The document outlines the biodiversity and conservation status of the Philippines, emphasizing its significant genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity as one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries. It highlights threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, climate change, and illegal wildlife trade, while also detailing various legislative efforts to protect wildlife and enforce conservation measures. Additionally, it discusses the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan aimed at restoring, managing, and securing biodiversity by 2028 through community and governmental collaboration.

1. Wildlife and
Biodiversity
Conservation

2. Variety of life in our natural environment-
from the smallest micro-organism to the
largest mammals, including the ecosystems
where thay live- forests, mountains, rivers
and seas.
Genetic Diversity
The variation in genes within
a species.
Species Diversity
Usually measures in terms of
number od species found in a
particular area.
Ecosystem Diversity
Diversity of habitat in a certain
unit area.
Levels of Biodiversity

3. PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY
• one of 17 Megadiversed countries identified (next only to Brazil, Colombia, and
Indonesia) as containing 60 to 70 % of the World’s biodiversity
• The Philippines has more than 52,177 described species, half of which are endemic or
found nowhere else on earth.
• In terms of terrestrial vertebrates, the Philippines is known to host 1,238 species of
which 618 (or 50%) is endemic.
• In terms of fishes, the Philippines counts at least 3,214 species, of which about 121 are
endemic and 76 threatened.

4. Philipine Biodiversity and Endemicity
The Philippines is 2nd
in the world in terms
of butterfly species edemicity. Of its 895
species, 352 are endemic.
Insects
5th
in the world in mammalian
endemicity. Of its 183 species, 120 are
endemic.
Mammals
8th
in the world in reptilian endemicity. Of its
258 species, 170 are endemic.
Reptiles
3,214 species of fish in Philippines
waters. 121 species are endemic species
including freshwater fish.
Fish
4th in Bird Endemism. 237 bird species endemic to
the Philippines. Many of these are restricted to
specific islands, particularly Luzon, Mindanao, and
Palawan.
Birds
There are 171 species of amphibians in
the Philippines. 78% are endemic.
Amphibians
Appias phoebe Green-spotted Triangle
(Graphium Agamemnon)
Tamaraw
(Bubalus mindorensis)
The Philippine tarsier
(Carlito syrichta)
Philippine Freshwater
Crocodile
(Crocodylus mindorensis)
Samar Cobra
(Naja samarensis)
Woodworth's frog
(Hylarana grandocula)
Kalinga Narrowmouth Toad
(Kaloula kalingensis)
Philippine Eagle
(Pithecophaga jefferyi)
Bleeding-heart Pigeon
(Gallicolumba platenae)
Whitefin topeshark
(Hemitriakis leucoperiptera)
Silver-banded sillago
(Sillago argentifasciata)
Source: Compendium of the Philippine Environment Statistics (CPES) as of 2017

5. Philipine Biodiversity and Endemicity
25 known marine mammals in the
Philippines.
Marine Mammals
5 of the 7 known Marine Turtles in the
World are found in the Philippines
Marine Turtles
8th
in the world in flora endemicity. Of
its 9959 species, 4728 are endemic.
Flora
500 of the 800+ known coral species
in the world are found in the
Philippines.
Corals
There are 54 mangrove species in the
world and 40 species are found in the
Philippines.
Mangroves
There are 16 species of seagrass
identified in the Philippines
Seagrasses
Irrawaddy Dolphins
(Orcaella brevirostris)
Dugong
(Dugong dugon)
Mindoro Pine Tree
(Pinus merkusii)
Jade Vine
(Strongylodon macrobotrys)
Enhalus acoroides Halophila ovalis Bakawang Lalake
(Rhizophora apiculata)
Pagatpat
(Sonneratia acida)
Table Coral
(Acropora clathrata)
Pink Soft Coral
(Scleronephthya spp.)
Green Sea Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
Leather-backed Sea Turtle
(Dermochelys coriacea)
Source: Compendium of the Philippine Environment Statistics (CPES) as of 2017

6. However, the Philippines is also a
hotspot of biodiversity loss,
ranking among the top ten
countries in the world with the
largest number of species
threatened with extinction.
Main pressures on biodiversity
(The Philippine Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan 2015-
2028)
-habitat loss
-over-exploitation
-invasive alien species
-pollution
-climate change.
-anthropogenic activities
HOTTEST OF THE HOT SPOTS

7. Threats to Biodiversity
KAINGIN ILLEGAL LOGGING
ILLEGAL MINING
ACTIVITIES
HABITAT LOSS

8. Threats to Biodiversity
ILLEGAL FISHING
METHODS
WILDLIFE TRADE AND
HUNTING
INTRODUCTION OF
EXOTIC SPECIES
Picture soure: Internet

9. Threats to Biodiversity
POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE LAND USE CHANGE

10. BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION IN
THE PHILIPPINES

11. Republic Act No. 9147- “Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act.
An act providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources
and their habitats, appropriating funds and for other purposes.
• To conserve and protect
wildlife species and their
habitats.
• To pursue the Philippine
commitment to international
conventions, protection of wildlife
and their habitats.
• To regulate collection and
trade of wildlife.
• To initiate or support scientific
studies on the conservation of
biological diversity.
OBJECTIVES:

12. Republic Act No. 9147- “Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act.
WILDLIFE
•refers to wild forms and varieties/strains of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, such as but not limited
to eggs, pupae, seedlings including those which are in captivity or are being bred or propagated;
•non domesticated animals which can thrive in the wild without human intervention/efforts.

13. RA 9147 is joint implementation of
DENR, DA and Palawan Council for
Sustainable Development (PCSD).
DENR- responsible for all terrestrial
plants and animal species (mammals,
reptiles, birds and amphibians)
DA- responsible for aquatic habitats
and resources (fishes, aquatic plants,
invertebrates and marine mammals,
except dugong.)
PCSD- for all wildlife species found in
Palawan areas (RA 7611)

14. DAO 2017-11 (updated list of DAO 2007-01)
- National List of Threatened Philippine
Plants and their Categories (Philippine Plant
Conservation Committee (PPCC).
- 526 threatened plants were included in
the list in 2007 and 984 species in 2017.
DAO 2019-09 (updated list of DAO 2004-15)
-National List of Philippine Fauna
Threatened Species and their Categories
-145 threatened wildlife species in 2004
and 444 species in 2019.

15. SPECIES CATEGORIES
-a term to denote a species or subspecies considered as endangered, critically
endangered, vulnerable or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is
at risk of extinction.
THREATHENED
SPECIES
VULNERABLE
SPECIES
ENDANGERED
SPECIES
CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED SPECIES
-refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered nor endangered but
is under threat from adverse factors throughout their range and is likely to be
endangered in the near future.
-refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in
the wild is unlikely if the casual factors continue operating.
- refers to species or subspecies that is facing extremely high risk of extinction in the
wild in the immediate future.

16. VULNERABLE SPECIES
Philippine Hawk-eagle (Nisaetus philippensis)
Philippine Duck (Anas luzonica)

17. VULNERABLE SPECIES
White Lauan (Shorea contorta)
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)

18. ENDANGERED SPECIES
Philippine Deer
(Rusa marianna)
Luzon Rufous
Hornbill (Buceros
hydrocorax)

19. ENDANGERED SPECIES
Loggerhead Sea turtle (Caretta
caretta)

20. ENDANGERED SPECIES
Red Duarian
(Durio graveolens)
Jade Vine
(Strongylodon macrobotrys)

21. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES
Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis)
Visayan Warty Pig (Sus cebifrons)

22. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES
Philippine Hanging Parrot (Colasisi) (Loriculus philippensis)
Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)

23. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES
Bicol abiki (Pinanga bicolana) Giant Staghorn Fern
(Platycerium coronarium)

24. 1. Killing and destroying wildlife species
• Imprisonment ranging
from 6 months & 1
day to 12 years
• Fine ranging from
P10,000 to P1.0M
2. Inflicting injury which cripples and/or impairs
the reproductive system of wildlife species.
• Imprisonment of 1 mo to 6 yrs
• Fine of P5,000.00 to P500,000
Prohibited Acts and Penal Provision

25. 3. Effecting any of the following acts in
critical habitats.
-dumping of waste
detrimental to wildlife.
-squatting or otherwise occupying
a certain portion of critical habitat
-mineral exploration
and/or extraction
Burning
Quarrying
Logging
• Imprisonment
ranging from
1 month to 8
years
• Fine ranging
from
P5,000.00 to
P5.0M
4. Introduction, reintroduction or
restocking of wildlife resources
Penalties:
• Imprisonment of 1 month to 8 years
• Fine of P5,000.00 to P5,000,000.00
Prohibited Acts and Penal Provision

26. 5. Illegal Trading of Wildlife
• Imprisonment of 10
days to four years
• Fine of P200.00 to
P300,000.00
6. Collecting, hunting, possessing wildlife, their by-products and derivatives
• Imprisonment of 10 days
to 4 years
• Fine of P1,000.00 to
P300,000.00
Prohibited Acts and Penal Provision

27. 7. Gathering or destroying of active nests,
nest trees and host plants
Penalties:
• Imprisonment of 10 days to 4 years
• Fine of P1,000.00 to P300,000.00
8. Maltreating and/or inflicting other
injuries on wildlife
9. Transporting wildlife
Penalties on the above illegal acts:
•Imprisonment of 10 days to 1 years
•Fine of P1,000.00 to P100,000.00
Prohibited Acts and Penal Provision

28. PD 705 "Revised Forestry
Code of the Philippines“
-An act incorporating certain sections of the National
Internal Revenue Code of 1977, as amended, to
Presidential Decree No. 705, as amended, otherwise
known as the "Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines", and providing amendments thereto by
increasing the forest charges on timber and other
forest products.
-as amended by E.O. No. 277, Series of1987,
prohibits the cutting, gathering, collecting or
removing of timber or any forest products from any
forest land without authority.

29. National Greening Program (EO 26, s. 2011)
-plant some 1.5 Billion trees in 1.5 Million hectares for a
period of six (6) years from 2011 to 2016
-aims to address climate change, ensure the sustainable
management of natural resources, and reduce poverty
through forest management practices.
Enhanced National Greening Program (EO 193 s.
2016)
The coverage of the National Greening Program is hereby
expanded to cover all the remaining unproductive, denuded
and degraded forestlands and its period of implementation is
likewise extended from 2016 to 2028.
-family/community approach
Community-based Forestry Management (CBFM)
-25 yrs tenurial instrument (CMFMA) within timberland
Supports sustainable
livelihood through
forestry and agroforestry
programs and Projects
Promotes reforestation
and sustainable land
management, which
enhances food security
Provides employment
opportunities/ income
generation for local
communities in
planting, maintaining,
and managing trees.
NGP and CBFM improves
resilience against climate-
related impacts, such as floods
and landslides.
Managing forests, promoting
biodiversity conservation, and
implementing sustainable
land use practices to protect
terrestrial ecosystems and
habitats.
Managing and protecting
watersheds through
reforestation ensures
adequate clean water
supply.

30. RA 11038: EXPANDED NATIONAL INTERGRATED PROTECTED
AREAS SYSTEM ACT OF 2018 (ENIPAS)
-An Act Declaring Protected Areas and Providing for Their Management,
Amending for This Purpose Republic Act No. 7586, Otherwise Known as
the "National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992"
and for Other Purposes
-ecologically rich and unique areas and biologically important public
lands that are habitats of rare and threatened species of plants and
animals , biogeographic zones and related ecosystems- shall be
designated as 'protected areas'.
-provides for heritage preservation, develop, protect and conserve the
biologically significant areas with their indigenous knowledge systems
and practices

31. Allowable Activities
under the SPZ (Strict
Protection Zone)
1. Biodiversity situations
and terrestrial health
monitoring.
2. Forest restoration
3. Biological assessment
4. Documentaries for
public awareness and
educational purposes
5. Other Research
Purposes
RA 11038: EXPANDED
NATIONAL
INTERGRATED
PROTECTED AREAS
SYSTEM ACT OF 2018
(ENIPAS)
1. Regulated Agricultural
Activities
2. Ecotourism
3. Ternurial Instruments
(CSC, CBFMA, FLAGT)
Allowable Activities
under the MUZ
(Multiple-use Zone)

32. The Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) aims to improve
the information available for decision-makers in protected
areas through the regular collecting of data on natural
biological resources and their utilization. The focus is on
identifying trends in biodiversity and its use - to guide
action in protected area management.
Objectives:
1. To measure changes (increase or decline) in the quality
and quantity of variety, variability among living
organisms.
2. To take on clear and concrete measures on protection
and conservation plan and strategies of biodiversity.
BIODIVERSITY MONITORING SYSTEM
in PAs and other critical habitats

33. DENR Administrative Order No. 26 of
2016 (Guidelines for the Implementation
Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
Management Program (CMEMP)
The CMEMP is a national program which
aims to comprehensively manage, address
and effectively reduce the drivers and
threats of degradation of the coastal and
marine ecosystems in order to achieve and
promote sustainability of ecosystem
services, food security and climate change
resiliency.

34. Philippine Fisheries Code of
1998 (RA 8550)
-AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT,
MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE FISHERIES AND
AQUATIC RESOURCES, INTEGRATING ALL LAWS PERTINENT
THERETO, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
-Section 11. Protection of Rare, Threatened and
Endangered Species. - conservation and rehabilitation
measures for rare, threatened and endangered
species, as it may determine, and shall ban the fishing
and/or taking of rare, threatened and/or endangered
species, including their eggs/offspring as identified by
existing laws in concurrence with concerned
government agencies.`

35. International Agreements
RAMSAR Convention on
Wetlands (1971)
Convention on International Trade of
Endangered Species (CITES) 1993
Convention on Biological Diversity
(1992)
Convention on Migratory
Species
International Union for the
Conservation of Nature
World Wildlife Fund

36. -The Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (PBSAP) 2015-
2028 serves as a strategic instrument, whose vision is that by 2028,
biodiversity is restored and rehabilitated, valued, effectively
managed and secured, maintaining ecosystem services to sustain
healthy, resilient Filipino communities and delivering benefits to all.
-Initiated by Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) of the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) .
-Conservation efforts in partnership with ASEAN Centre for
Biodiversity (ACB); BirdLife International; Haribon Foundation, Inc.;
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
through the Protected Area Management Enhancement in the
Philippines (PAME) Project, Philippine Biodiversity Conservation
Foundation Inc. etc.
The Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action
Plan (PBSAP)

37. Strategies implemented in some LGUs, Agencies
and other Stakeholders:
1. IEC/CEPA
2. Regular updating of Wildlife Information through research
3. Conservation breeding or propagation of wildlife resources
4. Establishment of Critical Habitats
5. Designation of wildlife rescue centers
6. Creation of Wildlife Traffic Monitoring Units (Community Monitoring Group)
7. Deputation of Wildlife Enforcement Officers (Bantay Dagat & Bantay Gubat)

38. COMMUNITY CONSERVATION EFFORTS
Philippine Long-tailed Macaque or Philippine
Monkey (𝘔
𝘢𝘤𝘢𝘤𝘢 𝘧 𝘢𝘴𝘤𝘪 𝘤𝘶𝘭 𝘢𝘳 𝘪 𝘴
) and Palawan Pangolin
𝘗𝘩𝘪 𝘭 𝘪 𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪 𝘴
( )
𝘔
𝘢𝘯𝘪 𝘴 𝘤𝘶𝘭 𝘪 𝘰𝘯𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪 𝘴
Reticulated python
(Malayopython reticulatus)
Juvenile Tarictic hornbill
(Buceros hydrocorax)

39. COMMUNITY CONSERVATION EFFORTS

40. Key Challenges in Environmental
Governance
•Law Enforcement
•Corruption
•Fragmented Policies
• Insufficient Funding
•Community Engagement
•Climate Change Adaptation
•Data Gaps
•Capacity Building

41. Thank
you!
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42. Thank
you!
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