Answers to the folowing questions:
What does a pediatric hematologist-oncologist do?
What kind of training is necessary?
Is there a future need for specialists in this area?
This document provides an introduction to pediatric oncology. It discusses how childhood cancers were previously almost always fatal but are now often cured due to advances in oncology, radiology, surgery, and supportive care. Specific cancers are then summarized, including how leukemia is now often curable through chemotherapy, non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment improved with staging and chemotherapy, and Hodgkin's disease is now often cured through radiation and risk-adapted therapy. Brain tumors, Wilms tumor, and neuroblastoma treatments have also improved but more progress is still needed for some cases.
Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine NeoplasmsDhaval Mangukiya
Information about Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in clinical practice guidelines, management and tumors, practice changing study, Gastric NETs etc. by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Low Anterior Resection(LAR), Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Ports, Position, Modified Lithotomy, Vessel Ligation, Lymph Nodes, Nerves Anatomy, Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Lateral Pelvic Nerves, Correct TME, Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Staging and grading of tumors provides essential prognostic information and guides treatment decisions. Staging evaluates the extent of a malignant tumor using the TNM system which considers the size/spread of the primary tumor (T), involvement of lymph nodes (N), and presence of distant metastases (M). Grading evaluates the differentiation of tumor cells on a scale of 1 to 4, with higher grades indicating less differentiation. Both staging and grading systems aim to predict patient outcomes and tumor aggressiveness. Precise histological diagnosis through biopsy is needed to determine the stage and grade of tumors.
The document outlines criteria for malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. Bertoni et al established criteria for diagnosing malignant pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) based on histologic appearance and whether benign disease preceded or coexisted with cancer. The criteria included a nodular, solid infiltrative pattern; large, plump cells with deep eosinophilic cytoplasm and indistinct borders; large nuclei with prominent nucleoli; necrotic areas; and absence of a zonal pattern of maturation.
A 2-year-old male child presented with swelling in the right upper abdomen and central abdomen for 5 months. Imaging showed a large ill-defined mass in the right retroperitoneum involving the right adrenal gland and kidney. There were also enlarged lymph nodes and bone metastases. Differential diagnoses included neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, mesenchymal nephroma, nephroblastomatosis, hepatoblastoma, and lymphoma. The findings were most consistent with neuroblastoma given the characteristics seen on imaging.
This document provides guidelines for the management and treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. It discusses staging of the disease using imaging and pathology. Locally advanced cervical cancer is defined. The document outlines the standard surgical and radiotherapy approaches based on disease stage. It also discusses the indications for and types of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy based on risk factors. Techniques for radiotherapy including 3D conformal radiation and IMRT are covered.
This document discusses gynecologic cancers and the importance of lymphadenectomy in staging and treatment. It notes that endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers represent 95% of gynecologic cancers and collectively rank fourth among women's cancers. Comprehensive lymphadenectomy is important for accurate staging of early and advanced cancers of the ovary, endometrium, and cervix. While lymphadenectomy improves survival for some cancer types and stages, overtreatment should be avoided for low risk early stage cancers that have high cure rates with surgery alone.
This document provides an introduction to pediatric oncology. It discusses how childhood cancers were previously almost always fatal but are now often cured due to advances in oncology, radiology, surgery, and supportive care. Specific cancers are then summarized, including how leukemia is now often curable through chemotherapy, non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment improved with staging and chemotherapy, and Hodgkin's disease is now often cured through radiation and risk-adapted therapy. Brain tumors, Wilms tumor, and neuroblastoma treatments have also improved but more progress is still needed for some cases.
Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine NeoplasmsDhaval Mangukiya
Information about Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in clinical practice guidelines, management and tumors, practice changing study, Gastric NETs etc. by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of Low Anterior Resection(LAR), Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Ports, Position, Modified Lithotomy, Vessel Ligation, Lymph Nodes, Nerves Anatomy, Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Lateral Pelvic Nerves, Correct TME, Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Staging and grading of tumors provides essential prognostic information and guides treatment decisions. Staging evaluates the extent of a malignant tumor using the TNM system which considers the size/spread of the primary tumor (T), involvement of lymph nodes (N), and presence of distant metastases (M). Grading evaluates the differentiation of tumor cells on a scale of 1 to 4, with higher grades indicating less differentiation. Both staging and grading systems aim to predict patient outcomes and tumor aggressiveness. Precise histological diagnosis through biopsy is needed to determine the stage and grade of tumors.
The document outlines criteria for malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. Bertoni et al established criteria for diagnosing malignant pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) based on histologic appearance and whether benign disease preceded or coexisted with cancer. The criteria included a nodular, solid infiltrative pattern; large, plump cells with deep eosinophilic cytoplasm and indistinct borders; large nuclei with prominent nucleoli; necrotic areas; and absence of a zonal pattern of maturation.
A 2-year-old male child presented with swelling in the right upper abdomen and central abdomen for 5 months. Imaging showed a large ill-defined mass in the right retroperitoneum involving the right adrenal gland and kidney. There were also enlarged lymph nodes and bone metastases. Differential diagnoses included neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, mesenchymal nephroma, nephroblastomatosis, hepatoblastoma, and lymphoma. The findings were most consistent with neuroblastoma given the characteristics seen on imaging.
This document provides guidelines for the management and treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. It discusses staging of the disease using imaging and pathology. Locally advanced cervical cancer is defined. The document outlines the standard surgical and radiotherapy approaches based on disease stage. It also discusses the indications for and types of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy based on risk factors. Techniques for radiotherapy including 3D conformal radiation and IMRT are covered.
This document discusses gynecologic cancers and the importance of lymphadenectomy in staging and treatment. It notes that endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers represent 95% of gynecologic cancers and collectively rank fourth among women's cancers. Comprehensive lymphadenectomy is important for accurate staging of early and advanced cancers of the ovary, endometrium, and cervix. While lymphadenectomy improves survival for some cancer types and stages, overtreatment should be avoided for low risk early stage cancers that have high cure rates with surgery alone.
Yan Carlos Vargas Caycho
Pediatric Malignant Gliomas
Radioterapia en Gliomas de Alto Grado en Pediatria
Radioterapia en Glioblastoma Multiforme
Radioterapia en Astrocitoma Anaplasico
Radioterapia en Tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central
8 th edition TNM classification and significance of depth of invasionishita1994
Diagnosis of oral cancer is completed for:
Initial diagnosis
Staging
Treatment planning
A complete history, and clinical examination is first completed, then a wedge of tissue is cut from the suspicious lesion for tissue diagnosis. In this procedure, the surgeon cuts all, or a piece of the tissue, to have it examined under a microscope by a pathologist.
1. The document discusses the principles of oncology, including the biological nature of cancer, major causative factors, methods of prevention and treatment.
2. Cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, palliative care and screening. Treatment goals depend on cancer stage and include cure, prolonging survival, or palliation.
3. The hallmarks of cancer include autonomy, resistance to apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, and evading immune destruction. Both genetic and environmental factors can cause cancer through various mechanisms.
This document provides information about prostate cancer, including:
1. It is the most common cancer in men over 65 and risk factors include age, family history, and diet high in red meat and fat.
2. Symptoms include urinary issues and pain, while advanced cancer can spread to bones and lymph nodes.
3. Diagnosis involves exams, blood tests, biopsies and imaging.
4. Treatment depends on stage but includes surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and watchful waiting. Nursing focuses on education, managing symptoms, and preventing complications.
This document discusses locally advanced high risk prostate cancer and evolving treatment options. It provides an overview of risk stratification, guidelines for biopsy from the European Association of Urology, options for imaging with multiparametric MRI, and options for treatment including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. New advances in radiation therapy include stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypofractionated regimens. Advances in hormonal therapy include gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists and oral options like relugolix. Neoadjuvant docetaxel chemotherapy is also discussed for high risk localized disease.
- Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths.
- It arises from primitive neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system and the abdomen is the most common primary site.
- Staging systems include the International Neuroblastoma Staging System and the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System, which classify disease as localized, metastatic, or multifocal based on imaging.
- Treatment involves chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and immunotherapy depending on risk stratification as low, intermediate, or high risk based on age, stage, biology, and other factors.
1. Nuclear medicine involves using radioactive substances to diagnose and treat disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radiotracers like fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to detect cancer cells and investigate their metabolism.
2. Cancer cells have altered metabolism and proliferation compared to normal cells. The Warburg effect shows they rely more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation. This increased glycolysis can be detected on PET scans using FDG.
3. PET scans have many clinical applications, including cancer staging, detecting metastases, assessing treatment response, and distinguishing tumor recurrence from treatment effects. They provide functional information to guide diagnosis and management.
This document discusses neuroblastoma, a type of cancer that commonly affects children. It is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in children and most often presents before age 12 months. The document covers the epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, staging, pathological classification, prognostic factors, management approaches, results of therapy, and potential sequelae of treatment for neuroblastoma. Treatment approaches are stratified based on risk level - low, intermediate, or high risk - and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or palliative care depending on the stage and risk level. Outcomes vary significantly depending on stage, with low and intermediate risk disease having survival rates of 60-99% and high
This document discusses ocular melanoma, including uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma. It covers diagnosis and staging, treatment options like radiation and enucleation, prognostic features, and the role of biopsy and surveillance. It also mentions new clinical trials for therapies like adoptive cell transfer and a light-activated nanoparticle drug being tested by Aura Biosciences.
This document discusses the management of low-grade gliomas. It begins by defining low-grade gliomas as WHO grade I and II primary brain tumors that have a better prognosis than high-grade gliomas but still have the potential to progress into higher grades. The most common symptoms are seizures. Diagnosis is typically made through MRI imaging showing characteristic patterns and biopsy is only recommended if resection is not possible. Treatment options include maximal safe surgical resection followed by observation with serial MRIs, adjuvant radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on factors like age, extent of resection, and tumor characteristics. The goal of management is prolonging progression-free survival while minimizing treatment-related morbidity.
This document summarizes recent advances in pancreatic cancer. It covers molecular genetics and tumor biology, methods for early detection of precursor lesions, investigation modalities like imaging tests and tumor markers, surgical management approaches including criteria for resectability, and adjuvant treatment modalities like chemotherapy and radiation. Newer chemotherapy regimens have improved survival rates and some targeted therapies show promise. Multidisciplinary treatment at high-volume centers results in better outcomes. While improvements have been made, pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and more research is still needed.
This document discusses hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced ovarian cancer. A meta-analysis found that combining HIPEC with CRS improved both overall survival and progression-free survival compared to CRS alone. Subgroup analyses showed these benefits applied to both primary and recurrent ovarian cancer, including stage III and IV disease. The analysis provides emerging evidence that HIPEC combined with CRS and systemic chemotherapy improves outcomes over CRS and chemotherapy alone for treating ovarian cancer.
An 8 year old boy from Jumla, Nepal presented with increased urinary frequency and was found to have a 4cmx4cm mass in his abdomen. Imaging and biopsy revealed the mass was a stage III small round cell tumor. Further tests showed it was a neuroblastoma that had metastasized to his bones, classifying it as stage IV disease. Neuroblastoma is the third most common childhood cancer, arising from sympathetic nervous tissue. Prognosis depends on age at diagnosis, tumor stage, genetics, and response to chemotherapy and surgery.
- Cancer treatment is multidisciplinary, involving oncology care, clinical trials, and diagnosis through tissue examination. Early stage cancers are more curable than late stages.
- Oncology aims to provide lifelong care while minimizing harm through careful consideration of treatment intent (curative vs palliative), dose optimization, and multimodal approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
- Surgical management of cancer involves diagnosis, staging, removal of the primary tumor and metastases when possible with curative intent or palliation, considering individual patient factors. Reconstruction aims to improve function and quality of life post-treatment.
1) Management of carcinoma of the cervix involves accurate staging using imaging and pathology to guide treatment. Locally advanced disease is treated with chemoradiation while early stage disease may be treated surgically.
2) Surgical options range from conization for stage IA1 to radical hysterectomy for stage IB2. Adjuvant chemoradiation is given for intermediate and high risk features.
3) Radiation techniques have advanced from 4-field to 3D conformal and IMRT to reduce toxicity while adequately treating the tumor and draining lymph nodes.
Here are some additional common side effects of chemotherapy:
- Mucositis (inflammation and ulcers in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract)
- Dermatologic effects like rashes, dry skin, nail changes
- Hepatotoxicity and kidney toxicity with some agents
- Cardiotoxicity with agents like doxorubicin
- Secondary cancers and myelodysplasia due to mutagenic effects
- Infertility issues depending on the agents used
It's important for nurses to thoroughly assess for and manage side effects during chemotherapy treatment.
Tumours can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumours grow rapidly, invade nearby tissue, lose cell differentiation, and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Tumours are diagnosed through history, examination, investigations, and histopathology. Tumour markers in the blood can indicate the presence or type of tumour. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and palliative care to ease symptoms. Prognosis depends on the extent of spread, appearance under the microscope, anatomical location, and patient's general health. Screening tests can detect some cancers early in asymptomatic people.
Adjuvant radiotherapy of regional lymph nodes in breastKiran Ramakrishna
Regional radiotherapy to lymph nodes in breast cancer patients improves overall survival according to a meta-analysis of randomized trials. The analysis found that comprehensive radiotherapy to the internal mammary and medial supraclavicular lymph nodes resulted in a statistically significant 15% reduction in mortality risk and improved disease-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates. The absolute benefits to overall survival ranged from 1.6-3.3% depending on the trial. Some increased risks of minor toxicities from additional radiation were also observed.
Yan Carlos Vargas Caycho
Pediatric Malignant Gliomas
Radioterapia en Gliomas de Alto Grado en Pediatria
Radioterapia en Glioblastoma Multiforme
Radioterapia en Astrocitoma Anaplasico
Radioterapia en Tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central
8 th edition TNM classification and significance of depth of invasionishita1994
Diagnosis of oral cancer is completed for:
Initial diagnosis
Staging
Treatment planning
A complete history, and clinical examination is first completed, then a wedge of tissue is cut from the suspicious lesion for tissue diagnosis. In this procedure, the surgeon cuts all, or a piece of the tissue, to have it examined under a microscope by a pathologist.
1. The document discusses the principles of oncology, including the biological nature of cancer, major causative factors, methods of prevention and treatment.
2. Cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, palliative care and screening. Treatment goals depend on cancer stage and include cure, prolonging survival, or palliation.
3. The hallmarks of cancer include autonomy, resistance to apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, and evading immune destruction. Both genetic and environmental factors can cause cancer through various mechanisms.
This document provides information about prostate cancer, including:
1. It is the most common cancer in men over 65 and risk factors include age, family history, and diet high in red meat and fat.
2. Symptoms include urinary issues and pain, while advanced cancer can spread to bones and lymph nodes.
3. Diagnosis involves exams, blood tests, biopsies and imaging.
4. Treatment depends on stage but includes surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and watchful waiting. Nursing focuses on education, managing symptoms, and preventing complications.
This document discusses locally advanced high risk prostate cancer and evolving treatment options. It provides an overview of risk stratification, guidelines for biopsy from the European Association of Urology, options for imaging with multiparametric MRI, and options for treatment including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. New advances in radiation therapy include stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypofractionated regimens. Advances in hormonal therapy include gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists and oral options like relugolix. Neoadjuvant docetaxel chemotherapy is also discussed for high risk localized disease.
- Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths.
- It arises from primitive neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system and the abdomen is the most common primary site.
- Staging systems include the International Neuroblastoma Staging System and the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System, which classify disease as localized, metastatic, or multifocal based on imaging.
- Treatment involves chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and immunotherapy depending on risk stratification as low, intermediate, or high risk based on age, stage, biology, and other factors.
1. Nuclear medicine involves using radioactive substances to diagnose and treat disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radiotracers like fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to detect cancer cells and investigate their metabolism.
2. Cancer cells have altered metabolism and proliferation compared to normal cells. The Warburg effect shows they rely more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation. This increased glycolysis can be detected on PET scans using FDG.
3. PET scans have many clinical applications, including cancer staging, detecting metastases, assessing treatment response, and distinguishing tumor recurrence from treatment effects. They provide functional information to guide diagnosis and management.
This document discusses neuroblastoma, a type of cancer that commonly affects children. It is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in children and most often presents before age 12 months. The document covers the epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, staging, pathological classification, prognostic factors, management approaches, results of therapy, and potential sequelae of treatment for neuroblastoma. Treatment approaches are stratified based on risk level - low, intermediate, or high risk - and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or palliative care depending on the stage and risk level. Outcomes vary significantly depending on stage, with low and intermediate risk disease having survival rates of 60-99% and high
This document discusses ocular melanoma, including uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma. It covers diagnosis and staging, treatment options like radiation and enucleation, prognostic features, and the role of biopsy and surveillance. It also mentions new clinical trials for therapies like adoptive cell transfer and a light-activated nanoparticle drug being tested by Aura Biosciences.
This document discusses the management of low-grade gliomas. It begins by defining low-grade gliomas as WHO grade I and II primary brain tumors that have a better prognosis than high-grade gliomas but still have the potential to progress into higher grades. The most common symptoms are seizures. Diagnosis is typically made through MRI imaging showing characteristic patterns and biopsy is only recommended if resection is not possible. Treatment options include maximal safe surgical resection followed by observation with serial MRIs, adjuvant radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on factors like age, extent of resection, and tumor characteristics. The goal of management is prolonging progression-free survival while minimizing treatment-related morbidity.
This document summarizes recent advances in pancreatic cancer. It covers molecular genetics and tumor biology, methods for early detection of precursor lesions, investigation modalities like imaging tests and tumor markers, surgical management approaches including criteria for resectability, and adjuvant treatment modalities like chemotherapy and radiation. Newer chemotherapy regimens have improved survival rates and some targeted therapies show promise. Multidisciplinary treatment at high-volume centers results in better outcomes. While improvements have been made, pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and more research is still needed.
This document discusses hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced ovarian cancer. A meta-analysis found that combining HIPEC with CRS improved both overall survival and progression-free survival compared to CRS alone. Subgroup analyses showed these benefits applied to both primary and recurrent ovarian cancer, including stage III and IV disease. The analysis provides emerging evidence that HIPEC combined with CRS and systemic chemotherapy improves outcomes over CRS and chemotherapy alone for treating ovarian cancer.
An 8 year old boy from Jumla, Nepal presented with increased urinary frequency and was found to have a 4cmx4cm mass in his abdomen. Imaging and biopsy revealed the mass was a stage III small round cell tumor. Further tests showed it was a neuroblastoma that had metastasized to his bones, classifying it as stage IV disease. Neuroblastoma is the third most common childhood cancer, arising from sympathetic nervous tissue. Prognosis depends on age at diagnosis, tumor stage, genetics, and response to chemotherapy and surgery.
- Cancer treatment is multidisciplinary, involving oncology care, clinical trials, and diagnosis through tissue examination. Early stage cancers are more curable than late stages.
- Oncology aims to provide lifelong care while minimizing harm through careful consideration of treatment intent (curative vs palliative), dose optimization, and multimodal approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
- Surgical management of cancer involves diagnosis, staging, removal of the primary tumor and metastases when possible with curative intent or palliation, considering individual patient factors. Reconstruction aims to improve function and quality of life post-treatment.
1) Management of carcinoma of the cervix involves accurate staging using imaging and pathology to guide treatment. Locally advanced disease is treated with chemoradiation while early stage disease may be treated surgically.
2) Surgical options range from conization for stage IA1 to radical hysterectomy for stage IB2. Adjuvant chemoradiation is given for intermediate and high risk features.
3) Radiation techniques have advanced from 4-field to 3D conformal and IMRT to reduce toxicity while adequately treating the tumor and draining lymph nodes.
Here are some additional common side effects of chemotherapy:
- Mucositis (inflammation and ulcers in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract)
- Dermatologic effects like rashes, dry skin, nail changes
- Hepatotoxicity and kidney toxicity with some agents
- Cardiotoxicity with agents like doxorubicin
- Secondary cancers and myelodysplasia due to mutagenic effects
- Infertility issues depending on the agents used
It's important for nurses to thoroughly assess for and manage side effects during chemotherapy treatment.
Tumours can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumours grow rapidly, invade nearby tissue, lose cell differentiation, and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Tumours are diagnosed through history, examination, investigations, and histopathology. Tumour markers in the blood can indicate the presence or type of tumour. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and palliative care to ease symptoms. Prognosis depends on the extent of spread, appearance under the microscope, anatomical location, and patient's general health. Screening tests can detect some cancers early in asymptomatic people.
Adjuvant radiotherapy of regional lymph nodes in breastKiran Ramakrishna
Regional radiotherapy to lymph nodes in breast cancer patients improves overall survival according to a meta-analysis of randomized trials. The analysis found that comprehensive radiotherapy to the internal mammary and medial supraclavicular lymph nodes resulted in a statistically significant 15% reduction in mortality risk and improved disease-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates. The absolute benefits to overall survival ranged from 1.6-3.3% depending on the trial. Some increased risks of minor toxicities from additional radiation were also observed.
Positive Oral Contrast for Oncology Patients Naglaa Mahmoud
Routine use of positive oral contrast is not required for oncology patients undergoing follow-up CT scans according to a retrospective study. A survey found patients found oral contrast the least pleasant part of the scan. An audit of 447 patients found the bowel could be adequately identified in 90% without oral contrast and no cases required recall. On secondary review, the bowel could be identified in 95% without missed diseases, suggesting oral contrast is not necessary for accurate interpretation of follow-up oncology CT scans.
International Journal of Cancer Studies & Research (IJCR) ISSN:2167-9118 is a comprehensive, peer reviewed journal devoted to cancer studies and research. IJCR, published by SciDoc is an open access journal that includes high quality papers, which covers all major areas of Cancer and its related fields. SciDoc with its Open Access publication model spreads all the day-to-day developments and research to readers around the world.
Anthony Carannante is a chemical engineering student at the University of Pittsburgh seeking a summer 2015 co-op. He has a 3.081 GPA and coursework in organic chemistry, calculus, and engineering. His skills include proficiency in programming languages from coursework and experience tutoring math. He worked as a math tutor and at Five Guys Burgers and Fries. Activities include presenting on graphene supercapacitors at an engineering conference and participating in intramural soccer and track and field in high school.
The document is a quiz about nutrition facts consisting of 7 multiple choice questions. Each question is followed by the answer and a short explanation. The questions cover topics like how long it takes to burn off calories from a Big Mac meal, which food has more vitamin C between brussel sprouts and oranges, the recommended daily salt intake, whether milk or dark chocolate is healthier, which food does not count towards the recommended 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day, and whether canned fruits and vegetables still contain nutrients.
Este documento presenta un análisis técnico del índice bursátil IBEX 35 en España. Señala posibles niveles de soporte y resistencia del IBEX 35 basados en medias móviles simples. Predice que el IBEX 35 podría caer a entre 6.000 y 5.500 puntos si no logra mantenerse por encima de 6.450 puntos, o incluso a entre 5.500 y 5.000 puntos si pierde los 6.000 puntos.
This document contains a 6 question quiz about nutrition and health topics. The questions cover which food has more vitamin C, the recommended daily exercise amount, daily salt intake limit, the healthiness of vegetarian diets compared to non-vegetarian, good options for an energy boost on a tough day, and whether milk or dark chocolate is healthier. The answers provided are oranges, 1 hour of exercise, 6 grams of salt, that vegetarian diets are not necessarily healthier, homemade lentil bolognese, and dark chocolate.
This case presentation describes a 35-year-old male with sickle cell disease (SCD) presenting with shortness of breath. He has a history of end stage renal disease requiring dialysis and obstructive jaundice from gallbladder stones. On examination, he has jaundice and lower extremity edema. Investigations show abnormal renal and liver function tests. Dyspnea in SCD can be caused by acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, or venous thromboembolism. SCD is also associated with renal complications like acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Hematology / Oncology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Hematology
The document provides information about the International Journal of Diabetology & Vascular Disease Research (IJDVR), a peer-reviewed open access journal published by SciDoc Publishers. IJDVR publishes research on diabetes and vascular diseases, including their diagnosis, management, complications, and new treatment strategies. The journal accepts original research, review papers, and data from scientists worldwide. It aims to make all content freely accessible online to readers globally.
1) Hereditary bleeding disorders can cause health problems in women, especially related to their reproductive systems like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and hemorrhagic ovarian cysts.
2) Menorrhagia, or prolonged/heavy menstrual bleeding, is common in women with von Willebrand disease, platelet disorders, and other bleeding disorders. It can be assessed and managed through hormonal therapy, hemostatic agents, blood transfusions, or surgery depending on the severity.
3) Preconception counseling is important to discuss issues like genetic implications, pregnancy and delivery risks, and options for prenatal screening or testing. Proper management can help women with bleeding disorders have healthy pregn
Neonatal intensive care nurses provide care for premature and sick newborns. An associate's or bachelor's degree in nursing is required along with certification from passing a national exam. These nurses can work in Level II-IV neonatal intensive units that care for babies with different needs. They may become specialists in areas like development. Ethical issues around access to care, costs, and outcomes must be considered. National organizations like AWHONN support neonatal nurses through advocacy, education and setting standards of practice.
This document provides an introduction and overview of geriatric dentistry. It discusses that geriatric dentistry involves the diagnosis, treatment, and care of senior citizens age 60 and older, including safely treating medically compromised patients and providing palliative care. It notes the need for geriatric dentistry is increasing as the aging population grows and lives longer. The course overview indicates it is a six-month program for dentists interested in prosthodontics, periodontics, public health, and oral cancer screening, and covers approaches to medically compromised patients and aging oral tissues. The cost of the program is $6,000 plus an additional $265 for membership in the American Society of Geriatric Dentistry.
Fellowship programs in medicine by texila american universitytexila123
Fellowship, by itself, means a period of medical training, where a doctor or a physician would undertake on successful completion of the residency programs.
Medical Careers
Medical assistants help nurses and doctors provide patient care by greeting patients, taking vitals, scheduling appointments, and ensuring medical supplies are stocked. The average salary is $17,000-$18,000. Pediatricians care for children's health by examining, diagnosing, and treating illnesses and injuries. Becoming a pediatrician requires 8 years of education beyond high school including 4 years of medical school and 3-8 years of residency, with an average salary of $124,360 per year. Veterinarians care for animal health by examining for illness or injury and sometimes performing surgeries. Becoming a veterinarian requires a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree which takes 4 years of study.
Medical Careers
Medical assistants help nurses and doctors provide patient care by greeting patients, taking vitals, scheduling appointments, and ensuring medical supplies are stocked. The average salary is $17,000-$18,000. Pediatricians care for children's health by examining, diagnosing, and treating illnesses and injuries. Becoming a pediatrician requires 8 years of education beyond high school including 4 years of medical school and 3-8 years of residency, with an average salary of $124,360 per year. Veterinarians care for animal health by examining for illness or injury and sometimes performing surgeries. Becoming a veterinarian requires a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree which takes 4 years of study.
6-Family Health Care Setting part two family clinics 2022.pdfMedoNabawey1
This document outlines different types of family health clinics and their purposes. It discusses general clinics that provide services like emergency care and immunizations. Maternal and child health clinics focus on prenatal, postnatal, and child care. Specialty clinics are run by specialists in areas like diabetes, cardiology, and tuberculosis. The key roles of family health nurses in clinics include assisting doctors, maintaining patient records, providing treatment and education, and helping to promote a clean clinic environment. Overall, the document provides an overview of family health clinic settings and services.
One-year fellowship program in reproductive medicineIVF Treatment
A one-year fellowship program in reproductive medicine is an excellent opportunity for medical graduates interested in specializing in the field of reproductive health. This program provides in-depth training and practical experience in reproductive medicine and surgery, equipping fellows with the skills and knowledge needed to provide the best possible care to patients.
The document provides information on career pathways, improving one's CV, and pursuing medical training in the US/UK. It discusses popular countries for post-graduate medical training, important CV components, USMLE exams, obtaining US clinical experience, average physician salaries in the US, US residency programs and requirements. It also provides information on BHO, an organization founded to help vulnerable communities in Sudan through education initiatives.
Introduction to Primary Preventive Dentistry.pptxNathnaelGeb
This document provides an introduction to primary preventive dentistry. It defines key terms like health, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. It discusses strategies to reduce dental caries and periodontal disease like plaque control, fluoride therapy, sealants, and education. It emphasizes that primary prevention is most effective and least costly, and that early diagnosis and treatment are important when primary prevention fails. The goal of preventive dentistry is maintaining maximum oral health through a person's life.
The document discusses the career path of physical therapy. It provides a history of the field from its origins in ancient Greece to its growth in the United States in the early 20th century. Physical therapists work to rehabilitate patients with injuries or chronic conditions using techniques like exercise and massage. The career is expected to grow significantly in coming years. Becoming a physical therapist requires obtaining a doctorate of physical therapy after completing undergraduate courses in subjects like anatomy and exercise science. The average salary for physical therapists is around $82,000 nationally.
Doctors help people stay healthy or get better when sick. They examine patients, do tests, and use their medical knowledge to determine what treatment is needed. There are many types of doctors that specialize in different areas of medicine. Doctors must continue learning to keep their skills and knowledge up to date throughout their careers. Being a doctor is rewarding but also involves long hours and ongoing studying.
Let's Talk Research Annual Conference - 24th-25th September 2014 (Gail Woodburn)NHSNWRD
"Maximising the potential of the clinical research nurse workforce in order to promote research and innovation": Gail Woodburn's presentation from the conference.
Webinar Series on COVID-19: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research, NIH
Speaker: Dr. Tan Hui Siu, Paediatrician subspecialized in Bioethics from Ampang Hospital, MOH Malaysia.
More info about the speaker and this webinar available here: https://clinupcovid.mailerpage.com/resources/j7t5n5-dnr-and-ethics-in-covid-19-era
This document discusses challenges in training human resources to provide care for illness and elderly patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It notes increasing demands for patient care as life expectancy rises and diseases become more chronic, but hospitals are overloaded. Relatives currently provide most patient care but are often too busy. There is a need to train more caregivers, but challenges include participants having varying education levels, new training curriculums, limited fees, and difficulties recruiting and organizing participants. Strategies proposed to address these challenges include using small group training, experienced experts, increased supervision, and support from executives and media.
The document provides information about the Cleft Lip and Palate program at King Abdulaziz Medical City, including its mission, objectives, achievements, views for the future, and roles of team members. The program aims to treat craniofacial anomalies and cleft lip and palate patients according to international standards of care in a patient-centered environment. It has been accredited by the American Cleft Palate Association and seeks to continue improving quality of care and conducting research.
DAY-CARE SURGERY IN CHILDREN [Autosaved].pptxgauthampatel
DAY-CARE SURGERY IN CHILDREN
Children are excellent candidates for day care management as they are usually healthy and predominantly require minor or intermediate surgery of short duration.
The goal of this webinar was to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the ethics and application of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for patients near the end of life.
This document discusses a distributed learning program in occupational medicine for family physicians. It aims to provide training to practicing physicians across large geographic areas without disrupting their practices. The program involves developing an occupational medicine training course with online modules and seminars to provide education, certification, and a peer network for handling work-related health issues. The founders have experience developing distributed learning programs and addressing the lack of occupational medicine training for physicians. Their goal is to sustain this program going forward to improve access to expertise in remote areas.
This document outlines the job profile for a Senior Staff Nurse position at Leaders in Oncology Care. The role involves providing specialist nursing care to cancer patients, ensuring high quality individualized care. Key responsibilities include patient assessment, documentation, clinical procedures like cannulation, communication with the multidisciplinary team, education of patients and families, and evaluation of patient care. The nurse will also support junior staff and students, maintain clinical competency, and deputize for the Senior Sister in their absence. Qualifications required include registration as an oncology nurse and experience in an outpatient cancer treatment setting.
This is the first and noble study on Early Childhood Caries conducted in 2015 - 2016 by Dr. Wazhma Hakimi. MD/MPH in Kabul, Afghanistan with surprising findings and results.
This document provides an overview of evaluating pediatric patients with thrombocytopenia. It defines degrees of thrombocytopenia and associated bleeding risks. The evaluation involves obtaining a detailed history, clinical assessment, and initial laboratory tests including a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear. The history aims to identify potential etiologies such as infections, drugs, recent illness or procedures. The clinical exam evaluates for signs of bleeding and possible underlying conditions. The blood tests can help determine if thrombocytopenia is real or pseudo, and provide clues to possible causes through findings on the peripheral smear. Further testing may then be guided by these initial findings.
Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes (IBMFS)
- Definition - Why, when and what?
- Clinical, laboratory and genomic approach?
- Key features of the clinical & lab evaluation?
-Malignancy risk, treatment, follow up
Benign hematology lecture includes:
Tips and tricks in cbc reading, approach to anemia, approach to plat count disorders, indications of lymph node biopsy
The document discusses the diagnosis of desmoid fibromatosis (DF). It states that the diagnosis is usually made through a combination of history, physical examination, imaging, and biopsy. On imaging, DF typically appears as a solid mass with variable echogenicity on ultrasound. CT and MRI are more accurate and can show the extent of infiltration. MRI is the best imaging modality, demonstrating low signal on T1-weighted imaging and variable signal on T2-weighted imaging depending on the collagen content. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis, as imaging features are non-specific. The diagnosis is usually made in young adults presenting with a painless mass or lump. Location depends on the type of DF, which can be
This document discusses several case scenarios related to neuroblastoma. It begins with the case of a 4-month-old girl brought to the pediatrician for projectile vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound reveals an adrenal mass, and further workup is suggested. The second case involves a 3-year-old boy presenting with hip, leg, and back pain who is found to have a large abdominal mass and decreased breath sounds. The third case is a 4-year-old boy with fever, fatigue, and weight loss, who is found to have a large adrenal mass and widespread lymphadenopathy. Molecular studies confirm MYCN-amplified high-risk neuroblastoma. The document then reviews treatment strategies, complications, and
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in early childhood. It accounts for about 8% of all childhood cancers. Current risk classification systems for neuroblastoma utilize age at diagnosis, disease stage, tumor histology, and key tumor genomic features to assign patients to appropriate therapy groups based on risk of disease recurrence. The systems stratify patients into very low, low, intermediate, and high risk groups. Important prognostic factors include age, stage, MYCN status, tumor ploidy, and loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 1p and 11q.
Internet is an excellent source for information, you can knew internet search engines, pediatric sites, continuing medical education and evidence based medicine.
The document discusses medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor in children. MB originates in the cerebellum and projects into the fourth ventricle. It is thought to arise from primitive neuroepithelial cells. On imaging, MB typically appears as a large lobulated mass in the posterior fossa that compresses the fourth ventricle and causes hydrocephalus. Molecular analysis has classified MB into four subgroups: SHH, WNT, Group III, and Group IV, which have different characteristics and prognoses. Prognostic factors include age at diagnosis, extent of disease, extent of resection, histology, and biological markers.
All u want to knew about epidemiology, pathology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, investigation, differential diagnosis, different treatment modalities.
1. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a cancer of the white blood cells characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.
2. CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases and presents with splenomegaly, basophilia and elevated white blood cell count.
3. Treatment has advanced significantly with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib that target the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein resulting from the Philadelphia chromosome. These drugs have improved survival rates and altered the treatment landscape for CML.
- The tumor showed no MYCN amplification or loss of chromosome 1p, which are associated with a poorer prognosis. It had a near triploid number of chromosomes.
- Persisting residual tumors in patients with intermediate-risk neuroblastoma were not associated with progression despite imaging findings, as long as catecholamine levels were not elevated.
- Infants under 18 months with Stage 3 neuroblastoma had a significantly better 5-year event-free and overall survival than patients over 18 months.
More from National Cancer Institute, Cairo University - Children's Cancer Hospital - Egypt 57357 (11)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
1. • Mustafa Mohamed Selim
• Assistant Lecture at
• Pediatric Oncology Department (NCI)
• E-mail:d_mostafaselim@hotmail.com
• http://www.slideshare.net/guhyna
9. When u focus on your selection
U will save a lot of
time
10. • He is a physician who has completed a
minimum of 6 years of training after
medical school.
• The training begins with a 3-year residency
in pediatrics. During this time, residents
gain some exposure to pediatric
hematology-oncology as part of required
and elective inpatient and outpatient
rotations.
11. • Some residency programs also offer
opportunities to engage in a short-term
clinical or laboratory research project.
• Many who enter the field develop their
initial interest as pediatric residents
experiencing the challenges and joys of
caring for children with complex disorders
such as cancer, sickle-cell disease, and
hemophilia.
12. Is hematology-oncology depressing?
• Cancer remains the leading cause of death
from disease in children younger than 15 years
old.
• Most of us have been touched by older loved
ones who have succumbed to cancer.
• Dealing with death and dying can be
depressing, but the field of pediatric
hematology-oncology is certainly not.
13. Is hematology-oncology depressing?
• Survival rates for most childhood cancers
have increased; almost all children are now
treated with curative intent and in most cases
treatments are successful.
• Cure rates for all childhood cancers are
approximately 75%, and most centers have
“off therapy” programs to follow these
children.
14. Is hematology-oncology depressing?
• Many find it rewarding to care for patients
with complex diseases and to provide long-
term care for patients during treatment and
after therapy.
• The emerging field of palliative care provides
extensive support and resources for dying
patients, families, physicians, and the
treatment team.
15. Is hematology-oncology depressing?
• Death rates for other diseases that pediatric
oncologists-hematologists treat (e.g.,
hemophilia, sickle-cell anemia, thalassemia)
have declined dramatically, so many children
with hematologic disorders are expected to
have a nearly normal lifespan.
• Pediatric hematology-oncology specialists now
practice as part of multidisciplinary teams,
with many providing care and comfort to
dying children and their families.
16.
17. What is the lifestyle of a pediatric hematology-oncology specialist?
• Despite the hard work, most pediatric
hematology-oncology specialists are able to
design their career so that their professional
life is well balanced with leisure and family
time.
• However, virtually all work more than 45
hours a week, so those considering a pediatric
hematology-oncology career should be
prepared to work hard during training and
thereafter.
18. What about income?
• Most employment opportunities for pediatric
hematology-oncology specialists offer a
comfortable lifestyle.
What is the current market for these specialists?
• The need for physicians trained to diagnose and treat children
with cancer and hematologic disorders remains strong.
• Unfortunately, the incidence of virtually all of these diseases
(sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, childhood cancer) is not
decreasing, and some are even becoming more common.
• Moreover, the diagnostic and treatment strategies, although more
effective, are increasingly sophisticated, requiring specialized
physicians to care for these children.
19.
20. What are opportunities exist for a pediatric hematology-
oncology specialist?
• The most common pathway after completing
a fellowship is a position as an instructor or
assistant professor of pediatrics in an
academic pediatric hematology-oncology
division.
• A small but important subset of pediatric
hematology-oncology specialists, after
completing their standard fellowship training,
devote extra years to laboratory experience,
which sometimes follows or includes
obtaining a doctoral degree.
21. What are opportunities exist for a pediatric hematology-
oncology specialist?
• Other researchers focus on clinical
investigation. These individuals often receive
extended training in epidemiology,
biostatistics, and protocol design, and some
obtain a master’s degree in public health.
• Still others pursue the private practice of
pediatric hematology-oncology or are
employed by pharmaceutical firms.
• Travel to and participate in exciting scientific
meetings, to network and become friends
with colleagues from around the world.
22. What is opportunities exist for a pediatric hematology-
oncology specialist in Egypt?
23. What are opportunities exist for a pediatric hematology-
oncology specialist in Egypt?
• You can apply for pediatric oncology master
degree after M.B.B.CH.
• You can apply for pediatric oncology doctoral
degree after:
o Master degree in pediatric oncology or
o Master degree in general pediatric
• You can apply for Egyptian pediatric oncology
fellowship after master degree in general pediatric.
• You can apply for fellowship program between
Children Cancer Hospital Egypt (57357) and Dana-
Farber cancer institute (Boston).
24. Where is a pediatric hematology-oncology specialist in
Cairo (Egypt) can work?
• National Cancer Institute, Cairo University
• Children Cancer Hospital Egypt (57357)
• Nasser Institute For Research and Treatment