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WIRE-LAN TESTING OF WIRELESS NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS
July.15, 2002 WIRELESS NETWORK SIMULATION: GENERAL DYNAMICS C4 Systems
NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONCEPT
EMULATE DIGITAL RADIO TRANSMISSION Station 1 Station 2 Wire Transmission(s) probe Data/ Voice/ Video Packet
[object Object],[object Object],Mountain SIMULATE RADIO PROPAGATION (TRANSMIT) This Node B B
802.11 DCF EMULATION
SEGMENT FRAMES, EMULATE RADIO TRANSMIT SPEED Data/ Voice/ Video Packet, Analog Xmssn Start/Change Stop/Change EMULATION  TYPE 1: 2: 3: 4: Probe Trailer Interframe gap computed to have last bit of the trailer coincide with the last bit of the emulated packet. Where data is unimportant, e.g. background traffic, can send  minimum-sized trailer to save bandwidth. Other emissions (jamming, co-site, infared, optical)  non-realtime simulation
SIMULATE COLLISIONS  Real Time Transmit Part I Receive Part I Detect Collision   Transmit Part I Receive Part I Receive Part II Transmit Part II Detect Collision Station I Station II ONLY ONE STATION COMPLETELY SENDS RADIO FRAME
CONSISTENT, DISTRIBUTED EMULATION  For multiple active probes, consistency rule guarantees all receivers choose the same random seed. RANDOM SEED probe
RANDOM SEED BRINGS FAIRNESS BACK TO COLLISION MODEL Probe Trailer Receiver Timeline Time Of First Received Bit. Random Seed Sets Virtual Receive Time Within These Limits.
DEMONSTRATION
WIRELESS NETWORK SIMULATION: DEMONSTRATION LAN 10 Base T Linux 2.2.15 Uses Ordinary PC Components + Software +  Modified Driver For 3 Com Ethernet III Card i586 i586 i586 i686 i686 i686 i686 i686 Two Drops Required For Identical Receive Ordering
APPROXIMATE WIRELESS LAN THROUGHPUT
SATURATION THROUGHPUT 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 Offered Traffic, Kbit/s Throughput, Kbit/s Tests, Five PCs Bianchi, Five Stations Tests, Seven PCs Bianchi, Seven Stations Five PCs Seven PCs Emulation Parameters Data Length 1024 octets MAC header 34 octets Channel Bit Rate 1 Mbit/s SIFS 28   s Slot Time 50   s ACK length 30 octets PHY header 16 octets Propagation delay 1   s DIFS 130   s Five PCs Seven PCs 610 623 721 714 812 812 906 912 1032 1026 10 9.8 10 9.8 max, avg frames delivered (1,000) 10 9.8 10 9.8 10 9.5 5.3 4.9 6.7 6.5 8.6 7.6 10 9.3 10 8.7 1.23 1.22 1.3 1.27 max avg 1.23 1.23 1.32 1.31 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.30 Five PCs Seven PCs Average Number Attempts Per Frame  (Bianchi - 1.22, five stations)
Five PCs Seven PCs Bianchi - 1.22, five stations AVERAGE ATTEMPTS PER FRAME 812 812 906 912 1032 1026 Offered Traffic (Kbit/s) 1.23 1.22 1.3 1.27 max avg 1.23 1.23 1.32 1.31 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.30
VARY CONTENTION WINDOW (SATURATION)
EXISTING APPROACHES
PACKET KILLER (CMU MONARCH PROJECT, …) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HOWEVER: Measured saturation throughput for 2 to 24 stations on Ethernet exceeds 95 % utilization for 1024 octet packets. (Boggs, Mogul, Kent, ACM SIGCOMM ‘88).  Bianchi demonstrates 80% saturation throughput for CSMA/CA with 5 stations.
STORM Federation (HLA) Propagator Simulate Radio Propagation Simulate Nodal Positions Simulate Nodal Positions (1) (1) ,[object Object],Simulate Radio Propagation Simulate Nodal Positions Simulate Nodal Positions ,[object Object],[object Object],(1) (2)
DIS Transmission Characteristic Packet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(1) (2) Simulate Nodal Positions Simulate Nodal Positions
COMPARISON (FOR REAL-TIME EMULATION)

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Wire Lan Testing

  • 1. WIRE-LAN TESTING OF WIRELESS NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS
  • 2. July.15, 2002 WIRELESS NETWORK SIMULATION: GENERAL DYNAMICS C4 Systems
  • 3.
  • 5. EMULATE DIGITAL RADIO TRANSMISSION Station 1 Station 2 Wire Transmission(s) probe Data/ Voice/ Video Packet
  • 6.
  • 8. SEGMENT FRAMES, EMULATE RADIO TRANSMIT SPEED Data/ Voice/ Video Packet, Analog Xmssn Start/Change Stop/Change EMULATION TYPE 1: 2: 3: 4: Probe Trailer Interframe gap computed to have last bit of the trailer coincide with the last bit of the emulated packet. Where data is unimportant, e.g. background traffic, can send minimum-sized trailer to save bandwidth. Other emissions (jamming, co-site, infared, optical) non-realtime simulation
  • 9. SIMULATE COLLISIONS Real Time Transmit Part I Receive Part I Detect Collision Transmit Part I Receive Part I Receive Part II Transmit Part II Detect Collision Station I Station II ONLY ONE STATION COMPLETELY SENDS RADIO FRAME
  • 10. CONSISTENT, DISTRIBUTED EMULATION For multiple active probes, consistency rule guarantees all receivers choose the same random seed. RANDOM SEED probe
  • 11. RANDOM SEED BRINGS FAIRNESS BACK TO COLLISION MODEL Probe Trailer Receiver Timeline Time Of First Received Bit. Random Seed Sets Virtual Receive Time Within These Limits.
  • 13. WIRELESS NETWORK SIMULATION: DEMONSTRATION LAN 10 Base T Linux 2.2.15 Uses Ordinary PC Components + Software + Modified Driver For 3 Com Ethernet III Card i586 i586 i586 i686 i686 i686 i686 i686 Two Drops Required For Identical Receive Ordering
  • 15. SATURATION THROUGHPUT 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 Offered Traffic, Kbit/s Throughput, Kbit/s Tests, Five PCs Bianchi, Five Stations Tests, Seven PCs Bianchi, Seven Stations Five PCs Seven PCs Emulation Parameters Data Length 1024 octets MAC header 34 octets Channel Bit Rate 1 Mbit/s SIFS 28  s Slot Time 50  s ACK length 30 octets PHY header 16 octets Propagation delay 1  s DIFS 130  s Five PCs Seven PCs 610 623 721 714 812 812 906 912 1032 1026 10 9.8 10 9.8 max, avg frames delivered (1,000) 10 9.8 10 9.8 10 9.5 5.3 4.9 6.7 6.5 8.6 7.6 10 9.3 10 8.7 1.23 1.22 1.3 1.27 max avg 1.23 1.23 1.32 1.31 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.30 Five PCs Seven PCs Average Number Attempts Per Frame (Bianchi - 1.22, five stations)
  • 16. Five PCs Seven PCs Bianchi - 1.22, five stations AVERAGE ATTEMPTS PER FRAME 812 812 906 912 1032 1026 Offered Traffic (Kbit/s) 1.23 1.22 1.3 1.27 max avg 1.23 1.23 1.32 1.31 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.30
  • 17. VARY CONTENTION WINDOW (SATURATION)
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.

Editor's Notes

  1. Is this Hardware In the Loop Testing?
  2. Initiative Title: Future Combat Systems Command and Control Sponsor: Battle Command Battle Lab - Leavenworth Initiative Type / Status: DARPA Program/ Ongoing CSE = Commander’s Support Environment Experimentation / Demonstration Strategy: The first FCS C2 Experiment was conducted at Ft Monmouth from 2-14 December under the operational control of the Program Manager. The experimental objective for this first of 4 experiments was “See and Move”. The objectives were focused on the ability of the 4 man command and control cell to manipulate the Unit Cells ISR assets to see the enemy and to maneuver their organic vehicles. The C2 cell operated in a mock-up based on the LAV III vehicle in an OTB driven scenario. The first week was spent training on the C2 Software (a Da Vinci derivative known as Commander’s Support Environment or CSE) and the second consisted of multiple scenario runs (2 to 3 a day). ARI representatives were collecting human factors feedback from the users following each run and collected and end of exercise survey. The next experiment is scheduled for May and will increase the workload and functional complexity of the cell by adding the “Shoot” function. It is expected the same players and facilitators will be involved. There are 4 planned experiments in this series. * FY03: Develop an integrated scaled operational and systems architecture for Unit Cell. *Develop a FCS C2 experimental demonstrator * Battle command training and rehearsal device *Experimental platform for future FCS research
  3. Bagrodia’s paper, page 5 discusses the impact of MAC retransmission limits on packet drop rates. Uses -- Sensor Fusion, Communications Bandwidth Allocation, Information Management, Information Security, Information Warfare, Network Maintenance, Location Management, Robotic Teams. Enablers -- Mobile software (Mobile Agents), Adaptive Software (Active Networks, Software Radios), Sensor Networks (LANs, Industry LANs), Distributed Algorithms (Multi-access techniques, Self-Organizing Networks, Self-Healing Networks, Distributed Optimization, Cooperative Target Recognition, Cooperative Target Tracking, Cooperative Node Mapping)