Why neural translations are the right length

•

0 likes•135 views

The document discusses why neural machine translation (NMT) models are better than statistical machine translation (SMT) models at producing translations of the appropriate length. It shows that SMT models tended to generate shorter translations due to optimizing for BLEU score, while NMT models directly optimize for maximum likelihood and thus produce lengthier translations that match the source text. The document then demonstrates this concept using a toy copying task, where an NMT model is able to match the length of input strings during translation more accurately than SMT models.

Engineering

Why Neural Translations are
the Right Length
Xing Shi, Kevin Knight, Deniz Yuret
EMNLP 2016, short

Introduction
● One of the most remarkable feature of NMT is that
it produces translations of the right length.
○ In SMT, length of the output tend to be shorter due to using BLEU.
○ MERT avoided this problem, but it was the temporary relief.
● Following table show the reason of this problem
SMT NMT
Training Maximum BLEU training Maximum likelihood training
Clarity of finising translating clear not clear
Path numbers of Beam serch heavy Far fewer from the SMT’s

Toy problem
● Copy a input sentence as a output sentence.
○ Vocabularies: only 3 words, ‘a’, ‘b’, and ‘<EOS>’
○ Max length of inputs: 9
○ Encoder-Decoder
○ only 4 hidden-unit LSTM

Result 1
● left: unit1-unit2, right: unit3-unit4

Result
1. “string length”
2. “The number of ‘b’ - that of ‘a’ ”
3. “Initial character of a string is ‘b’ if this values < 1.0.”
4. “Positive correlation between this value and the number of ‘b’
Negative correlation between this value and the length.”

Result 2
● Value1 decrease about 1.0 each time
a letter is read.
● Value1 increase about 1.0 each time
a letter is written.
● If value1 reaches 0, probability of
decoding ‘<EOS>’.

Translation
● WMT2014 En-Fr (12,075,604 pairs)
● 2 layers, 1000-unit LSTM encoder-decoder
(not use “Attention”)
● Using the least squares method to find the cell.

Result
● 109 and 334 maybe
controls the length
● P(‘<EOS>’) shaply
increases when both
value are reach 0
(from 10-8
to 0.998)
(This is the last slide.)

This document defines symbols and their meanings used in BNF and EBNF notation for describing programming language syntax. It explains that EBNF was invented to address disadvantages of BNF, such as being easier to read and having fewer issues with repetition and optional elements. The key differences between BNF and EBNF are shown, such as using {} and [] in EBNF to indicate repetition and optional elements instead of recursion in BNF. An example EBNF diagram for a basic if statement is constructed at the end.

Fundamentals of Data compression

M.k. Praveen

This document discusses various methods of data compression. It begins by defining compression as reducing the size of data while retaining its meaning. There are two main types of compression: lossless and lossy. Lossless compression allows for perfect reconstruction of the original data by removing redundant data. Common lossless methods include run-length encoding and Huffman coding. Lossy compression is used for images and video, and results in some loss of information. Popular lossy schemes are JPEG, MPEG, and MP3. The document then proceeds to describe several specific compression algorithms and their encoding and decoding processes.

Data Compression - Text Compression - Run Length Encoding

MANISH T I

Run-length encoding (RLE) replaces consecutive repeated characters in data with a single character and count. For example, "aaabbc" would compress to "3a2bc". RLE works best on data with many repetitive characters like spaces. It has limitations for natural language text which contains few repetitions longer than doubles. Variants include digram encoding which compresses common letter pairs, and differencing which encodes differences between successive values like temperatures instead of absolute values.

Introduction Data Compression/ Data compression, modelling and coding,Image C...

Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai

Data communication & computer networking: Huffman algorithm

Dr Rajiv Srivastava

SRAM Design

Bharat Biyani

Designed a fully customized 128x10b SRAM by constructing schematic & virtuoso layout of memory cell array (6T cell), row & column decoder, pre-charge circuit, write circuit and sense amplifier using Cadence. Manually placed and routed all components, performed DRC & LVS debugging of constructed schematic and layout and ran PEX to generate the final Netlist, Hspice Spectre simulation of final design for verification of the correct functionality and analysis of best read, best write cycles & the worst case timing for read and write. Timing and power consumed is analyzed through STA-Primetime (Static timing Analysis)

Source coding

MOHIT KUMAR

This document summarizes several source coding techniques: Arithmetic coding encodes a message into a single floating point number between 0 and 1. Lempel-Ziv coding builds a dictionary to encode repeated patterns. Run length encoding replaces repeated characters with a code indicating the character and number of repeats. Rate distortion theory calculates the minimum bit rate needed for a given source and distortion. The entropy rate measures how entropy grows with the length of a stochastic process. JPEG uses lossy compression including discrete cosine transform and quantization to discard high frequency data imperceptible to humans.

On using monolingual corpora in neural machine translation

NAIST Machine Translation Study Group

This document summarizes research on leveraging monolingual corpora to improve neural machine translation. The researchers investigated two methods ("shallow fusion" and "deep fusion") for integrating a language model trained on monolingual data into the decoder of an NMT system. They found that both methods led to improved translation performance, with gains of over 1 BLEU point for lower-resource language pairs and around 0.4 BLEU point for higher-resource pairs. The degree of improvement depended on how similar the domain of the monolingual data was to the translation domain, with greater benefits observed when the domains closely matched.

This is the slide used in the oral presentation at PACLING2019. (For Japanese speakers) 本発表は私の修論発表と同等ですので、日本語がわかる方は以下のスライドの方が読みやすいかもしれません。 https://www.slideshare.net/HayahideYamagishi/ss-181147693/HayahideYamagishi/ss-181147693 Font has been changed the original one (Hiragino Maru Gothic Pro W4) into the other one by the SlideShare.

[修論発表会資料] 目的言語の文書文脈を用いたニューラル機械翻訳

Hayahide Yamagishi

[論文読み会資料] Beyond Error Propagation in Neural Machine Translation: Characteris...

Hayahide Yamagishi

[ACL2018読み会資料] Sharp Nearby, Fuzzy Far Away: How Neural Language Models Use C...

Hayahide Yamagishi

[NAACL2018読み会] Deep Communicating Agents for Abstractive Summarization

Hayahide Yamagishi

[論文読み会資料] Asynchronous Bidirectional Decoding for Neural Machine Translation

Hayahide Yamagishi

[ML論文読み会資料] Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehend

Hayahide Yamagishi

[EMNLP2017読み会] Efficient Attention using a Fixed-Size Memory Representation

Hayahide Yamagishi

[ML論文読み会資料] Training RNNs as Fast as CNNs

Hayahide Yamagishi

入力文への情報の付加によるNMTの出力文の変化についてのエラー分析

Hayahide Yamagishi

[ACL2017読み会] What do Neural Machine Translation Models Learn about Morphology?

Hayahide Yamagishi

1) The document examines what neural machine translation models learn about morphology through experiments analyzing the hidden states of NMT models. 2) It finds that character-based word representations better capture morphological information than word-based representations, and that lower encoder layers learn more about a word's structure while higher layers improve translation. 3) The target language does not significantly impact how much the model learns about source language morphology, and decoder states do not capture rich morphological information.

A hierarchical neural autoencoder for paragraphs and documents

Hayahide Yamagishi

The document describes 3 hierarchical LSTM models for generating coherent multi-sentence text: 1) Standard LSTM encodes/decodes a document as a single sequence. 2) Hierarchical LSTM encodes sentences then the document. 3) Hierarchical LSTM with attention encodes sentences then decodes with attention over encoded sentences. The models were evaluated on hotel reviews and Wikipedia using ROUGE, BLEU, and a coherence metric called L-value. The hierarchical LSTMs outperformed the standard LSTM, and hotel reviews were easier to generate than Wikipedia text.

ニューラル論文を読む前に

Hayahide Yamagishi

ニューラル日英翻訳における出力文の態制御

Hayahide Yamagishi

[EMNLP2016読み会] Memory-enhanced Decoder for Neural Machine Translation

Hayahide Yamagishi

[ACL2016] Achieving Open Vocabulary Neural Machine Translation with Hybrid Wo...

Hayahide Yamagishi

Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt

KrishnaveniKrishnara1

Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications. Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.

Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count

shahdabdulbaset

The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.

哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样

insn4465

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

Curve Fitting in Numerical Methods Regression

Nada Hikmah

Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx

Madan Karki

Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...

IJECEIAES

Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network

Recently uploaded

Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt

KrishnaveniKrishnara1

Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count

shahdabdulbaset

哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样

insn4465

Curve Fitting in Numerical Methods Regression

Nada Hikmah

Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx

Madan Karki

Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...

IJECEIAES

2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf

Yasser Mahgoub

ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx

JamalHussainArman

Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024

Sinan KOZAK

Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.

Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf

zubairahmad848137

Textile Chemical Processing and Dyeing.pdf

NazakatAliKhoso2

BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf

MIGUELANGEL966976

CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT

jpsjournal1

The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher. Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade, pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study, China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.

Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...

shadow0702a

This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL. The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process. The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging. It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal. Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages. Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.

学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样

171ticu

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member

VICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ

Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring

IJECEIAES

Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.

Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines

Christina Lin

Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.

132/33KV substation case study Presentation

kandramariana6

DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL

gerogepatton

As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities. Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition, our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection accuracy rate of 99.50%.

Recently uploaded (20)

Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt

Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count

哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样

Curve Fitting in Numerical Methods Regression

Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx

Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...

2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf

ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx

Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024

Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf

Textile Chemical Processing and Dyeing.pdf

BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf

CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT

Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...

学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member

Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring

Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines

132/33KV substation case study Presentation

DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL

Why neural translations are the right length

1. Why Neural Translations are the Right Length Xing Shi, Kevin Knight, Deniz Yuret EMNLP 2016, short

2. Introduction ● One of the most remarkable feature of NMT is that it produces translations of the right length. ○ In SMT, length of the output tend to be shorter due to using BLEU. ○ MERT avoided this problem, but it was the temporary relief. ● Following table show the reason of this problem SMT NMT Training Maximum BLEU training Maximum likelihood training Clarity of finising translating clear not clear Path numbers of Beam serch heavy Far fewer from the SMT’s

3. Toy problem ● Copy a input sentence as a output sentence. ○ Vocabularies: only 3 words, ‘a’, ‘b’, and ‘<EOS>’ ○ Max length of inputs: 9 ○ Encoder-Decoder ○ only 4 hidden-unit LSTM

4. Result 1 ● left: unit1-unit2, right: unit3-unit4

5. Result 1. “string length” 2. “The number of ‘b’ - that of ‘a’ ” 3. “Initial character of a string is ‘b’ if this values < 1.0.” 4. “Positive correlation between this value and the number of ‘b’ Negative correlation between this value and the length.”

6. Result 2 ● Value1 decrease about 1.0 each time a letter is read. ● Value1 increase about 1.0 each time a letter is written. ● If value1 reaches 0, probability of decoding ‘<EOS>’.

7. Translation ● WMT2014 En-Fr (12,075,604 pairs) ● 2 layers, 1000-unit LSTM encoder-decoder (not use “Attention”) ● Using the least squares method to find the cell.

9. Result ● 109 and 334 maybe controls the length ● P(‘<EOS>’) shaply increases when both value are reach 0 (from 10-8 to 0.998) (This is the last slide.)

Why neural translations are the right length

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Hayahide Yamagishi

More from Hayahide Yamagishi (16)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Why neural translations are the right length