Overview of Microsoft WCF communication technology (Windows Communication Foundation).
WCF is a unified communication framework for distributed .Net applications.
WCF defines a common programming model and unified API for clients and services to send messages between each other.
WCF is the current and future standard for distributed .Net applications.
One of WCFs core concept is ABC which stands for Address, Binding and Contract.
The address defines a service's location. The binding defines how the service can be accessed and the contract defines the service interface.
This common model allows a uniform programming model for distributed applications not only based on web services, but also on message based transports like MSMQ.
Overview of Microsoft WCF communication technology (Windows Communication Foundation).
WCF is a unified communication framework for distributed .Net applications.
WCF defines a common programming model and unified API for clients and services to send messages between each other.
WCF is the current and future standard for distributed .Net applications.
One of WCFs core concept is ABC which stands for Address, Binding and Contract.
The address defines a service's location. The binding defines how the service can be accessed and the contract defines the service interface.
This common model allows a uniform programming model for distributed applications not only based on web services, but also on message based transports like MSMQ.
This presentation is about WCF and ASP.NET web services. The WCF architecture is introduced in detail and then the differences between WCF services and ASP.NET web services have been discussed.
WCF provides first-class support for building "Web" services that embrace REST design principles using standard Web protocols and data formats. This session illustrates how to build WCF services that support the HTTP uniform interface and different resource representations like XML, JSON, and Atom to enhance your Web 2.0 mash-up solutions. Throughout the session we'll specifically look at some of the new features in WCF 4.0 and WCF Data Services.
WCF is not just for SOAP based services and can be used with popular protocols like RSS, REST and JSON. Rob Windsor covers URI templates, the importance of HTTP GET in the programmable web, how to expose service operations via HTTP GET, how to control the format of data exposed by service operations, and finally how to use the WebOperationContext to access the specifics of HTTP.
Building Services: .NET FX 3.5, SOAP, REST, and Beyond
Most developers will be aware of various Microsoft technologies to help build SOAP services, the latest of which are WCF and WF in .NET FX 3.5, but there’s another world of services outside SOAP. Recently Microsoft has been very active in its support for, and use of, REST as a mechanism for implementing services. This event will cover recent and forthcoming technologies for building services with SOAP and REST, and we’ll explain REST for the uninitiated.
Agenda:
Session 1: The SOAP Story
In this session we’ll do a lighting quick re-cap of what SOAP is, what specs surround it before looking at how far the SOAP programming model has come in Microsoft’s latest-and-greatest stack – Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) V3.5. We’ll talk about different approaches to building services and we’ll take a good look at the integration between WCF V3.5 and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) V3.5 which opens up a whole new way of implementing services.
Session 2: Time for a REST
Web applications have evolved; using technologies like AJAX and Silverlight they have rich client-side code that wants to consume services, but they prefer JSON, “plain xml” and REST. In this session we’ll introduce REST for the uninitiated, and we’ll demonstrate some of the new and forthcoming technology that Microsoft has for working with REST: WCF 3.5, Web3S, Windows Live Data, and Codename “Astoria”.
For more details and the original slidedeck visit http://www.microsoft.com/uk/msdn/events/new/Detail.aspx?id=316
Enjoying the Move from WCF to the Web APIKevin Hazzard
A more advanced talk for those developers thinking of making the move from ASMX or WCF-based services to the ASP.NET Web API. RESTful services have their place in the middle tiers and this talk addresses how to make the mental shift toward REST. There's a lot of focus on how to ease the transition from such a complex framework as WCF to something as simplistic as the Web API.
Web API or WCF - An Architectural ComparisonAdnan Masood
ASP.NET Web API is a framework that makes it easy to build HTTP services that reach a broad range of clients, including browsers and mobile devices. The new ASP.NET Web API is a continuation of the previous WCF Web API projection. WCF was originally created to enable SOAP-based services and other related bindings. However, for simpler RESTful or RPCish services (think clients like jQuery) ASP.NET Web API is a good choice.
In this meeting we discussed what do you need to understand as an architect to implement your service oriented architecture using WCF or ASP.NET web API. With code samples, we will elaborate on WCF Web API’s transition to ASP.NET Web API and respective constructs such as Service vs. Web API controller, Operation vs. Action, URI templates vs ASP.NET Routing, Message handlers, Formatters and Operation handlers vs Filters, model binders. WebApi offers support for modern HTTP programming model with full support for ASP.NET Routing, content negotiation and custom formatters, model binding and validation, filters, query composition, is easy to unit test and offers improved Inversion of Control (IoC) via DependencyResolver.
You will walk away with a sample set of services that run on Silverlight, Windows Forms, WPF, Windows Phone and ASP.NET.
SOAP is a simple and flexible messaging framework for transferring information specified in the form of an XML infoset between an initial SOAP sender and ultimate SOAP receiver.
This presentation is about WCF and ASP.NET web services. The WCF architecture is introduced in detail and then the differences between WCF services and ASP.NET web services have been discussed.
WCF provides first-class support for building "Web" services that embrace REST design principles using standard Web protocols and data formats. This session illustrates how to build WCF services that support the HTTP uniform interface and different resource representations like XML, JSON, and Atom to enhance your Web 2.0 mash-up solutions. Throughout the session we'll specifically look at some of the new features in WCF 4.0 and WCF Data Services.
WCF is not just for SOAP based services and can be used with popular protocols like RSS, REST and JSON. Rob Windsor covers URI templates, the importance of HTTP GET in the programmable web, how to expose service operations via HTTP GET, how to control the format of data exposed by service operations, and finally how to use the WebOperationContext to access the specifics of HTTP.
Building Services: .NET FX 3.5, SOAP, REST, and Beyond
Most developers will be aware of various Microsoft technologies to help build SOAP services, the latest of which are WCF and WF in .NET FX 3.5, but there’s another world of services outside SOAP. Recently Microsoft has been very active in its support for, and use of, REST as a mechanism for implementing services. This event will cover recent and forthcoming technologies for building services with SOAP and REST, and we’ll explain REST for the uninitiated.
Agenda:
Session 1: The SOAP Story
In this session we’ll do a lighting quick re-cap of what SOAP is, what specs surround it before looking at how far the SOAP programming model has come in Microsoft’s latest-and-greatest stack – Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) V3.5. We’ll talk about different approaches to building services and we’ll take a good look at the integration between WCF V3.5 and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) V3.5 which opens up a whole new way of implementing services.
Session 2: Time for a REST
Web applications have evolved; using technologies like AJAX and Silverlight they have rich client-side code that wants to consume services, but they prefer JSON, “plain xml” and REST. In this session we’ll introduce REST for the uninitiated, and we’ll demonstrate some of the new and forthcoming technology that Microsoft has for working with REST: WCF 3.5, Web3S, Windows Live Data, and Codename “Astoria”.
For more details and the original slidedeck visit http://www.microsoft.com/uk/msdn/events/new/Detail.aspx?id=316
Enjoying the Move from WCF to the Web APIKevin Hazzard
A more advanced talk for those developers thinking of making the move from ASMX or WCF-based services to the ASP.NET Web API. RESTful services have their place in the middle tiers and this talk addresses how to make the mental shift toward REST. There's a lot of focus on how to ease the transition from such a complex framework as WCF to something as simplistic as the Web API.
Web API or WCF - An Architectural ComparisonAdnan Masood
ASP.NET Web API is a framework that makes it easy to build HTTP services that reach a broad range of clients, including browsers and mobile devices. The new ASP.NET Web API is a continuation of the previous WCF Web API projection. WCF was originally created to enable SOAP-based services and other related bindings. However, for simpler RESTful or RPCish services (think clients like jQuery) ASP.NET Web API is a good choice.
In this meeting we discussed what do you need to understand as an architect to implement your service oriented architecture using WCF or ASP.NET web API. With code samples, we will elaborate on WCF Web API’s transition to ASP.NET Web API and respective constructs such as Service vs. Web API controller, Operation vs. Action, URI templates vs ASP.NET Routing, Message handlers, Formatters and Operation handlers vs Filters, model binders. WebApi offers support for modern HTTP programming model with full support for ASP.NET Routing, content negotiation and custom formatters, model binding and validation, filters, query composition, is easy to unit test and offers improved Inversion of Control (IoC) via DependencyResolver.
You will walk away with a sample set of services that run on Silverlight, Windows Forms, WPF, Windows Phone and ASP.NET.
SOAP is a simple and flexible messaging framework for transferring information specified in the form of an XML infoset between an initial SOAP sender and ultimate SOAP receiver.
Learn how to get the best out of Camunda Tasklist, an HTML 5 application for human workflow management. You will also hear how to benefit from the Camunda Javascript forms SDK in your very own frontend applications.
This lecture presents:
WebSite Design using Master Page and Themes and Skins.
Website Navigation
ADO.NET Fundamentals using Connected Model and Disconnected Models
OTS Solutions is a Software Development Company provides a wide range of software application outsourcing development services in .NET, ASP.NET, C#, Winforms, WPF, Silverlight, WCF etc, by their skilled developers to all around the world.
This PPT explains about the various ways to manage the state of an asp.net web application. This PPT is for complete beginners and intermediate developers who want to know few things about Asp.net State Management. Here I have explained in brief about the various techniques we use to manage the state of our application.
Full credit to Microsoft but i have modified and updated the presentation to increase readability and simplicity. Hope you will enjoy knowing about Session Mgmt.
WCF or Windows Communication Foundation is a framework for structuring service-oriented applications. With WCF data is send as asynchronous messages from one service endpoint to another. Service endpoints may be an element of a continuously available service stored by IIS or can be a service provided in an application. An endpoint can even be a user of a service requesting data from a service endpoint. The messages transmitted are as simple as a single character or word sent as XML text, or as complex as a stream of binary data sent over the internet. A few example situations include:
WSO2Con 2011: Introduction to the WSO2 Carbon PlatformAfkham Azeez
WSO2 Carbon platform is the base framework for all fifteen WSO2 products and Cloud services. Based on OSGi, WSO2 Carbon is lean, consistent, modular, componentized middleware platform for enterprise software. The Carbon platform consists of a powerful core set of components and numerous product-specific components that are plugged together to provide a unique set of products. These highly decoupled components can easily be added or removed from any Carbon instance.
This tutorial will provide a fundamental overview of WSO2 Carbon, including:
An overview of the WSO2 Carbon architecture
The advantages of a modular framework
WSO2 Carbon platform capabilities
Insights to how Carbon is developed and built
A comprehensive demo on the lifecycle of a carbon component, explaining how a component is created, plugged into the platform and used
Carbon UI framework
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
3. Agenda
o Problem Statement
o Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
o Comparison of WCF and ASMX
o Advantages of WCF over ASMX
o WCF in Restaurant Management System (FYP)
4. Windows Phone and Storage
Windows Phone
SQL Server Database
Direct Communication
Problem … How ?
Problem Statement
6. Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
Web Service ASMX
WSE
Messaging Enterprise Service
Remoting WCF Services
Framework
All Technologies Into ONE
7. WCF Trends
WCF
ASP.net WS / ASMX
WCF service has increasingly gain its popularity after being
introduced in .Net Framework 3.0 in year 2006.
8. WCF Design Goals
Productive
Programming
Unification of
Technologies
Service-Oriented
Application
Common Programming Model
Combinations of ASMX, MSMQ, WSE, COM+, Remoting
into single technology that fulfill multiple requirements
Interoperability
Web Service allow loose-coupled application
interoperate in different programming language and
system platform
Efficient Development
Doesn’t need to learn different technology one by one.
Minimum complexity and high productivity development.
Service-Oriented
Application
Productive
Programming
Unification of
Technologies
9. Why need WCF
Why not we learn one technology to meet all different communication requirements ?
11. Important Terms in Endpoints
Address define location where service is available (http://sjlim:34421/Service.svc)
Bindings define how services is communicate (basicHttpBinding)
Contract specify what the services and operations available. (WCFService.ServiceInterface)
13. Comparison between WCF and ASMX
Serialization Protocol Hosting
WCF and ASMX has been different in many features include
hosting, protocols, bindings, serialization. encoding, web
methods, data contracts, messaging, security, performance, and
exception handling. However, the main differences are:
Security
DataContractSerializer in
WCF has a better
performance than
XMLSerializer used in ASMX.
ASMX limited to HTTP protocol
only but WCF supports protocols
such as HTTP, TCP, Named
Pipes, MSMQ
ASMX can only be hosted in IIS
but WCF can be hosted in IIS,
WAS, self-hosting and Managed
Windows Service
Security setting in ASMX is
limited. WCF support WSE
that offer message layer
security instead than
transport layer.
14. Advantages of WCF
Productivity
Performance
Troubleshootin
g
Security
Enhanced Productivity
ASMX Web Service technology are solely build for web services while
WCF is the newer technology that combines many communication
technologies into one
WCF allow service oriented application development in:
Lesser Time – no need to learn different technologies
Low Complexity - programming technique are similar,
minor changes to meet different
technologies requirements.
17. Advantages of WCF
Productivity
Performance
Troubleshootin
g
Security
Better Security and Reliable Communication
The support of WSE (Web Service Enhancement) in WCF allow both
transport and message layer security, In WCF, all the bindings except
basicHttpBindings are secured by default.
Message layer provides end-to-end security
Transport layer provides point-to-point security
WS can be used to connect – by consuming all functions and operations expose to access the data – two choices – WCF - two reasons
What is WCF – before existent – different roles for diff technologies – develop diff solutions to use diff technologies – WCF different – powerful – grouping into one
Using ASMX and WSE, you can build powerful and interoperable service-oriented applications with Web services and Web service clients that allow for cross-platform interoperability and integration, and relatively easy service evolution and versioning strategies through loose coupling. With MSMQ you have a powerful mechanism for scalable, durable and volatile, queued messaging that takes care of getting data reliably from one place to the next. Enterprise Services provides transaction integration across multiple parties performing related work in a distributed environment, allows throttling access to limited, shared resources, allows pooling of object instances to optimize access to expensive-to-initialize resources, features a publish/subscribe mechanism for events, has a rich security model, and sits on top of a proven, platform-integrated, secure, and fast transport. Last but not least, Remoting is the Common Language Runtime (CLR) integrated mechanism for communicating with objects across application domain boundaries and is loved for its very flexible extensibility model, which lets developers rip and replace transports, proxy mechanisms and the way communication channels behave.
Based on the Google Analysis Report, WCF service has increasingly gains its popularity after being introduced in .Net Framework 3.0 in year 2006. and as shown in the graph here, the trends of using WCF is still increasing while the trends of ASP.net Web Service / ASMX going down. Trends of WCF – increasingly gain popularity – WCF is still increasing – ASMX goin down – reason in next slide
Why we need WCF ?- instead of learning each- focus on one – all comm possible in one solution
"A" stands for Address: Where is the service?"B" stands for Binding: How do I talk to the service?"C" stands for Contract: What can the service do for me?(http://sjlim:34421/Service.svc)(basicHttpBinding)(WCFService.ServiceInterface)
XMLSerializerin ASMX translate every data field that set as public into XML whileDataContractSerializer in WCF allow programmer to explicit define which data member to be translated into XML. WCF has better performance as programmer can specific which data they want serialize instead of serialize everything in ASMXa. Only public fields or properties of the .NET types can be translated to Xml.b. Only the classes that implement IEnumerable can be translated.c. Classes that implement IDictionary, such as Hashtable cannot be serialized.ASMX limited to HTTP and work in stateless environment. Because of the stateless nature of the HTTP protocol a web server considers every request as a new one. This means that, if you want to track a series of related calls, you must establish a way of identifying if the current request is a new request or is related to another request.serialization is a process of converting object into steam of data contained XML to allow it to be transmittable over the Internet. DataContractSerializer in WCF has a better performance than XMLSerializer used in ASMX. The reasons is because in WCF, we can explicit specify which data field to be serialized instead of serialized everything in ASMX.Protocol support, ASMX limited to HTTP but WCF support HTTP, TCP, Named Pipe, MSMQ. Multiple protocol supported by WCF has allow one WCF Service can have multiple hosts for different communicationhosting options. ASMX can only be hosted in IIS but WCF can be hosted in IIS, WAS, self-hosting and Managed Windows Service.Developer can have much options in hosting selection based on the application scenario and hosting benefitsSecurity. setting in ASMX is limited. WCF support WSE that offer message layer security instead than transport layer. Message layer is important for security will be discuss in the advantages of WCF later.
Windows Process Activation Service
Normally, authentication and authorization in Web Service is done at IIS and transport layer only, which mean the message are being secured from point-to-point, message are not being secured when it reach the communication intermediaries (such as router) before the final receiver of message. WCF, WS-enhancement allow both transport and message layer security, mean message are being secured from one end to the another end rather than point to point. Thus, WCF offer better security and reliable communication.
To conclude, WCF is the most suitable technology that suit such scenario to develop Online Restaurant Management System that simplify the development effort, may be in future, we can access the same service using different mobile platform. And significantly, WCF has a better throughput performance.