Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation
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joint work with Marco Benini and Jean Wagemans on Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation during the 5th Workshop on Advances in Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence (AI3 2021) in Milano-Bicocca, Italy, 29 November 2021.
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Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation
- 1. Complex Arguments in Adpositional Argumentation Federico Gobbo & Marco Benini & Jean H. M. Wagemans Contact: F.Gobbo@uva.nl 5th Workshop on Advances In Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence (AI3 2021) November 29, 2021, Milano-Bicocca, Italy 1
- 3. Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg) = PTA + CxAdGrams How it is made • PTA = Periodic Table of Arguments (J H M Wagemans) • CxAdGrams = Constructive Adpositional Grammars (F Gobbo & M Benini) 2
- 4. Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg) = PTA + CxAdGrams How it is made • PTA = Periodic Table of Arguments (J H M Wagemans) • CxAdGrams = Constructive Adpositional Grammars (F Gobbo & M Benini) Features • a new method for annotating argumentative discourse • argument reconstruction leaving the linguistic material intact • detailed representation of linguistic and pragmatic information 2
- 5. Adpositional Argumentation (AdArg) = PTA + CxAdGrams How it is made • PTA = Periodic Table of Arguments (J H M Wagemans) • CxAdGrams = Constructive Adpositional Grammars (F Gobbo & M Benini) Features • a new method for annotating argumentative discourse • argument reconstruction leaving the linguistic material intact • detailed representation of linguistic and pragmatic information Here, we focus on the building blocks • highest level of abstraction possible • hiding the linguistic details in the small triangles (△) 2
- 6. #1: Representing claims and minimal argument forms
- 7. Overview of abstract minimal arguments in the PTA Quadrant (Q) conclusion (σ) premise (π) retrogressive normal form α a is X a is Y a is X, because a is Y β a is X b is X a is X, because b is X γ q is ⊤ r is ⊤ q is ⊤, because r is ⊤ δ q is ⊤ q is Z q is ⊤, because q is Z 3
- 8. The abstract tree of claims △ σ a/is/X 4
- 9. Abstract trees of minimal argument forms △ π a/is/Y r → α Pta @ @ @ @ △ σ a/is/X △ π b/is/X r → β Pta @ @ @ @ △ σ a/is/X △ π r/is/⊤ r → γ Pta @ @ @ @ △ σ q/is/⊤ △ π q/is/Z r → δ Pta @ @ @ @ △ σ q/is/⊤ 5
- 10. Basic abstract trees of minimal argument forms: α, β, γ △ a|b|b r ← π @ @ @ @ △ Y|X|Y r → α|β|γ Pta @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ △ a r ← σ @ @ @ @ △ X 6
- 11. Basic abstract trees of minimal argument forms: δ △ a r ← q @ @ @ @ △ X r ← π @ @ @ @ △ Z r → δ Pta @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ △ a r ← σ @ @ @ @ △ X 7
- 12. #2: Representing complex argument forms
- 16. A real-world argument Source: Official website of the Periodic Table of Argument, https://periodic-table-of-arguments.org/periodic-table-of-arguments/alpha-quadrant/ argument-from-criterion/
- 17. The text of the real-world argument Unauthorized downloading is not theft, because unauthorized downloading does not deprive the original owner of the use of an object.
- 18. The adtree of the real-world example Source: Perspectives on Language and Communication 1, https://studiegids.uva.nl/xmlpages/page/2021-2022/zoek-vak/vak/86848
- 19. Discussion and further directions of research Work so far • an annotation of the discourse that reveals argumentation structures and patterns • annotation is pre-logical: it shows exactly where the logic comes in • it makes evident the point of attack of the way of reasoning 13
- 20. Discussion and further directions of research Work so far • an annotation of the discourse that reveals argumentation structures and patterns • annotation is pre-logical: it shows exactly where the logic comes in • it makes evident the point of attack of the way of reasoning Further work • an empirical analysis that comprises linguistic and pragmatic elements • building of corpora suitable for argument mining • eventually, Explainable AI 13
- 21. Thank You for Your Kind Attention! Any Questions? ] ] ] ] MORE RESEARCH HERE ] ] ] ] https://lancar.org/research-projects/ constructive-adpositional-argumentation-cxadarg/ ß Federico Gobbo (he/him), University of Amsterdam a f.gobbo@uva.nl Ŵ uva.nl/profile/f.gobbo Nj federicogobbo.name Social media profiles f linkedin.com/in/federicogobbo/ _ https://twitter.com/goberiko İ facebook.com/federico.gobbo q instagram.com/la.profesoro § slideshare.net/goberiko Messaging apps Ŷ ID Telegram goberiko ¦ ID WeChat goberiko