: Logic values 0 & 1 are given in the front panel and the program is executed
Block DiagramPanel:
Front Panel:

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Truth Table:

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AND:
OR:
XOR:

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NAND:
NOT:
RESULT:
Thus the Boolean operation using LABVIEW is performed.
Experiment No: 4

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Aim: To find the sum of ‘n’ numbers using FOR loop.
Algorithm:
Step1: Create blank VI.
Step2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select program,goto structures and select a FOR
loop.
Step3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are
converted into shift register.
Step4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Block DiagramPanel
Front Panel :

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Result:
Thus the sum of‘n’natural numbers using FOR loop is performed in lab VIEW
Experiment No: 5

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Aim: Designand verify the ASK modulator and demodulator.
Algorithm:
Step1: Create blank VI.
Step2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select program, go to structures and select a FOR
loop.
Step3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register; borders are
converted into shift register and then click on create constant.
Step4: select numeric block then click on random sequence generator. then click on
comparision and on > or = .connect it with wires.
Step 5: click on create constant and take threshold value 0.5.
Step 6: then take a second block click on comparision.
Step 7: Then connect the output block with select block .afte that take a constant and give it
value 1 then a lot value 0.
Step 8: Repeat step 7
Step 9: Click on signal processing then waveform signal generator and then signal duration.
Step 10: Finally the graph of output is shown.
Block DiagramPanel
Front Panel:

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Result:
Hence the ASK modulator and demodulator is design and verify in the lab VIEW.
Experiment No: 6

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Aim: Designand verify the FSK modulator and demodulator.
Algorithm:
Step1: Create blank VI.
Step2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select program, go to structures and select a FOR
loop.
Step3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register; borders are
converted into shift register and then click on create constant.
Step4: select numeric block then click on random sequence generator. then click on
comparision and on > or = .connect it with wires.
Step 5: click on create constant and take threshold value 0.5.
Step 6: then take a second block click on comparision.
Step 7: Then connect the output block with select block .afte that take a constant and give it
value 1 then a lot value 0.
Step 8: Repeat step 7
Step 9: Click on signal processing then waveform signal generator and then signal duration.
Step 10: Take Square wave and connect to digital data.
Step 11: Finally the graph of output is shown.
Block DiagramPanel:
FrontPanel:

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Result:
Hence the FSK modulator and demodulator is design and verify in the lab VIEW.
Experiment No: 7
Aim: Designand verify the FM modulator and demodulator.

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Algorithm:
Step1: Create blank VI.
Step2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select signal processing, goto wave form signal
generator.
Step3: Take three waveform generator. Then select the second wave form generator and
change the value of frequency is100 & amplitude is 4 and take sample 1 lakhs.
Step 4: Similarly repeat step 3 for remaining two waveform generators.
Step 5: take sine wave and cosine wave in block panel, now take two multiplier block and
connect them.
Step6: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 7: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Step 8: Finally the graph of output is shown.
Block DiagramPanel:

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Front Panel:
Result:
Hence the FM modulator and demodulator is design and verify in the lab VIEW.
EXPERIMENT NO: 8

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Aim: To perform convolution of two signals.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Create a blank VI.
Step 2: Create two inputs and waveform graph.
Step 3: Apply FFT for the two inputs and give it to multiplier.
Step 4: In the receiver end IFFT is performed and the convolved output is displayed in the
waveform graph.
Block diagram:
Front panel:

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Result:
Hence the convolution is performed in lab VIEW.

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EXPERIMENT NO: 9
Aim: Design and verify the PSK Transceiver.
Theory:
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by
changing (modulating) the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). The
modulation is impressed by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precisetime. It is
widely used for wireless LANs,RFID and Bluetooth communication.
Any digital modulation scheme uses a finite number of distinct signals to represent
digital data. PSK uses a finite number of phases; each assigned a unique pattern
of binary digits. Usually, each phase encodes an equal number of bits. Each pattern
of bits forms the symbol that is represented by the particular phase.
The demodulator, which is designed specifically for the symbol-set used by the
modulator, determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to the
symbol it represents, thus recovering the original data. This requires the receiver to
be able to compare the phase of the received signal to a reference signal — such a
system is termed coherent (and referred to as CPSK).
Alternatively, instead of operating with respect to a constant reference wave, the
broadcast can operate with respect to itself. Changes in phase of a single broadcast
waveform can be considered the significant items. In this system, the demodulator
determines the changes in the phase of the received signal rather than the phase
(relative to a reference wave) itself. Since this scheme depends on the difference
between successive phases, it is termed differential phase-shift keying (DPSK).
DPSK can be significantly simpler to implement than ordinary PSK, since there is
no need for the demodulator to have a copy of the reference signal to determine the
exact phase of the received signal (it is a non-coherent scheme). In exchange, it
produces more erroneous demodulation.

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Block Diagram:

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Front Panel:
Result:The PSK transceiver has been studied.

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EXPERIMENT NO: 10
Aim:Design and verify the QAM Transceiver.
Theory:
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is both an analog and digital
modulation scheme. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit
streams, by changing (modulating) the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using
the amplitude-shift keying(ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude
modulation (AM) modulation scheme.
The modulator and demodulator are used to encode the signal, often data, onto the
radio frequency carrier that is to be transmitted. Then the demodulator is used at
the remote end to extract the signal from the RF carrier so that it can used at the
remote end. As quadrature amplitude modulation is a complex signal, specialised
QAM modulators and demodulators are required.
QAM modulator basics: The QAM modulator essentially follows the idea that can
be seen from the basic QAM theory where there are two carrier signals with a
phase shift of 90° between them. These are then amplitude modulated with the two
data streams known as the I or In-phase and the Q or quadrature data streams.
These are generated in the baseband processing area. The two resultant signals are
summed and then processed as required in the RF signal chain, typically
converting them in frequency to the required final frequency and amplifying them
as required. The QAM demodulator is very much the reverse of the QAM
modulator. The signals enter the system, they are split and each side is applied to a
mixer. One half has the in-phase local oscillator applied and the other half has the
quadrature oscillator signal applied. The basic modulator assumes that the two
quadrature signals remain exactly in quadrature. A further requirement is to derive
a local oscillator signal for the demodulation that is exactly on the required
frequency for the signal. Any frequency offset will be a change in the phase of the
local oscillator signal with respect to the two double sideband suppressed carrier
constituents of the overall signal.

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Block Diagram:

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Front Panel:
Result:The QAM transceiver has been studied.