Why worry about revenue and expense recognition?
Why not just recognize revenue when cash is received and expense when cash is paid?
It would be much easier, but would it be better?
Do you think nonprofits worry about revenues and expenses? Why?
2. Choose two concepts/topics you learned from the chapter that you found most interesting. Please briefly explain the concepts and why you found them to be the most interesting.
notes
Here is your reading list for this week:
Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What the Numbers Really Mean
Free download
from Antioch University Library use your AU ID and password for access.
Part Two: The (Many) Peculiarities Of The Income Statement
Topic 5: Profit Is an Estimate
Topic 6: Cracking the Code of the Income Statement
Topics 7: Revenue: The Issue is Recognition
Topic 8: Costs and Expenses: No Hard and Fast Rules
Topic 9: The Many Forms of Profit
Part Two Tool Box:
Understanding the Variance
Profits at Nonprofits
A Quick Review: Percent of and Percent Change
Study Notes and Reflection
Supplemental Differences Between Profit and Nonprofit Reporting: Fund Accounting
Supplemental Nonprofit Income Statement
Lecture Notes
The income statement is also known as the Profit and Loss Statement, P&L, Operating Statement, Earnings statement, and a few other names. At its most basic, this statement is a company’s revenues, expenses, and the difference between the two. The difference is called net income.
It is important to note that revenues and profits are not the same as cash. Revenues include amounts earned which may or may not have been collected from customers yet. There could be amounts that customers had paid at an earlier time but have just been earned. There could be estimates and assumptions included as well.
Expenses are not necessarily amounts that have been paid. They include expenses that have been incurred but may be paid later. There may also be amounts that were paid in an earlier time-period but are now being recognized due to the matching of revenues and expenses. Estimates and assumptions are also present in expenses.
Net income is sometimes called the bottom line. It is revenues minus expenses. If expenses are more than revenues, it is called net loss. There may be important subtotals presented in the income statement such as gross profit. This subtotal is sometimes called the line. Gross profit is net sales minus cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold are costs or expenses directly related to sales such as direct labor, direct materials and overhead.
Each statement will have a heading. It includes the company name, statement name and the time-period covered. An income statement covers a span of time. It is usually a company’s fiscal year but can be for shorter periods such as a month or quarter (three months).
Weekly Commentary:
The section outline below highlights the main points of each section of your text, Financial .
A1 Experiential Learning Project Apply the Design Thinking App.docxdaniahendric
A1: Experiential Learning Project:
Apply the Design Thinking Approach to the creation of a new service and prepare a presentation of the entire process.
The presentation should include all the following major steps of Design Thinking Approach:
a) Understand. Referring to available sources (own experience, outside experts …) research the status quo on
the concept you would like to develop
b) Observe: conduct an ethnographic research by firsthand observation of potential users
c) Ideate: create as many ideas as possible (use techniques as brainstorming). Select the most promising idea
d) Prototype: translate the idea into a simple representation of the app
e) Test: the model with target users. Interact with them. Observe their reactions and behavior and collect
feed-backs to refine the concept
f) The work should also include the marketing plan of the new service.
Outcome requirements:
The slide/visual presentation (format can be selected by the team) will contain the steps in the agenda
mentioned above and it will present the service concept. A visual representation of the service is mandatory.
The Experiential Learning Project will be scored across four (4) attributes based on:
a) Applying the Design Thinking Model. For this first score, the instructor will assess the extent to which
students are able to apply the model into a simulated-real life situation
b) Transforming observations and data into usable information. For this second score, the instructor will
evaluate the extent to which students were able to organize information collected on field analysis in a
presentable fashion (i.e., table, figures, videos …)
c) Creativity: For the third score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to apply
creativity in a new service development and into the presentation itself
d) Original Results: For the fourth score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to
apply the innovation drivers to their project
**********EXAMPLE************
This class was maybe the most troublesome of some other class I have taken at TUI. Be that as it may, I can say I have left with a superior comprehension of Principles of Accounting. The inside and out readings of how to comprehend organizations money related wellbeing was exceptionally enlightening, yet for the present minute isn't important to what I do.
An idea that was precious to me was opportunity costs. They comprise of decisions that make substitute occasions inside people. For myself being a dad of three, officer, and understudy, I in some cases feel that I am out of luck, yet l still figure out how to get past this voyage called life. Deciding to plan something that is going for require penances is a lot of merited, and can have an advantageous effect whenever finished.
The SLP for Module 3 was intriguing on the grounds that as customers, we investigate the "four P's" constantly while shopping. Being from a little Pacific island, regardless we use ...
Module 2 - BackgroundPrinciples of AccountingConsider that acc.docxroushhsiu
Module 2 - Background
Principles of Accounting
Consider that accounting terms are not always obvious in their meanings. If you are learning terminology or need to clarify a vocabulary item, a good reference for accounting terms is:
New York Society of Certified Public Accountants (2017) Accounting Terminology Guide - Over 1,000 Accounting and Finance Terms. Retrieved from: http://www.nysscpa.org/professional-resources/accounting-terminology-guide#sthash.UMS3kGjf.dpbs
For a glossary of general business terms:
Berry, T. (n.d.) Business terms glossary. BPlans. Retrieved from http://articles.bplans.com/business-term-glossary/
The Annual Report
The annual report is the way a firm summarizes its performance over the past year and where it sets a vision for the future. Publicly held companies (traded on the stock exchange) must prepare annual reports, and annual reports are usually public documents. Investors and the general public use annual reports as sources of information about the financial health of a company. We will be learning about reading annual reports to learn general accounting principles in the context of learning about a company and the industry in which it operates. Although we will not discuss all sections of an annual report, we will touch on the sections that have the most relevance to providing the HRM professional with the most helpful insights into the operations of the firm.
Front matter
This is largely text material that sets the stage for the quantitative data that follows.
The Opening letter to the Shareholders
The opening letter is generally the first section of the annual report and is a statement by the chairman of the board. The letter sets the stage for how the firm’s management wants you to view the report and the previous year’s performance, and so in this sense sets the “strategic intent” of the report. A careful reading of the letter can give context to the numbers that follow by giving you clues of what to look for in terms of goals met – or problems that prevented goal attainment. The firm may be on the verge of explosive growth, or a meltdown.
Sales and Marketing
This section covers the company’s product/service line. Typically, it also contains descriptions of key departments or groups and the work they do. By reading this section, you can deduce what products or services are most important to the firm and which divisions are seen as most critical to its success. This section can also give you clues as to what the future may hold.
The Auditor’s Letter
You might be tempted to skip this section, because it probably seems superfluous (like the terms and conditions acknowledgment on software updates. You know you don’t read those!). However, you should know that by law, a publicly traded firm needs to be independently audited every year. This is to protect the investor, and the auditors will state whether or not the data the company presents is accurate and if they have sufficient controls in place to prevent frau ...
Due WednesdayDiscussion Requirements Your weekly discussion p.docxinfantkimber
Due Wednesday
Discussion Requirements:
Your weekly discussion posts should be at least a paragraph (150 to 300 words) for each topic listed. In addition, you are required to post at least two responses to other students’ comments in each discussion-question thread by Sunday Night.
Part 1: By Wednesday night: Answer the following questions:
The financial news is always about income and income projections. If everyone including taxing authorities are so interested in net income, why is this section titled The Balance Sheet Reveals the Most?
Choose two concepts/topics you learned from this section that you found most interesting or confusing? Please briefly explain the concepts and why you found them to be the most interesting.
Lecture Notes
The balance sheet is a snapshot of a company’s financial position. It shows the items of economic value (assets) a company owns, what is owed to creditors (liabilities), and what is owed to owners (equity). It is the balance sheet because it represents a company’s accounting equation: assets = liabilities + equity. Equations must always balance.
This statement also has a heading. It starts with the company name. The statement name comes next. The last line is the time-period covered. A balance sheet only represents a date. Therefore, it is called a snapshot.
Estimates and assumptions are present in the balance sheet. Cash is the only account that will not contain estimates and assumptions. Allowance for bad debt or allowance for doubtful accounts is an estimate of how much of the accounts receivable will not be collected. Accumulated depreciation is an account used to help spread the cost of a long-term, tangible asset over its useful economic life. It is an estimate that assumes the life term of an asset.
Intangible assets such as franchises, copyrights and trademarks are amortized. Amortization is the process of spreading the cost of an intangible asset over its useful or legal life. It is also an estimate based on an assumption.
Most of the time, assets and liabilities on the balance sheet are split between short-term and long-term. Short-term are assets that can be converted to cash within a year. Short-term liabilities are those that can be paid within a year. Long-term are those items that will take longer than a year to collect or pay. Long-term assets are frequently presented in more categories: Investments, Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE), Natural Resources, Intangible assets.
As mentioned in the introduction, nonprofit balance sheets are called statements of financial position. The name alone will not identify the statement as a nonprofit statement because for profit statements are often referred to as statements of financial position. They both cover assets, liabilities, and equity. There will also be a difference in focus. A regular for profit entity focuses on revenue generation. A nonprofit balance sheet will focus on the sources of funds.
The Balance Sheet Reveals the M.
Chapter 4 THE ADJUSTMENT PROCESSPrinciples of Accounting, VoWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 4 THE ADJUSTMENT PROCESS
Principles of Accounting, Volume 1: Financial Accounting
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
Chapter Outline
4.1 Explain the Concepts and Guidelines Affecting Adjusting Entries
4.2 Discuss the Adjustment Process and Illustrate Common Types of Adjusting Entries
4.3 Record and Post the Common Types of Adjusting Entries
4.4 Use the Ledger Balances to Prepare an Adjusted Trial Balance
4.5 Prepare Financial Statements Using the Adjusted Trial Balance
Module 4.1 Explain the Concepts and Guidelines Affecting Adjusting
Entries
Public companies use either US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations.
Companies, public or private, using US GAAP or IFRS prepare their financial statements using the rules of accrual accounting.
With accrual basis accounting, revenues and expenses are recorded in the accounting period in which they were earned or incurred, no matter when cash receipts or payments occur. Individually, these are the revenue recognition principle and the expense recognition principle. Collectively they are known as the matching principle.
The accrual method standardizes reporting information for comparability purposes.
Comparable information is important to external users of information trying to make investment or lending decisions, and to internal users trying to make decisions about company performance, budgeting, and growth strategies.
Some nonpublic companies may choose to use cash basis accounting rather than accrual basis accounting to report financial information.
Teacher Notes: In this chapter, we look at Steps 5, 6, and 7 of the accounting cycle, but to understand why these stages occur, it is first necessary to understand the following concepts: accrual accounting, accounting period, and calendar versus fiscal year.
3
An accounting period breaks down company financial information into specific time spans and can cover a month, a quarter, a half-year, or a full year.
Public companies governed by GAAP are required to present quarterly (three-month) accounting period financial statements called 10-Qs.
Most public and private companies keep monthly, quarterly, and yearly (annual) period information. This is helpful for users needing up-to-date financial data to make decisions about company investment and growth.
Accounting Period
A company may choose its yearly reporting period to be based on a calendar or fiscal year.
A calendar year shows financial data from January 1 to December 31 of a specific year.
A fiscal year is a twelve-month reporting cycle that can begin in any month and records financial data for that consecutive twelve-month period.
An interim period is any reporting period shorter than a full year (fiscal or calendar). They can be monthly, quarterly, or half-year statements. The information contained on these statements is timelier than waiting for ...
Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of Chapter 6 you will b.docxsmile790243
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of Chapter 6 you will be able to:
• Understand the importance of incremental after-tax cash flows.
• Be able to estimate incremental after-tax cash flows.
• Be able to calculate the tax consequences on an asset sale.
• Understand why sunk costs do not matter in capital budgeting.
• Know the three categories of cash flows typically seen in an investment proposal.
Relevant Cash Flows for
Capital Budgeting
6
iStockphoto/Thinkstock
byr80656_06_c06_141-160.indd 141 3/28/13 3:32 PM
CHAPTER 6Section 6.1 How to Compute Cash Flows
A company’s very first goal is staying financially healthy; a bankrupt company helps no one, neither owners nor employees nor customers. Financial health requires that bills and debts be paid in full and on time. This is done with cash. Cash
is what lets a company keep its doors open and the lights on. Cash keeps the machines
running, the raw materials flowing into factories, and the finished goods flowing out.
In Chapter 2 we explained why cash flow is more important than accounting profits. We
repeat that message here because it is so important. A company cannot pay its employ-
ees, suppliers, banks, or tax agencies with net income. Those entities only accept cash. In
Chapter 2 we also explained why cash flow and accounting profit (net income or profit
after tax) differ. As a quick reminder, it has to do with how revenue is recognized, how
costs are matched to sales, and how some costs are allocated over time via depreciation.
In this chapter we expand the discussion of cash flow to exactly which type of cash flows
we use when analyzing investment opportunities or determining a company’s financial
health. We draw on accounting, tax rules, and economic theory to arrive at the appropri-
ate cash flows for financial analysis. In a corporate setting, investment analysis is called
capital budgeting: the decision about how to best budget investment capital to create
wealth for shareholders.
6.1 How to Compute Cash Flows
We discussed how to use accounting statements to estimate cash flows in Chapter 2. There we showed a simple approach that gave a reasonable approximation in most cases and a more complete approach. The simple approach just added
depreciation expense back to net income to find an estimate of cash flow. This approach is
usually fairly close to the exact value because depreciation is usually the primary account
that causes net income and cash flow to differ.
The more complete approach begins with net income and subtracts increases in assets and
adds increases in liabilities. Note that depreciation expense will be included in changes in
fixed assets or property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), so is not treated separately as it was
in the simple approach. If you are not comfortable with translating accounting data into
cash flows, be sure to review the more detailed description of the process in Chapter 2.
The appropriate cash flows for eval ...
A1 Experiential Learning Project Apply the Design Thinking App.docxdaniahendric
A1: Experiential Learning Project:
Apply the Design Thinking Approach to the creation of a new service and prepare a presentation of the entire process.
The presentation should include all the following major steps of Design Thinking Approach:
a) Understand. Referring to available sources (own experience, outside experts …) research the status quo on
the concept you would like to develop
b) Observe: conduct an ethnographic research by firsthand observation of potential users
c) Ideate: create as many ideas as possible (use techniques as brainstorming). Select the most promising idea
d) Prototype: translate the idea into a simple representation of the app
e) Test: the model with target users. Interact with them. Observe their reactions and behavior and collect
feed-backs to refine the concept
f) The work should also include the marketing plan of the new service.
Outcome requirements:
The slide/visual presentation (format can be selected by the team) will contain the steps in the agenda
mentioned above and it will present the service concept. A visual representation of the service is mandatory.
The Experiential Learning Project will be scored across four (4) attributes based on:
a) Applying the Design Thinking Model. For this first score, the instructor will assess the extent to which
students are able to apply the model into a simulated-real life situation
b) Transforming observations and data into usable information. For this second score, the instructor will
evaluate the extent to which students were able to organize information collected on field analysis in a
presentable fashion (i.e., table, figures, videos …)
c) Creativity: For the third score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to apply
creativity in a new service development and into the presentation itself
d) Original Results: For the fourth score, the instructor will assess the extent to which students are able to
apply the innovation drivers to their project
**********EXAMPLE************
This class was maybe the most troublesome of some other class I have taken at TUI. Be that as it may, I can say I have left with a superior comprehension of Principles of Accounting. The inside and out readings of how to comprehend organizations money related wellbeing was exceptionally enlightening, yet for the present minute isn't important to what I do.
An idea that was precious to me was opportunity costs. They comprise of decisions that make substitute occasions inside people. For myself being a dad of three, officer, and understudy, I in some cases feel that I am out of luck, yet l still figure out how to get past this voyage called life. Deciding to plan something that is going for require penances is a lot of merited, and can have an advantageous effect whenever finished.
The SLP for Module 3 was intriguing on the grounds that as customers, we investigate the "four P's" constantly while shopping. Being from a little Pacific island, regardless we use ...
Module 2 - BackgroundPrinciples of AccountingConsider that acc.docxroushhsiu
Module 2 - Background
Principles of Accounting
Consider that accounting terms are not always obvious in their meanings. If you are learning terminology or need to clarify a vocabulary item, a good reference for accounting terms is:
New York Society of Certified Public Accountants (2017) Accounting Terminology Guide - Over 1,000 Accounting and Finance Terms. Retrieved from: http://www.nysscpa.org/professional-resources/accounting-terminology-guide#sthash.UMS3kGjf.dpbs
For a glossary of general business terms:
Berry, T. (n.d.) Business terms glossary. BPlans. Retrieved from http://articles.bplans.com/business-term-glossary/
The Annual Report
The annual report is the way a firm summarizes its performance over the past year and where it sets a vision for the future. Publicly held companies (traded on the stock exchange) must prepare annual reports, and annual reports are usually public documents. Investors and the general public use annual reports as sources of information about the financial health of a company. We will be learning about reading annual reports to learn general accounting principles in the context of learning about a company and the industry in which it operates. Although we will not discuss all sections of an annual report, we will touch on the sections that have the most relevance to providing the HRM professional with the most helpful insights into the operations of the firm.
Front matter
This is largely text material that sets the stage for the quantitative data that follows.
The Opening letter to the Shareholders
The opening letter is generally the first section of the annual report and is a statement by the chairman of the board. The letter sets the stage for how the firm’s management wants you to view the report and the previous year’s performance, and so in this sense sets the “strategic intent” of the report. A careful reading of the letter can give context to the numbers that follow by giving you clues of what to look for in terms of goals met – or problems that prevented goal attainment. The firm may be on the verge of explosive growth, or a meltdown.
Sales and Marketing
This section covers the company’s product/service line. Typically, it also contains descriptions of key departments or groups and the work they do. By reading this section, you can deduce what products or services are most important to the firm and which divisions are seen as most critical to its success. This section can also give you clues as to what the future may hold.
The Auditor’s Letter
You might be tempted to skip this section, because it probably seems superfluous (like the terms and conditions acknowledgment on software updates. You know you don’t read those!). However, you should know that by law, a publicly traded firm needs to be independently audited every year. This is to protect the investor, and the auditors will state whether or not the data the company presents is accurate and if they have sufficient controls in place to prevent frau ...
Due WednesdayDiscussion Requirements Your weekly discussion p.docxinfantkimber
Due Wednesday
Discussion Requirements:
Your weekly discussion posts should be at least a paragraph (150 to 300 words) for each topic listed. In addition, you are required to post at least two responses to other students’ comments in each discussion-question thread by Sunday Night.
Part 1: By Wednesday night: Answer the following questions:
The financial news is always about income and income projections. If everyone including taxing authorities are so interested in net income, why is this section titled The Balance Sheet Reveals the Most?
Choose two concepts/topics you learned from this section that you found most interesting or confusing? Please briefly explain the concepts and why you found them to be the most interesting.
Lecture Notes
The balance sheet is a snapshot of a company’s financial position. It shows the items of economic value (assets) a company owns, what is owed to creditors (liabilities), and what is owed to owners (equity). It is the balance sheet because it represents a company’s accounting equation: assets = liabilities + equity. Equations must always balance.
This statement also has a heading. It starts with the company name. The statement name comes next. The last line is the time-period covered. A balance sheet only represents a date. Therefore, it is called a snapshot.
Estimates and assumptions are present in the balance sheet. Cash is the only account that will not contain estimates and assumptions. Allowance for bad debt or allowance for doubtful accounts is an estimate of how much of the accounts receivable will not be collected. Accumulated depreciation is an account used to help spread the cost of a long-term, tangible asset over its useful economic life. It is an estimate that assumes the life term of an asset.
Intangible assets such as franchises, copyrights and trademarks are amortized. Amortization is the process of spreading the cost of an intangible asset over its useful or legal life. It is also an estimate based on an assumption.
Most of the time, assets and liabilities on the balance sheet are split between short-term and long-term. Short-term are assets that can be converted to cash within a year. Short-term liabilities are those that can be paid within a year. Long-term are those items that will take longer than a year to collect or pay. Long-term assets are frequently presented in more categories: Investments, Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE), Natural Resources, Intangible assets.
As mentioned in the introduction, nonprofit balance sheets are called statements of financial position. The name alone will not identify the statement as a nonprofit statement because for profit statements are often referred to as statements of financial position. They both cover assets, liabilities, and equity. There will also be a difference in focus. A regular for profit entity focuses on revenue generation. A nonprofit balance sheet will focus on the sources of funds.
The Balance Sheet Reveals the M.
Chapter 4 THE ADJUSTMENT PROCESSPrinciples of Accounting, VoWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 4 THE ADJUSTMENT PROCESS
Principles of Accounting, Volume 1: Financial Accounting
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
Chapter Outline
4.1 Explain the Concepts and Guidelines Affecting Adjusting Entries
4.2 Discuss the Adjustment Process and Illustrate Common Types of Adjusting Entries
4.3 Record and Post the Common Types of Adjusting Entries
4.4 Use the Ledger Balances to Prepare an Adjusted Trial Balance
4.5 Prepare Financial Statements Using the Adjusted Trial Balance
Module 4.1 Explain the Concepts and Guidelines Affecting Adjusting
Entries
Public companies use either US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations.
Companies, public or private, using US GAAP or IFRS prepare their financial statements using the rules of accrual accounting.
With accrual basis accounting, revenues and expenses are recorded in the accounting period in which they were earned or incurred, no matter when cash receipts or payments occur. Individually, these are the revenue recognition principle and the expense recognition principle. Collectively they are known as the matching principle.
The accrual method standardizes reporting information for comparability purposes.
Comparable information is important to external users of information trying to make investment or lending decisions, and to internal users trying to make decisions about company performance, budgeting, and growth strategies.
Some nonpublic companies may choose to use cash basis accounting rather than accrual basis accounting to report financial information.
Teacher Notes: In this chapter, we look at Steps 5, 6, and 7 of the accounting cycle, but to understand why these stages occur, it is first necessary to understand the following concepts: accrual accounting, accounting period, and calendar versus fiscal year.
3
An accounting period breaks down company financial information into specific time spans and can cover a month, a quarter, a half-year, or a full year.
Public companies governed by GAAP are required to present quarterly (three-month) accounting period financial statements called 10-Qs.
Most public and private companies keep monthly, quarterly, and yearly (annual) period information. This is helpful for users needing up-to-date financial data to make decisions about company investment and growth.
Accounting Period
A company may choose its yearly reporting period to be based on a calendar or fiscal year.
A calendar year shows financial data from January 1 to December 31 of a specific year.
A fiscal year is a twelve-month reporting cycle that can begin in any month and records financial data for that consecutive twelve-month period.
An interim period is any reporting period shorter than a full year (fiscal or calendar). They can be monthly, quarterly, or half-year statements. The information contained on these statements is timelier than waiting for ...
Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of Chapter 6 you will b.docxsmile790243
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of Chapter 6 you will be able to:
• Understand the importance of incremental after-tax cash flows.
• Be able to estimate incremental after-tax cash flows.
• Be able to calculate the tax consequences on an asset sale.
• Understand why sunk costs do not matter in capital budgeting.
• Know the three categories of cash flows typically seen in an investment proposal.
Relevant Cash Flows for
Capital Budgeting
6
iStockphoto/Thinkstock
byr80656_06_c06_141-160.indd 141 3/28/13 3:32 PM
CHAPTER 6Section 6.1 How to Compute Cash Flows
A company’s very first goal is staying financially healthy; a bankrupt company helps no one, neither owners nor employees nor customers. Financial health requires that bills and debts be paid in full and on time. This is done with cash. Cash
is what lets a company keep its doors open and the lights on. Cash keeps the machines
running, the raw materials flowing into factories, and the finished goods flowing out.
In Chapter 2 we explained why cash flow is more important than accounting profits. We
repeat that message here because it is so important. A company cannot pay its employ-
ees, suppliers, banks, or tax agencies with net income. Those entities only accept cash. In
Chapter 2 we also explained why cash flow and accounting profit (net income or profit
after tax) differ. As a quick reminder, it has to do with how revenue is recognized, how
costs are matched to sales, and how some costs are allocated over time via depreciation.
In this chapter we expand the discussion of cash flow to exactly which type of cash flows
we use when analyzing investment opportunities or determining a company’s financial
health. We draw on accounting, tax rules, and economic theory to arrive at the appropri-
ate cash flows for financial analysis. In a corporate setting, investment analysis is called
capital budgeting: the decision about how to best budget investment capital to create
wealth for shareholders.
6.1 How to Compute Cash Flows
We discussed how to use accounting statements to estimate cash flows in Chapter 2. There we showed a simple approach that gave a reasonable approximation in most cases and a more complete approach. The simple approach just added
depreciation expense back to net income to find an estimate of cash flow. This approach is
usually fairly close to the exact value because depreciation is usually the primary account
that causes net income and cash flow to differ.
The more complete approach begins with net income and subtracts increases in assets and
adds increases in liabilities. Note that depreciation expense will be included in changes in
fixed assets or property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), so is not treated separately as it was
in the simple approach. If you are not comfortable with translating accounting data into
cash flows, be sure to review the more detailed description of the process in Chapter 2.
The appropriate cash flows for eval ...
Financial plan and controll entrepreneurshipfatimanajam4
This file is uploaded to help the students learning finance easier. It will give a general understanding of planning and controlling of financial resources.
This powerpoint presentation is created by Gyanbikash.com for the students of class nine to ten from their accounting NCTB textbook for multimedia class.
Case Study Title
DateCourseInstructor
Introduction
An introduction is used to let the reader know:
· The main entity or entities involved
· The major question or issue being analyzed
Introductions for case studies in this course should be one paragraph in length.
Background
This is a brief overview of the main problems or questions involved. Historical information can be used as long as it has a direct bearing on the items being analyzed. Provide enough description that a reader that is unfamiliar with the case will understand the context of your analysis. For this course, background information should be two to three paragraphs in length, maximum.Discussion
The discussion includes an analysis of each problem or question. The analysis can include:
· The problem or question and its impact on the main entities involved.
· How the problem or question is linked to the topics we have discussed or read to this point.
· How the problem or question is linked to best practices in industry.
· A solution or multiple solutions and an evaluation of those solutions.
In this course the case studies will have at least one major problem or question. There may be secondary problems or questions but there will be, at most, one or two secondary issues. Use as much space as necessary to provide a rational analysis but if there are more than four or five paragraphs for a given question the analysis needs to be reviewed and made more concise.
Conclusion
Summarize your solutions and describe how those solutions improve the current situation or resolve the problems in the case. The conclusion should be one to two paragraphs.
References
All references must be properly cited and referenced using APA format. Refer to the syllabus for tutorials and resources on using APA format.
PAGE 2
Week 5: Lesson
Budgeting
Introduction
Budgeting is a very important part of the managerial role of any department manager. A budget helps the department establish the amount of money it will need in order to operate for a fiscal year. By creating a budget, this guarantees that your department will get a piece of the pie for general operating costs, and in some cases, proposed projects. If your budget is approved, you can breathe easy, knowing that you have the money that you need to operate your department for the next year.
Traditional organizational budgets & accounting systems are activity-oriented, with expenses gathered and reported by organizational units. IT Budgets represents a large organizational strategic investment for many corporations; hence, it is critical for IT managers, CIO, and CFO to understand what needs to be considered in creating an IT departmental budget.
Budgeting is not always an easy process simply because it requires good working knowledge and understanding of the financial aspects of the organization. Depending on the type of organization for which you work, the budget might serve as a profit plan. In other organizations like nonpro ...
Jimmy Gentry presents "The Income Statement and Cash Flows" in Minneapolis on Oct. 4, 2011 at the Star Tribune during the Reynolds Center's free workshop, "Business Journalism Boot Camp."
For more information about free training for business journalists, please visit businessjournalism.org.
I am Bharti Rawal. My age is 40. My stream is commerce. I do blogging and my blog name is Learn-Fun-Knowledge. My concept of blogging was, I have learnt the lesson from Google that we should help each other. Learn-Fun-Knowledge wants to tell people that Google was not a cheater and so we are not too. So here we share the content which is relevant and useful for users. Learn-fun-Knowledge thinks about the users, not about the marketing. We provide good content so keep reading up.
will choose ONE of the following essay questions to answer1.docxgauthierleppington
will choose
ONE
of the following essay questions to answer:
1) Discuss the claim that Psychology is a science, using a specific psychological research study from the field of Psychology to support your argument.
2) Referring to a specific research study, discuss why it is important for researchers to consider research ethics.3) Using the example of a psychological research study, discuss a theoretical model or approach that underpins the field of psychology
.
Will China Continue to Be a Growth MarketplaceChina is expected.docxgauthierleppington
Will China Continue to Be a Growth Marketplace?
China is expected to have some 200 million people in the middle-and upper-income categories by the early 2020s. This is a tenfold increase in people with significant purchasing power in China in the last decade, from only about 17 million people in these income brackets as recently as in 2010. China’s purchasing power for virtually all products and services has strong potential, and foreign companies now strategically try to take advantage of these market opportunities.
What have we learned culturally that can help companies establish themselves in China’s marketplace? What went wrong early on? The experience of well-known companies such as Best Buy and eBay can serve as a learning experience for others. From a retail perspective, the motivation for many foreign companies to enter China some years ago – beyond those companies that have been in China for decades to achieve low-cost production-was the triple growth of the Chinse economy that was seen from 2000 to 2010.
With this growth, China overlook Japan to become the second-largest economy in the world behind only the United States, and its large population makes for an enormous target market. Investment from foreign companies was the largest driver of China’s growth. Many companies also increased their exports to China. The United States, for example, saw its companies increase exports to China by 542 percent from 2000 to 2011 (from about $16.2 billion to $103.9 billion), while total exports to the rest of the world by U.S. companies increased by only 80 percent in the same time period. Exporting to China has become somewhat stagnant in the last few years, now representing about $113 billion.
Interestingly, domestic consumption as a share of the Chinese economy has declined from 46 percent to 33 percent. This consumption decline-coupled with slower growth globally-has raised questions about China’s momentum. Tight now, around 85 percent of mainstream Chinese consumers are living in the top 100 wealthiest cities. By the early 2020s, these advanced and developing cities will have relatively few customers who are lower than the middle-and upper-income brackets by Chinese standards. The expectation is that these consumers will be able to afford a range of developed nations’ products and services, such as flat-screen televisions and overseas travel, making the Chinese customer much more of a target for a wide variety of consumption.
But can the unprecedented Chinese growth really continue, and would it come from increased consumption? The resounding answer is yes, according to McKinsey & Company. McKinsey found that barring another major economic shock similar to what we saw in 2008, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) will continue to grow, albeit not at the historic levels seen between 2000 and 2010, when it grew about 10.4 percent annually. The growth in the 2020s is expected to be about 5.5 percent per year (until 2030), which is still far a.
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Financial plan and controll entrepreneurshipfatimanajam4
This file is uploaded to help the students learning finance easier. It will give a general understanding of planning and controlling of financial resources.
This powerpoint presentation is created by Gyanbikash.com for the students of class nine to ten from their accounting NCTB textbook for multimedia class.
Case Study Title
DateCourseInstructor
Introduction
An introduction is used to let the reader know:
· The main entity or entities involved
· The major question or issue being analyzed
Introductions for case studies in this course should be one paragraph in length.
Background
This is a brief overview of the main problems or questions involved. Historical information can be used as long as it has a direct bearing on the items being analyzed. Provide enough description that a reader that is unfamiliar with the case will understand the context of your analysis. For this course, background information should be two to three paragraphs in length, maximum.Discussion
The discussion includes an analysis of each problem or question. The analysis can include:
· The problem or question and its impact on the main entities involved.
· How the problem or question is linked to the topics we have discussed or read to this point.
· How the problem or question is linked to best practices in industry.
· A solution or multiple solutions and an evaluation of those solutions.
In this course the case studies will have at least one major problem or question. There may be secondary problems or questions but there will be, at most, one or two secondary issues. Use as much space as necessary to provide a rational analysis but if there are more than four or five paragraphs for a given question the analysis needs to be reviewed and made more concise.
Conclusion
Summarize your solutions and describe how those solutions improve the current situation or resolve the problems in the case. The conclusion should be one to two paragraphs.
References
All references must be properly cited and referenced using APA format. Refer to the syllabus for tutorials and resources on using APA format.
PAGE 2
Week 5: Lesson
Budgeting
Introduction
Budgeting is a very important part of the managerial role of any department manager. A budget helps the department establish the amount of money it will need in order to operate for a fiscal year. By creating a budget, this guarantees that your department will get a piece of the pie for general operating costs, and in some cases, proposed projects. If your budget is approved, you can breathe easy, knowing that you have the money that you need to operate your department for the next year.
Traditional organizational budgets & accounting systems are activity-oriented, with expenses gathered and reported by organizational units. IT Budgets represents a large organizational strategic investment for many corporations; hence, it is critical for IT managers, CIO, and CFO to understand what needs to be considered in creating an IT departmental budget.
Budgeting is not always an easy process simply because it requires good working knowledge and understanding of the financial aspects of the organization. Depending on the type of organization for which you work, the budget might serve as a profit plan. In other organizations like nonpro ...
Jimmy Gentry presents "The Income Statement and Cash Flows" in Minneapolis on Oct. 4, 2011 at the Star Tribune during the Reynolds Center's free workshop, "Business Journalism Boot Camp."
For more information about free training for business journalists, please visit businessjournalism.org.
I am Bharti Rawal. My age is 40. My stream is commerce. I do blogging and my blog name is Learn-Fun-Knowledge. My concept of blogging was, I have learnt the lesson from Google that we should help each other. Learn-Fun-Knowledge wants to tell people that Google was not a cheater and so we are not too. So here we share the content which is relevant and useful for users. Learn-fun-Knowledge thinks about the users, not about the marketing. We provide good content so keep reading up.
will choose ONE of the following essay questions to answer1.docxgauthierleppington
will choose
ONE
of the following essay questions to answer:
1) Discuss the claim that Psychology is a science, using a specific psychological research study from the field of Psychology to support your argument.
2) Referring to a specific research study, discuss why it is important for researchers to consider research ethics.3) Using the example of a psychological research study, discuss a theoretical model or approach that underpins the field of psychology
.
Will China Continue to Be a Growth MarketplaceChina is expected.docxgauthierleppington
Will China Continue to Be a Growth Marketplace?
China is expected to have some 200 million people in the middle-and upper-income categories by the early 2020s. This is a tenfold increase in people with significant purchasing power in China in the last decade, from only about 17 million people in these income brackets as recently as in 2010. China’s purchasing power for virtually all products and services has strong potential, and foreign companies now strategically try to take advantage of these market opportunities.
What have we learned culturally that can help companies establish themselves in China’s marketplace? What went wrong early on? The experience of well-known companies such as Best Buy and eBay can serve as a learning experience for others. From a retail perspective, the motivation for many foreign companies to enter China some years ago – beyond those companies that have been in China for decades to achieve low-cost production-was the triple growth of the Chinse economy that was seen from 2000 to 2010.
With this growth, China overlook Japan to become the second-largest economy in the world behind only the United States, and its large population makes for an enormous target market. Investment from foreign companies was the largest driver of China’s growth. Many companies also increased their exports to China. The United States, for example, saw its companies increase exports to China by 542 percent from 2000 to 2011 (from about $16.2 billion to $103.9 billion), while total exports to the rest of the world by U.S. companies increased by only 80 percent in the same time period. Exporting to China has become somewhat stagnant in the last few years, now representing about $113 billion.
Interestingly, domestic consumption as a share of the Chinese economy has declined from 46 percent to 33 percent. This consumption decline-coupled with slower growth globally-has raised questions about China’s momentum. Tight now, around 85 percent of mainstream Chinese consumers are living in the top 100 wealthiest cities. By the early 2020s, these advanced and developing cities will have relatively few customers who are lower than the middle-and upper-income brackets by Chinese standards. The expectation is that these consumers will be able to afford a range of developed nations’ products and services, such as flat-screen televisions and overseas travel, making the Chinese customer much more of a target for a wide variety of consumption.
But can the unprecedented Chinese growth really continue, and would it come from increased consumption? The resounding answer is yes, according to McKinsey & Company. McKinsey found that barring another major economic shock similar to what we saw in 2008, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) will continue to grow, albeit not at the historic levels seen between 2000 and 2010, when it grew about 10.4 percent annually. The growth in the 2020s is expected to be about 5.5 percent per year (until 2030), which is still far a.
Wikis for Learning and CollaborationA wiki is a collaborativ.docxgauthierleppington
Wikis for Learning and Collaboration
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How simply awareness can help with security countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
You must provide AT LEAST 2 substantive comments on other student's views.
.
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31,.docxgauthierleppington
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012.
Common Stock, $5 par value $536,340
Treasury Stock $99,730
Retained Earnings $2,363,710
Paid-in Capital in excess par $1,325,180
Prepare Wilco's December 31,2012, stockholders' equity section
? $
? $
Total paid-in capital $
? $
Less: ? $
Total Stockholders' Equity $
.
Wikipedia and other Websites do notqualify as academic resources.docxgauthierleppington
Wikipedia and other Websites
do not
qualify as academic resources. Only
professiona
l
websites can be used along with ebooks, library, etc.
Below are a few good websites:
www.IRS.gov
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/165
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Tax-Deductions-and-Credits/About-Casualty-Deduction-for-Federal-Income-Tax/INF14772.html
http://www.aicpa.org/InterestAreas/Tax/Resources/Individual/ToolsandAids/DownloadableDocuments/Casualty_Guide__June2012.pdf
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2012/03/05/taxes-from-a-to-z-c-is-for-capital-losses/
.
WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes.docxgauthierleppington
WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media from anonymous sources. All of this is done through cyberspace and breaches of cyber security. WikiLeaks’ website, initiated in 2006 in Iceland by the organization Sunshine Press, claims a database of 10 million documents in 10 years since its launch. The group has released a number of significant documents that have become front-page news items. During the 2016 US presidential election campaign, Wikileaks released e-mails and other documents from the Democratic National Committee and from Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, John Podesta. These releases are believed to have caused significant damage to the Clinton campaign. The U.S. intelligence community expressed "high confidence" that the leaked e-mails had been hacked by Russia and supplied to Wikileaks, while Wikileaks denied their source was Russia or any other state. During the campaign, Wikileaks and Assange regularly promoted and popularized conspiracy theories and falsehoods about Clinton and the Democratic Party. Wikileaks has drawn criticism for its absence of whistleblowing on or criticism of Russia, and for criticizing the Panama Papers' exposé of Russian businesses and individuals with offshore bank accounts. Wikileaks has also been criticized for inadequately curating its content and violating the personal privacy of individuals. Wikileaks has, for instance, revealed Social Security numbers, medical information, credit card numbers, and other sensitive personal information. Should officers of WikiLeaks, including Assange be prosecuted? Has WikiLeaks damaged the United States or has it performed a service by revealing information that the United States citizens had a right to know. Remember, nothing that WikiLeaks has ever published has been proven to be false.
.
Wikipedia has agreed for many years that there are different views a.docxgauthierleppington
Wikipedia has agreed for many years that there are different views about manga's history-- those who start from the postwar years (the 1950s) and those who see continuity in manga as sequential art and go back much further. Some (your prof included) see it as starting in the late 19th century, or the early 20c century.
After reading (pdfs here) 1) Schodt's Chapter 2 "A Thousand Years of Manga"; 2) Gravett's 2nd chapter "Japanese Spirit, Western Learning" and 3) Ito's article, what is your stance?
How far back does the history of manga go? What about the Frolicking Animals scroll or Hokusai Manga? How about kibyōshi and other forms of illustrated fiction?
What are the factors that are important? Sequential art? Style? Japanese origins?
Why is there so much disagreement about talking about the history of manga?
.
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publ.docxgauthierleppington
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006, and had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed. Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing. In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq. This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks Julian Paul Assange (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, publisher and journalist. He is editor-in-chief of the organization WikiLeaks, which he founded in 2006. He has won numerous accolades for journalism, including the Sam Adams Award and Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. Assange founded WikiLeaks in 2006 but came to global prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks, provided by Chelsea Manning. These leaks included the Collateral Murder video (April 2010), the Afghanistan war logs (July 2010), the Iraq war logs (October 2010), and CableGate (November 2010). Following the 2010 leaks, the United States government launched a criminal investigation into WikiLeaks and asked allied nations for assistance. In November 2010, a request was made for Assange's extradition to Sweden, where he had been questioned months earlier over allegations of sexual assault and rape. Assange continued to deny the allegations, and expressed concern that he would be extradited from Sweden to the United States due to his perceived role in publishing secret American documents. Assange surrendered himself to UK police on 7 December 2010 and was held for ten days in solitary confinement before being released on bail. Assange sought and was granted asylum by Ecuador in August 2012. Assange has since remained in the Embassy of Ecuador in London, and is unable to leave without being arrested for breaching his bail conditions. In 2016, WikiLeaks published the DNC leaks and the Podesta emails during the United States presidential election, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange There are many who have credited WikiLeaks and its founder Assange for exposing the United States, and many in its government for many illegal and secret acts on the part of the United States. Others have claimed that Assange and WikiLeaks is a spy and traitor and has seriously damage.
Wiki Page Chapter 10 AwarenessWikis for Learning and Collab.docxgauthierleppington
Wiki Page Chapter 10 Awareness
Wikis for Learning and Collaboration
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How basic "situation awareness" can help tremendously with security countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
.
Wiki InstructionsA wiki is a collaborative web site that collect.docxgauthierleppington
Wiki Instructions
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How basic discretion steps can help in countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
.
Widgets R US experience communication issues which prevented decisio.docxgauthierleppington
Widgets R US experience communication issues which prevented decisions from being made. It is clear that Widgets R US is a functional organization because it indicated that lots of information gets kicked upstairs and no one seems to know what is happening. If you are running projects in a functional organization like Widgets R US what kind of struggles would you notice in comparison to running projects from an agile environment?
Best wishes,
.
WHYPARTIESFORM 45 equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, t.docxgauthierleppington
WHYPARTIESFORM 45
equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, there would be no incentive
to form a party based on the social choice problem. But even when an
equilibrium exists, the political party need not make its members
worse off than without the parry; they can always choose to take no
"partisan" actions. With PIEs generally considered impossible, there
is a strong incentive for parties to form, precisely because of the likeli-
1altves hood of disequilibrium. Riker's dismal conclusion turns out to provide
a strong case for the formation of political parties.
The new institutionalism (e.g., Shepsle 1979) emerged in response
to the ordinary absence of (pure) voting equilibria. Two points
discussed below and in later chapters are also relevant here. First,
':ss transactions many different institutional arrangements can be sufficient to yield
Wus making C (structure-induced) equilibria, such as committee systems, agenda
designs, and even separated powers. None of these are necessary—
l)ority coalition like parties, all yield possibility results. Second, partisan institutions
cs" of C. Sup- are one of those sets of sufficient institutions.
• id B find more
sa. As Axelrod
nal conflict of .i
•nnected, hay-
COLLECTIVE ACTION AND ELECTORAL
coalition must
MOBILIZATION
A-B-D, in- The Problem of Collective Action in Elections
2-C or B-C-D,
cong C's ideal The Federalist and Jeffersonian Republican parties began with the
government as a means of solving a social choice problem (see chap.
ihere is an equi- 3). Such parties-in-government may also become electoral parties.
ijine we should The most obvious motivation lies with the minority. The examples
ci preferences, above demonstrated incentives for some majority to form a party. If
Incentives to this happens, some or all of those excluded might form a parry in reac-
he disequilib- tion, seeking to become the legislative majority. Failing to reach major-
) has formed ity size, the minority would naturally turn to the public, seeking to
2.1 sometime elect more of its members. That is essentially what the Jeffersonians
agree on C's did when facing a Hamiltonian majority. Later parties, notably the
n on this pol- Jacksonian Democratic party, formed more directly for electoral pur-
e
would have poses (see chap. 4). The question for this section and the next, then,
t Won at least is what set of incentives candidates for elective office might have that
Presumably would lead them to form or join a political party. In this section we
at of prefer- examine incentives that arise from attempting to mobilize the elector-
ate. Mobilizing the electorate by definition is getting the public to turn
that PIEs are out to vote for, or otherwise support, a candidate. Examining the logic
Indeed, were of voting among citizens introduces the second form in which prob-
46 Political Parties and Democracy
lems of collective action are studied, and in this case turno.
Why We will be evaluating both academic and personal perspecti.docxgauthierleppington
Why: We will be evaluating both academic and personal perspectives of leadership. Doing this
assignment helps you to analyze leadership practices by researching a personal perspective
of a leader you believe was/is extraordinary and showing how the readings inform your
leadership development and professional experience.
o How: Complete or review the readings, videos, and instructor lectures for weeks through the week
the assignment is due. Select an extraordinary leader that you would like to learn more
about, someone whom you may know and gain access. Consider individuals who in some
ways have made positive contributions to society, including both men and women. The
leader you select may be from any walk of life (business, the arts, humanities, politics, etc.)
Ask for an opportunity to conduct a phone, email or in-person interview. Consider selecting
a person at your work, a professor or Northeastern community member, anyone who has a
compelling story to tell about leadership. Create a preliminary list of open-ended questions
to ask the person that you are profiling. Conduct the interview with the person you select.
Prepare an analysis of this leader that includes the following information and connects to our readings and class learning:
o Key Events: A short summary of the key events in this leaderâ s life that may have had an impact on
his/her approach to leadership. Note: This is an analysis â not a biography.
o Leadership Approach: Analyze your leader integrating the readings and key learning from class.
Areas that your analysis should include but be limited to:
o How does this leader exemplify effective leadership? Provide specific evidence for your claims.
o How does this leader demonstrate certain specific leadership practices or perspectives we covered
in our text and readings and discussion?
o How did this leader sustain commitment and build trusting partnerships?
o What were mistakes or missteps that were valuable lessons about leadership for this person?
o Principles and Values: What espoused principles and values guide their approach as a leader? How
are these principles or values apparent to those s/he leads? How were those values formed?
o Response to Challenges: Has the leader faced significant challenges that demanded leadership?
How did they react to these challenges? What do those actions say (to the Learning Team) about
their leadership ability?
o Results: What significant results were they able to achieve? How did their approach to leadership
contribute to their results?
26/02/20
1
Measuring Consumer Behaviour
Part I
Week 5
Required readings
Extract from another textbook (available on FLO):
“Conducting research in consumer behaviour”, i.
Why do we need to understand data visualisations There is mor.docxgauthierleppington
“Why do we need to understand data visualisations? There is more and more data around us, and data are increasingly used in decision-making, journalism, and to make sense of the world. One of the main ways that people get access to data is through visualisations, but lots of people feel like they don’t have the skills and knowledge to make sense of visualisations. This can mean that some people feel left out of conversations about data.”
-
http://seeingdata.org/developing-visualisation-literacy/
Choose
three
of your favorite visualizations. Post a 3 – 5 sentence summary (for each) of why you chose the visualizations. What catches your attention? Are these visuals effective in presenting the provided data? If possible, explain what you would do to improve the visualization(s).
.
Why were so many of Milgram’s research subjects willing to inflict s.docxgauthierleppington
Why were so many of Milgram’s research subjects willing to inflict severe electric
shocks on their supposed victims, consider German sociologist Max Weber,
who said that
power
is the ability to exercise one’s will over others (Weber 1922)?
.
Why the Rich are Getting Richer and the Poor, PoorerThe thesis o.docxgauthierleppington
Why the Rich are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer
The thesis of the Paper
The report " Why the Rich are Getting Rich and the Poor, Poorer opens the eyes of the audience by making them understand the unemployment that people are suffering from is because of lack of technology and education. The paper aims to make the reader understand why the rich continue to get richer and the poor poorer (Heyward 40). The author gives an introduction of three boats sailing within the economy of America. One of the boats carries the symbolist analysis; another one is the in-person servers, and the last one carries the routine producers. The author states that the Americans were once in the same boat when corporations could sell goods and services globally as this increased the purchasing power of the Americans (Berry, 13). In this part, the author introduces the reader on its main ideas of the essay and what will be covered in the essay.
Supporting arguments
Robert Reich supports his thesis by giving various explanations to help in the understanding of the reasons behind his arguments. First, the author talks about increasing rates of the sinking of the boats that belong to the routine producers from the time the Americans began to construct companies in the developing countries. When this happens, the employees are hired from these countries and are given the exact payments that the Americans could have earned. Meaning, the minority who depend on these industries for their survival continues to suffer and remain poor. However, the only people who benefit are the symbolic Analysts.
The second argument is that the in-person server’s and the routine producers have lost their jobs because they have been replaced with modern technology. According to Reich, as much as the in-person servers suffer, they are protected from the direct impacts of global competition as compared to the routine producers who are directly affected by the issue (Heyward 16). The author states that only the symbolic analysts have their jobs in the rise as their services are demanded across the globe because they have problem-solving skills. The report also brings a clear understanding of the reason why the poor are getting poorer especially be talking about the companies replacing human efforts with the robots which are believed to be more efficient.
Another argument is that the author explains that the in-person servants become even more miserable when the routine producers lose their jobs and begin board ships carrying the In-Person servants. According to the author, these people are exposed to more risks of unemployment and are threatened by the increased number of high school graduates, the high rates of immigration and the labour saving machinery (Berry, 5). He believes that the world has only created more opportunities for the symbolic analysts and they end up getting more money from selling their knowledge to those who want to make a fortune. The customers that are served .
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrializ.docxgauthierleppington
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers.
B. Union membership was required for employment in new industries.
C. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce.
D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.
4. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was
A. a decrease in child labor.
B. an increase in the demand for handicraft goods.
C. a decrease in immigration to the United States.
D. an increase in urbanization.
5. During the Industrial revolution which major change in the economy of the United States was set in motion by the development of technological advances?
A. An increase of the portion of the work force engaged in manufacturing
B. A labor shortage due to a decreasing population
C. A shift from a free market economy to a command economy
D. A decreasing need for international trade agreement
6. Industrialization in the United States resulted in
A. Politics not being affected by the economic changes
B. Workers seeing no need to unite to form labor unions
C. The transformation from an urban to an agrarian society
D. The country becoming more urban than rural
7. In the late 19th century, farmers in the United States responded to the changing economy in which of the following political movements?
A. Populist
B. Abolitionist
C. Civil Rights
D. Progressive
8. During the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Progressive reformers worked to influence the government to enact laws improving conditions brought on by industrialization. One law that was passed was the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act in 1916. Part of the act stated that following: That no producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, an article or commodity the product of any mine or quarry situated in the United States, in which thirty days prior to the time of the removal of such product therefrom children under the age of sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work The excerpt could be used to support the thesis that:
A. Progressive reformers wanted to limit the number of hours children worked.
B. Progressive reformers wanted to end child labor altogether.
C. Progressive reformers wanted to ship products made by children overseas.
D. Progressive reformers wanted children to be allowed to work only in mines and quarries.
9. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?
A. use of child labor in the workplace
B. unfair taxes on the wealthy
C. restrictions on the use of natural resources
D. lack of capital for railroad expansion
10. As a result of industrialization in the Uni.
Why We Should Design Policy to Care for Vulnerable PopulationsPr.docxgauthierleppington
Why We Should Design Policy to Care for Vulnerable Populations
Previous
Next
For the discussion, we will be reviewing the “For Your Consideration” box on page 122 of the Shi text. Shi states that we should care about vulnerable populations because of the following items:
Vulnerable populations have greater health needs.
The prevalence of vulnerability is influenced [by] and therefore should be remedied by social forces.
Vulnerability is fundamentally linked with national resources.
Vulnerability and equity cannot coexist.
After reviewing this and the required background reading (and doing any additional research) discuss your thoughts on these items. As Shi asks, “Are these points valid?” (p. 122) How does this affect health administrators?
Be sure to cite reliable sources in support of your answer.
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Why was the Panama Canal built Which country started the project .docxgauthierleppington
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Why did Germany help Lenin get back to Russia after Nicholas II abdicated? What was Lenin's underlying purpose in drawing out peace talks with Germany after he took control of Russia? (5 points)
Choose two nations from the following: Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Japan. Compare and contrast how nationalistic movements within each country along with the influence of Westen powers helped shape them with either similar or different results. (10 points)
Explain the different politcal, economic and social philosophies that the leaders of France, Great Britain and the United States has in regard to the creation of the Treaty of Versailles. Which of these leaders got a Treaty that mose closely resembked his desires? Why? What compromises were made? Also explain how Germany responded to the treaty? And finally, whose philosophies for the Treaty do you most agree with? Why? (10 points)
Name and describe three new weapons or methods of warfare first used during World War I. What effect did the introduction of new technology have on the war? (10 points)
Choose a person that we've studied who has made a major contribution to the shaping of the world between 1850 and 1930. (You're not allowed to choose Hitler because we have not spent enough time on him yet). Write a brief biography of that person describing his/her background, contributions to the world (for better or worse), and why you believe that he/she is the most significant person we've studied in terms of shaping the politcal, economic, and/or social lanscape(s) of the world. (10 points)
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Why was it important for the United State to test the first bomb bef.docxgauthierleppington
Why was it important for the United State to test the first bomb before the Potsdam Conference? If atomic bombs were available, why did Truman want them used against Japan before the Soviet army attacked that country? Describe what happened to Robert Openheimer's career during the postwar McCarthy era.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Why worry about revenue and expense recognition Why not j.docx
1. Why worry about revenue and expense recognition?
Why not just recognize revenue when cash is received and
expense when cash is paid?
It would be much easier, but would it be better?
Do you think nonprofits worry about revenues and expenses?
Why?
2. Choose two concepts/topics you learned from the chapter that
you found most interesting. Please briefly explain the concepts
and why you found them to be the most interesting.
notes
Here is your reading list for this week:
Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What
the Numbers Really Mean
2. Free download
from Antioch University Library use your AU ID and password
for access.
Part Two: The (Many) Peculiarities Of The Income Statement
Topic 5: Profit Is an Estimate
Topic 6: Cracking the Code of the Income Statement
Topics 7: Revenue: The Issue is Recognition
Topic 8: Costs and Expenses: No Hard and Fast Rules
Topic 9: The Many Forms of Profit
Part Two Tool Box:
Understanding the Variance
Profits at Nonprofits
A Quick Review: Percent of and Percent Change
Study Notes and Reflection
Supplemental Differences Between Profit and Nonprofit
Reporting: Fund Accounting
3. Supplemental Nonprofit Income Statement
Lecture Notes
The income statement is also known as the Profit and Loss
Statement, P&L, Operating Statement, Earnings statement, and
a few other names. At its most basic, this statement is a
company’s revenues, expenses, and the difference between the
two. The difference is called net income.
It is important to note that revenues and profits are not the same
as cash. Revenues include amounts earned which may or may
not have been collected from customers yet. There could be
amounts that customers had paid at an earlier time but have just
been earned. There could be estimates and assumptions included
as well.
Expenses are not necessarily amounts that have been paid. They
include expenses that have been incurred but may be paid later.
There may also be amounts that were paid in an earlier time-
period but are now being recognized due to the matching of
revenues and expenses. Estimates and assumptions are also
present in expenses.
Net income is sometimes called the bottom line. It is revenues
minus expenses. If expenses are more than revenues, it is called
net loss. There may be important subtotals presented in the
income statement such as gross profit. This subtotal is
sometimes called the line. Gross profit is net sales minus cost of
goods sold. Cost of goods sold are costs or expenses directly
related to sales such as direct labor, direct materials and
overhead.
Each statement will have a heading. It includes the company
name, statement name and the time-period covered. An income
4. statement covers a span of time. It is usually a company’s fiscal
year but can be for shorter periods such as a month or quarter
(three months).
Weekly Commentary:
The section outline below highlights the main points of each
section of your text, Financial Intelligence, and provides some
additional commentary. It is a a good idea to read both for the
best understanding possible.
Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What
the Numbers Really Mean
Part Two: The (Many) Peculiarities of the Income Statement
5.
Profit Is an Estimate
a. Matching Principal – Matching expenses with the
associated revenue.
b. Profit / income is not the same as cash.
c. There are estimates and assumptions included in the figures
presented on the income statement.
6.
Cracking the Code of the Income Statement
a. Income Statement = Profit and Loss Statement = P&L
Statement = Operating Statement = Statement of Operations =
Statement of Earnings = Earnings Statement
b. Revenues – Expenses = Net Income (if revenues are more
than expenses) or Net Loss (If expenses are more than revenues)
5. c. Consolidated indicates a statement that combines figures
for a main/parent/holding company and subsidiaries.
Subsidiaries are companies that are owned or partially owned by
a parent company.
d. A heading for an income statement usually contains the
company name, the statement name and the time period covered.
An income statement covers a time span. The most common are:
month, quarter and year.
e. Most statements round numbers to the nearest dollars.
Some round off in millions and in thousands. In these
situations, there will be a note.
f. GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles:
Accounting guidelines for recording and generating financial
information.
g. Non-GAAP or modified statements means there are
departures from GAAP.
h. Pro-forma – statements showing figures projecting the
future.
i. Comparative statements present the current year and one or
more prior years for comparison. May show percent or dollar
change as well. May show percent of sales.
j. Percent of sales figures is a way to adjust for scale or
magnitude.
k. Footnotes – an important part of statements that provide
full disclosure.
l. Variance = difference
6. 7.
Revenue: The Issue Is Recognition
a. Sales = revenue (and sometimes income)
b. Revenue is recognized when earned not necessarily when
payment is received. This can be harder than it sounds.
c. EPS – Earnings Per Share: Net income – (preferred
dividends) / weighted average number of common shares
d. Materiality: this would be an amount that would make a
decision maker change their mind if the amount was missing or
misstated.
e. Channel stuffing: shipping a lot of product even though it
has not been ordered.
f. Backlog/bookings: sales not yet recognized.
g. Deferred revenue: not a revenue yet but a liability.
8.
Costs and Expenses: No Hard-and-Fast Rules
a. COGS – Cost of Goods Sold or COS – Cost of Services –
costs directly related to sales or service (material, labor,
overhead)
b. The line = gross profit. Gross profit = net sales – COGS or
COS
c. Operating expenses = S, G & A (Sales, General and
Administrative expenses). Costs not directly related to the
product or service being sold.
7. d. R&D = research and development)
e. Variable cost varies or changes in direct proportion to the
volume of sales
f. Fixed cost remain relatively the same when the volume of
sales changes.
g. Depreciation – the rational allocation of the cost of a fixed
(tangible) asset over its estimated useful life. There are several
different methods.
i. Straight line: (cost – salvage or residual value)/useful life)
h. Amortization: the rational allocation of the cost of an
intangible asset over it useful life.
i. Revenue – COGS = Gross profit – Operating expenses =
Net Income
j. Economic depreciation and accounting depreciation are not
the same.
k. Other income and expenses
l. The big bath: one-time charges, extraordinary items, write-
offs, write-downs, restructuring charges
m. Tracking Expenses Differently Depending on Who’s
Looking
n. Internal vs. external reporting, financial vs. managerial