The document discusses tools for establishing a ubiquitous language for software development, including cognitive mapping, concept mapping, mind maps, dialogue mapping, and wikimaps. It provides examples of how cognitive mapping and dialogue can help developers and domain experts establish a shared language to describe key concepts and their relationships for a traffic monitoring project. The document argues that establishing a ubiquitous language during exploration helps ensure user stories are understandable and the language can evolve more easily.
These are mind maps that I made to help my students in learning English Grammar. There are six mind maps, Articles, Clauses and Phrases, Sentence, Adjective Clause, Noun Clause and Adverb Clauses. If you find this useful for you, you can download it or contact me.
Creativity Tools: The Power of Flow Charts, Mind Maps, InfographsJanette Toral
Presentation given by Janette Toral at YouthLeadPH event last May 24, 2014. Gave an overview on the use of flowchart, mind maps, and infographics in communicating ideas through social media.
1er Congreso Latinoamericano de turismo y convenciones del 25 al 27 de mayo de 2010 en la UTPL
Tema: e- travel - Internet para el provecho de la Industria del Turismo
Autor: Edwin Bernal Holguin - Colombia
Teaser section of my little book, "Experimental Media Voodoo™". It's about what I do as a digital media artist, and my approach to understanding digital culture, discussed and explained in micro-essays, case studies, tutorials, and neat charts!
Currently looking for a publisher for the full-color, full-bleed version! More info at : http://www.badmindtime.com/book .
Schemas as cognitive and communication tool for Human-Computer Interaction De...Omar Sosa-Tzec
Presentation of a proposal for a NSF GRFP. Research on schemas - schematic visualization as a communication tool and distributed cognition component among design practitioners or researchers. Course: Introduction to Informatics INFO 501. Prof. Johan Bollen. PhD in Informatics. School of Informatics and Computing. Indiana University Bloomington.
These are mind maps that I made to help my students in learning English Grammar. There are six mind maps, Articles, Clauses and Phrases, Sentence, Adjective Clause, Noun Clause and Adverb Clauses. If you find this useful for you, you can download it or contact me.
Creativity Tools: The Power of Flow Charts, Mind Maps, InfographsJanette Toral
Presentation given by Janette Toral at YouthLeadPH event last May 24, 2014. Gave an overview on the use of flowchart, mind maps, and infographics in communicating ideas through social media.
1er Congreso Latinoamericano de turismo y convenciones del 25 al 27 de mayo de 2010 en la UTPL
Tema: e- travel - Internet para el provecho de la Industria del Turismo
Autor: Edwin Bernal Holguin - Colombia
Teaser section of my little book, "Experimental Media Voodoo™". It's about what I do as a digital media artist, and my approach to understanding digital culture, discussed and explained in micro-essays, case studies, tutorials, and neat charts!
Currently looking for a publisher for the full-color, full-bleed version! More info at : http://www.badmindtime.com/book .
Schemas as cognitive and communication tool for Human-Computer Interaction De...Omar Sosa-Tzec
Presentation of a proposal for a NSF GRFP. Research on schemas - schematic visualization as a communication tool and distributed cognition component among design practitioners or researchers. Course: Introduction to Informatics INFO 501. Prof. Johan Bollen. PhD in Informatics. School of Informatics and Computing. Indiana University Bloomington.
FOCUS K3D - Foster the Comprehension and Use of Knowledge intensive 3D media
Newsletter 4 (February 2010), download at
http://www.focusk3d.eu/downloads
The following videos were linked from the original presentation:
1) Scenario - http://www.vimeo.com/4903991
2) Touchscreen UI Concept: http://vimeo.com/4910002
3) No Touchscreen UI Concept: http://www.vimeo.com/4910043
In 2010 we had the idea to have multiple graduation projects with common themes. The themes selected for that year were "Arabic NLP" and "Pen computing". This presentation outlined the two themes and suggested several project ideas for them (and some GP ideas not related to the two themes),
Development, distribution and use of open source software comprise a market of data (source code, bug reports, documentation, number of downloads, etc.) from projects, developers and users. This large amount of data makes it difficult for people involved to make sense of implicit links between software projects, e.g., dependencies, patterns, licenses. This context raises the question of what techniques and mechanisms can be used to help users and developers to link related pieces of information across software projects. In this paper, we propose a framework for a marketplace enhanced using linked open data (LOD) technology for linking software artifacts within projects as well as across software projects. The marketplace provides the infrastructure for collecting and aggregating software engineering data as well as developing services for mining, statistics, analytics and visualization of software data. Based on cross-linking software artifacts and projects, the marketplace enables developers and users to understand the individual value of components, their relationship to bigger software systems. Improved understanding creates new business opportunities for software companies: users will be better able to analyze and compare projects, developers can increase the visibility of their products, hosts may offer plug-ins and services over the data to paying customers.
Sign language SL is commonly considered as the primary gesture based language for deaf and dumb people. It is a medium of communication for such people. Basically image based and sensor based are the two important sign language recognition methods. Because of the difficulties in wearing complex devices like Hand Gloves, armbands, helmets etc. in sensor based approaches, lots of researches are done by companies and researchers on image based approaches. Sign language is used by these people to communicate with the normal people. Understanding this sign language is a difficult task according to the normal people. To address these difficulties, a real time translator for sign language using deep learning DL is introduced. It enables to reduce the limitations and cons of other methods to a greater extent. With the help of this real time translator, communication will be better and fast without causing any delay. Jeni Moni | Anju J Prakash "Real Time Translator for Sign Language" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32915.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/32915/real-time-translator-for-sign-language/jeni-moni
Deep Accessibility: Adapting Interfaces to Suit Our SensesSimon Harper
Citation:
@article{Harper2012uq,
Abstract = {Disabled people typically use methods of `sensory translation' to access a Web-page via assistive technology. These technologies conventionally render screen content under the direction of the user into a form that can be perceived by that user -- in effect the interface and content are adapted to suit their sensory requirements -- but simple sensory translation is not enough.
Why is this -- and how can things be better? In this talk we touch on accessibility, sensory transcoding, multi-talker systems, auditory perception, and Neuroscience to help us in our search for equivalent interactive experiences tailored to the sensory modality of the user.},
Author = {Simon Harper},
Date-Added = {2013-02-15 10:31:27 +0000},
Date-Modified = {2013-02-15 10:39:41 +0000},
Howpublished = {Slideshare},
Journal = {Invited Talk - Technical Superior Insitute, LaSIGE, Lisbon, Portugal},
Month = {September},
Title = {Deep Accessibility: Adapting Interfaces to Suit Our Senses - http://goo.gl/VT5BE},
Url = {\url{http://www.slideshare.net/simon-harper/adapting-sensory-interfaces}},
Year = {2012},
doi={10.6084/m9.figshare.678330},
Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.678330},
Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.slideshare.net/simon-harper/adapting-sensory-interfaces}}
Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using KinectCSITiaesprime
The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearing-impaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring key points from the dataset, training a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and making real-time predictions using sequences through openCV integrated with the Kinect device. The system’s static sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring an image-based dataset, training a model garden, and making real-time predictions using openCV integrated with the Kinect device. It also allows the hearing user to input Urdu audio to the Kinect microphone. The proposed sign language translator can detect and predict the PSL performed in front of the Kinect device and produce translations in Urdu.
Thesis proposal for Skye Sant's digital design thesis: the design issue, avenues of exploration, relevance and possible outcomes. For UCD Spring 2012.
The movie shown on the third slide can be seen at http://youtu.be/T0eCJqEVKNQ. No rights owned or intended for Minority report or Iron Man.
(personal pictures are creative commons to Skye Sant)
Public lecture at Microsoft Research about the convergence of robots and artificial intelligence. This talk presented the development and how to approach generic software architectures for robots.
Workshop
[Delivered at joint 8th International Conference on ESP in Asia and 3rd International Symposium on Innovative Teaching and Research in ESP, UEC, Tokyo. August 21, 2016]
In presentations, particularly during conference presentation Q&A, sci-tech EAP learners often prove unable to distil the underlying intentions of their research design or to identify the argument(s) surrounding their claim and the generalizability of their results.
These EAP learners usually have little training in rhetorical orchestration, especially since their research papers are built on the IMRAD structure, a rather poor metaphor for argument. As a result, these learners find spontaneous oral explanation and argument summarization difficult.
This workshop introduces the operation of a structured, low-text approach which has produced consistent, rapid development of the foundation target skills (argument analysis, argument construction) in classroom application (masters and PhD level). The key tool in this approach is the cross-platform freeware CmapTools, now widely adopted in science education. CmapTools automatically generates Novakian maps (maps in which each link is articulated by a relation phrase). Learners find these maps easy to evaluate in terms of correctness of relations and shockingly accessible in terms of structure of information.
This workshop begins with an overview of current styles of concept visualization (and their attendant syntax and information structures) so as to give participants a broad practical overview of mapping practice today. Participants will then be introduced to the use of CmapTools, and will take part in guided model task performance.
The workshop activities will be low-tech (post-its and marker pens) to maximize accessibility.
However, participants who would like to 'lean in' on this skill set are encouraged to download Cmap Tools to their laptops (Mac, Win or Linux) or iPads, familiarize themselves with the basic functions of the software (takes about 15 minutes), and show up equipped for bigger-curve learning.
Create Knowledge with Users at Agile Korea 2013Kenji Hiranabe
My presentation at Agile Korea 2013, Sept.7
Scrum is a word used in "New Product Development" first by Ikujiro Nonaka. I explained his knowledge creation model, SECI.
1. People as the conveyor of the knowledge
2. Mindmapping for User Interview
Let's break the wall between developers and users!!
The Project is based on design & implementation of smart hybrid system for street sign boards recognition, text and speech conversions through character extraction and symbol matching. The default language use to pronounce signs on the street boards is English. Here we are proposing a novel method to convert identified character or symbol into multiple languages like Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, etc. This Project is helpful to all starting from the visually impaired, the tourists, the illiterates and all the people who travel. The system is accomplished with the speech pronunciation in different languages and to display on screen. This Project has a multidisciplinary approach as it belongs to the domains like computer vision, speech processing, & Google cloud platform. Computer vision is used for character and symbol extraction from sign boards. Speech processing is used for text to speech conversion. GCP is used for multiple language conversion of original extracted text. Further programming is done for real time pronunciation and displaying desired output.
Esperanto as Lingua Receptiva / Esperanto RicevemaFederico Gobbo
immediate understanding for presenting Esperanto (in)formally
tujkomprenebleco por (ne)formale prezenti Esperanton
Polyglot Gathering Online 2023-03-30
Complex Arguments in Adpositional ArgumentationFederico Gobbo
joint work with Marco Benini and Jean Wagemans on Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation during the 5th Workshop on Advances in Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence (AI3 2021) in Milano-Bicocca, Italy, 29 November 2021.
The Religious Dimensions of the Esperanto Collective IdentityFederico Gobbo
Presentation for the Symposium "Religious dimensions of nationalism: Interdisciplinary perspectives" held at
at Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, 21-22-13 October 2021.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
Wikimapping for DDD
1. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Wikimapping for DDD
Tools for the establishment of a ubiquitous language
Federico Gobbo
federico.gobbo@uninsubria.it
Dipartimento di Informatica e Comunicazione
Universit` degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese
a
(cc) Some rights reserved.
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2. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
The agility software life cycle: requirement modelling
sponsors developers
XP coaches
domain
Brainstorming,
experts
domain knowledge
elicitation
customers
user stories
requirement modelling &
software development
2/41
3. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
The need of a ubiquitous language
A ubiquitous language is a lexicon of keywords shared by every
actor of the software life cycle (Evans 2003):
the model is the backbone of a language used by all
members. Because of the binding of model and
implementation, developers can talk about the program
in this language. They can communicate with domain
experts without translation. And because of the language
is based on the model, our natural linguistic abilities can
be turned to refining the model itself.
The relation between language and the model is an expanding
circle which permit people involved in software to augment their
shared knowledge. It is central to avoid frictions between
developers and customers.
3/41
4. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Official reference about DDD and ubiquitous language
4/41
5. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
A traffic monitoring project 1/2
A fictional dialogue about a ubiquitous language establishment
• Developer: We want to monitor air traffic. Where
do we start?
• Expert: Let’s start with the basics. All this traffic is
made up of planes. Each plane takes off from a
departure place, and lands at a destination place.
• Developer: That’s easy. When it flies, the plane
can just choose any air path the pilots like? Is it up
to them to decide which way they should go, as long
as they reach destination?
• Expert: Oh, no. The pilots receive a route they
must follow. And they should stay on that route as
close as possible.
5/41
6. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
A traffic monitoring project 2/2
Ubiquitous language is a conversational convention
• Developer: I’m thinking of this route as a 3D path
in the air. If we use a Cartesian system of
coordinates, then the route is simply a series of 3D
points.
• Expert: I don’t think so. We don’t see route that
way. The route is actually the projection on the
ground of the expected air path of the airplane. The
route goes through a series of points on the ground
determined by their latitude and longitude.
DDD Quickly, InfoQ.com
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7. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
DDD and XP user stories: my claim
How the ubiquitous language enters design in a XP team
User stories describe something that is understandable by the
customer or a proxy, e.g. a domain expert. If the ubiquitous
language is externalized during the design process my claim is that
ubiquitous language evolution and change is easier to maintain.
7/41
8. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
DDD and XP user stories: my claim
How the ubiquitous language enters design in a XP team
User stories describe something that is understandable by the
customer or a proxy, e.g. a domain expert. If the ubiquitous
language is externalized during the design process my claim is that
ubiquitous language evolution and change is easier to maintain.
They risk to fail if the ubiquitous language is not at least partially
established before starting to write down user stories.
7/41
9. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Ubiquitous language is to be put in the exploration phase!
W rite a S tory
(C ustom er)
quot;d o n 't kn o w h o w quot;
quot;to o b i gquot;
E stim ate a S tory
(P rogram m er)
S plit a S tory S pike a S tory
(C ustom er) (P rogram m er)
P h a se 1 : E xp lo ra tio n
P h a se 2 : P la n n in g
S ort S tories by
V alue and R isk
(C ustom er and
P rogram m er)
D eclare V elocity
(T racker)
C hoose S cope
(C ustom er)
8/41
William C. Wake (2000:103)
10. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Cognitive mapping and ubiquitous language
Customers and domain experts usually say that user stories fail to
capture the “big picture”. On the contrary, cognitive mapping
techniques proved well in make the “big picture” (Gestalt) clear
and shared in groups, hence they can be used as an effective tool
to establish the ubiquitous language.
Wikimaps are an evolution of cognitive mapping, where definitions
into the cognitive mapping nodes are wiki pages (we see them
later).
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11. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Why cognitive mapping?
Cognitive mapping considers thinking as a self-organizing
information system, i.e. informations grow and change, while it
maintains accuracy and relevance.
10/41
12. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Why cognitive mapping?
Cognitive mapping considers thinking as a self-organizing
information system, i.e. informations grow and change, while it
maintains accuracy and relevance.
Empirical evidences. Our brain process complex information
conveyed visually in a very effective way, we typically identify visual
patterns easier than not-visual (e.g. words as concepts).
Forthermore, visual images can overcome language barriers.
10/41
13. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Why cognitive mapping?
Cognitive mapping considers thinking as a self-organizing
information system, i.e. informations grow and change, while it
maintains accuracy and relevance.
Empirical evidences. Our brain process complex information
conveyed visually in a very effective way, we typically identify visual
patterns easier than not-visual (e.g. words as concepts).
Forthermore, visual images can overcome language barriers.
Knowledge elicitation. Information visualization doesn’t merely
communicate ideas but it actively, organizes, concises, and clarifies
info chunks (Dawkins’ memes) revealing hidden patterns, gaining
insights and discovering new ideas and relations.
10/41
14. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Please tell your experiences in cognitive mapping, if any
11/41
15. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
12/41
16. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
12/41
17. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
Official software: CmapTools (free).
12/41
18. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
Official software: CmapTools (free).
• Mind mapping. Discovered and spread by Tony Buzan
(2007) and his own international associations.
12/41
19. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
Official software: CmapTools (free).
• Mind mapping. Discovered and spread by Tony Buzan
(2007) and his own international associations.
Official software: MindManager (proprietary).
12/41
20. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
Official software: CmapTools (free).
• Mind mapping. Discovered and spread by Tony Buzan
(2007) and his own international associations.
Official software: MindManager (proprietary).
• Dialogue mapping. Fully explored by Jeff Conklin (2006)
through the CogNexus Institute and the Open University.
12/41
21. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Three different paradigms for cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping became popular in the 1980s-90s, where it was
uses esp. for educational and self-coaching purposes, e.g.
note-taking, brainstorming, time management, etc.
• Concept mapping. Initiated by J. D. Novak (and Ca˜as,
n
2006) and developed in the Institute for Human and Machine
Cognition (IHMC) over Ausubel’s works on psychology.
Official software: CmapTools (free).
• Mind mapping. Discovered and spread by Tony Buzan
(2007) and his own international associations.
Official software: MindManager (proprietary).
• Dialogue mapping. Fully explored by Jeff Conklin (2006)
through the CogNexus Institute and the Open University.
Official software: Compendium (free).
12/41
22. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Meaningful vs. rote learning
Ref: Novak-Ca˜as (2006) on the theory and how to construct concept maps
n
13/41
23. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Maps, concepts, propositions and tagged arcs
Concept maps are graphical tools for organizing and representing
knowledge.
• A concept is a ‘perceived regularity in events or objects, or
records of events or objects, designated by a label’
(Novak-Ca˜as 2006).
n
• A proposition is meaningful statement obtained connecting
two or more concepts using linking words.
• Linking words are represented by tagged arcs.
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24. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Hierarchical fashion and cross-linking
In concept maps, general concepts are at the top of the map and
less general concepts are arranged hierarchically below.
Cross-links are links that put into relations concepts in different
segments or domains.
Note that in the previous map there were no cross-links, and the
map itself was very simple indeed.
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26. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to build a concept map
1. Start from a Focus Question, i.e. it should cleary states the issue as
an open problem or topic. Prefer “how” and “why” questions
(descriptive and explicative) to “what” or “who” ones (prescriptive
and classificatory). If the problem/topic is very hard, let an expert
in the field prepare an “expert skeleton” map.
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27. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to build a concept map
1. Start from a Focus Question, i.e. it should cleary states the issue as
an open problem or topic. Prefer “how” and “why” questions
(descriptive and explicative) to “what” or “who” ones (prescriptive
and classificatory). If the problem/topic is very hard, let an expert
in the field prepare an “expert skeleton” map.
2. Then build a list of concept as a parking lot, as a set of Post-its.
Avoid “sentences in the boxes”.
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28. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to build a concept map
1. Start from a Focus Question, i.e. it should cleary states the issue as
an open problem or topic. Prefer “how” and “why” questions
(descriptive and explicative) to “what” or “who” ones (prescriptive
and classificatory). If the problem/topic is very hard, let an expert
in the field prepare an “expert skeleton” map.
2. Then build a list of concept as a parking lot, as a set of Post-its.
Avoid “sentences in the boxes”.
3. Organize your concepts in domains (horizontal axis) and in
generality (vertical axis) and define the relations between them.
17/41
29. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to build a concept map
1. Start from a Focus Question, i.e. it should cleary states the issue as
an open problem or topic. Prefer “how” and “why” questions
(descriptive and explicative) to “what” or “who” ones (prescriptive
and classificatory). If the problem/topic is very hard, let an expert
in the field prepare an “expert skeleton” map.
2. Then build a list of concept as a parking lot, as a set of Post-its.
Avoid “sentences in the boxes”.
3. Organize your concepts in domains (horizontal axis) and in
generality (vertical axis) and define the relations between them.
4. Refine your concept map adding cross-links.
17/41
30. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to build a concept map
1. Start from a Focus Question, i.e. it should cleary states the issue as
an open problem or topic. Prefer “how” and “why” questions
(descriptive and explicative) to “what” or “who” ones (prescriptive
and classificatory). If the problem/topic is very hard, let an expert
in the field prepare an “expert skeleton” map.
2. Then build a list of concept as a parking lot, as a set of Post-its.
Avoid “sentences in the boxes”.
3. Organize your concepts in domains (horizontal axis) and in
generality (vertical axis) and define the relations between them.
4. Refine your concept map adding cross-links.
5. Eventually link your concept map with previous ones, so to
demonstrate that your understanding is not limited to a single
concept map, i.e. build a Knowledge Model (Ca˜as 2003).
n
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31. First phase: a parking lot spread from a focus question...
33. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Advantages of paper-and-pencil mind mapping
It’s easy. Take a A3 sheet of paper landscape and write the topic,
problem or subject in the center. Then place the BOIs and go
along.
They are perfect for single-user mapping, where you don’t share
the map itself – they may be even confusing to others, but clear
for you.
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34. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Disadvantages of paper-and-pencil mind mapping
It’s not easy to copy and share. It’s not easy to correct errors –
more important ideas should be close to the center. In fact, you
often don’t recognize BOIs at the first glance.
On the contrary, electronic maps may even be route maps to
resources as well (other maps, music, videos, etc.)
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35. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Radiant thinking
• Mind mapping begins from a central idea.
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36. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Radiant thinking
• Mind mapping begins from a central idea.
• Then related ideas radiate out from the center as branches.
They are called Basic Ordering Ideas (BOIs).
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37. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Radiant thinking
• Mind mapping begins from a central idea.
• Then related ideas radiate out from the center as branches.
They are called Basic Ordering Ideas (BOIs).
• Some branches give birth to minor branches, as minor themes
or particular and detailed ideas.
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38. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Radiant thinking
• Mind mapping begins from a central idea.
• Then related ideas radiate out from the center as branches.
They are called Basic Ordering Ideas (BOIs).
• Some branches give birth to minor branches, as minor themes
or particular and detailed ideas.
• Like neurons.
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39. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Mind mapping is fast and easy
A mind map is a tree structure of keywords and they relations. It
has a radiant shape and is much more rich in colours, pictures, and
drawings compared with concept or dialogue maps.
Human brains recognize shapes and drawings better than words
and numbers, so if you want to remember ideas give them a good
look.
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40. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Mind mapping is fast and easy
A mind map is a tree structure of keywords and they relations. It
has a radiant shape and is much more rich in colours, pictures, and
drawings compared with concept or dialogue maps.
Human brains recognize shapes and drawings better than words
and numbers, so if you want to remember ideas give them a good
look.
Be evocative.
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41. Mind mapping is a “human universal” (Brown, 1999)
A mind map by Charles Darwin on evolution (Buzan-Buzan, 2000
44. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
The risk with mind mapping is information noise!
A mind map has a loose syntax and semantics. Unlike concept and
dialogue maps, nodes hasn’t any a-priori type and their position in
the map is meaningless. Moreover, arcs are not taggable, and
relations are nodes as well.
The risk of mind mapping is to add useless informations in the
map itself, e.g. colours that have more than one meaning. This is
particularly true in collective maps.
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45. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Dialogue maps as solutions to wicked problems
Compendium is based on the conversational or dialogue mapping
approach and derived from Issue-Based Information System (IBIS).
Horst Rittel developed IBIS in the 1970s as a method to solve
wicked problems.
Unlike tame problems, in the case of wicked problems the problem
solving approach doesn’t fit.
Links (arcs) may be tagged as in the concept map approach.
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46. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Dialogue maps as group support
Dialogue mapping is particulary useful in groups, i.e. supporting
the continous dialogue among stakeholders in the problem in order
to reframe.
Every misunderstanding or disagreement should be reframed as an
issue or in an inquiry, avoiding the Answer Reflex (the loop
question-justification).
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47. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
How to reframe Questions...
As in the concept map approach, conversations in IBIS start from
a root Question, which may be decomposed in sub-Questions.
Questions should be:
1. clear, short, neutral (no “not”), unique (no “and” and “or”);
2. of the “wh” type or “how” (no “yes/no” questions);
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48. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
...placing Ideas...
Ideas are proposals for resolution of Questions. They should be
practical and small (Ideas Network).
They are linked to Questions.
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49. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
...in order to obtain Arguments
Arguments may either support (Pros) or object (Cons) Ideas.
Arguments are linked to Ideas.
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50. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Questions, Idea, Arguments
“The Bohr model of the rhetoric atom”
• Questions
• Ideas
• Arguments
• Pros
• Cons
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51. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Dialogue mapping made easy
Before every node content, write:
• “?” if it is a Question;
• “:” if it is an Idea;
• “+” if it is an Idea Pro;
• “-” if it is an Idea Con;
• “!” if it is a Decision.
34/41
52. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Putting together cognitive maps and wikis: demo
wikimaps.rubyforge.org 35/41
53. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Known mistakes made by beginners in mapping
More than one. The main mistake – in every cognitive mapping
approach – is not to analyse ideas, i.e. put more than one ideas in
a single node (for example, put a whole sentence in a node, instead
of chunking).
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54. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Known mistakes made by beginners in mapping
More than one. The main mistake – in every cognitive mapping
approach – is not to analyse ideas, i.e. put more than one ideas in
a single node (for example, put a whole sentence in a node, instead
of chunking).
Class error. A common mistake in concept maps is to put a node
either too high (abstract) or too low (concrete) in the map itself.
36/41
55. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Known mistakes made by beginners in mapping
More than one. The main mistake – in every cognitive mapping
approach – is not to analyse ideas, i.e. put more than one ideas in
a single node (for example, put a whole sentence in a node, instead
of chunking).
Class error. A common mistake in concept maps is to put a node
either too high (abstract) or too low (concrete) in the map itself.
Importance. A common mistake in mind maps is to put a node
either too distant (less important) or too close (more important)
to the center.
36/41
56. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Known mistakes made by beginners in mapping
More than one. The main mistake – in every cognitive mapping
approach – is not to analyse ideas, i.e. put more than one ideas in
a single node (for example, put a whole sentence in a node, instead
of chunking).
Class error. A common mistake in concept maps is to put a node
either too high (abstract) or too low (concrete) in the map itself.
Importance. A common mistake in mind maps is to put a node
either too distant (less important) or too close (more important)
to the center.
Wrong type. A common mistake in dialogue maps is to put a
Question in a Idea or using a Question node for judgements (false
questions).
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57. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
When cognitive mapping fail to help ubiquitous language
• if you are catched in either requirement or developing gold
plating;
• if you convey more than one concepts in the same node;
• if you want to establish once for all (the “Cinderella
Syndrom”);
• if you consider the technique as a silver bullet;
• if you forget the principle of simplicity!
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58. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
JooB enters the market!
A new way to improve your professional life!
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59. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
JooB enters the market!
A new way to improve your professional life!
Three groups: Domain Experts, Development Team One and
Development Team Two.
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60. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
A mind map of JooB made by ESSAP staff members...
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61. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Joob competitors to be analized by Domain Experts
• iHipo
• My Job
• The European Researcher’s Mobility Portal
• careerbuilder.com
• Monster
• EkLaboru!
• LinkedIn
• JobRapido
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62. Introduction Cognitive Mapping Concept Mapping Mind maps Dialogue Mapping Wikimaps! Conclusions
Thank you. Let’s work!
Download these slides at the following permalink:
http://purl.org/net/fgobbo
(cc) F. Gobbo 2007. Published in Italy.
Attribuzione – Non commerciale – Condividi allo stesso modo 2.5.
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