Why Does It Matter For Us To Speak Or Pronounce Your...

Why Does It Matter For Us To Speak Or Pronounce Your...
Tell me, honestly, does everyone here is really, really, really fluent in their own native language. Be
it English or French or any other language for that matter. What I meant with native was that, does
anybody here can speak without any mistakes? No one. I bet that 100% of the people in the entire
world cannot speak fluently in their own mother tongue. Why, just why this situation, no
phenomenon happened? Or specifically, here in my speech, why does it matter for us to speak or
pronounce the word correctly? Well, let me tell you the answers to those "whys". Pronouncing the
word does matter in our everyday life. And there are the two main reasons why it does matter.
Firstly, it will avoid you to be misunderstood by other people. In other word, you want to avoid
being seen as a thoughtless, stupid or non–intellectual person. I know that many of you will not
agree with me on this one. But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, having a good pronunciation skills can improve your overall linguistic skills. Because
you practised your speech every day, listening to podcasts by native speakers, you proved yourself
that you are fluent or worthy in that particular language.
In conclusion, having a good pronunciation is very important in communication. By understanding
the significance of pronunciation, you will be able to get your message across to the person that you
speaking with. And who knows, it will open doors to many bright futures like job opportunities and
maybe new relationship with new people. As the famous South African politician, Nelson Mandela,
once said, "❝If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to
him in his own language, that goes to his heart.❞ Thank you very
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Critical Period Of Foreign / Second Language Acquisition...
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature which examines whether there is a critical
period in foreign/second language acquisition and in pronunciation for late learners. The Critical
Period Hypothesis refers to the claim that there is an optimal period for language acquisition which
ends around puberty (Lenneberg, 1967). Generally, the advanced level of cognitive development
enables adults to perform better than children in most areas. However, in the domain of language
learning, children seem to have an edge over adults. All children master their first language within a
proper environment. On average, children are more successful than adults in learning a
foreign/second language even with native–like competence. However, adults often struggle to learn
a foreign/second language and seem to fail to acquire the language. Therefore, researchers have
raised the question about whether there is an optimal period in language learning.
Lenneberg (1967) hypothesized that language should be acquired only within a critical period
between early age and puberty. Lenneberg's (1967) Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) considered
only the realm of first language acquisition, and there was affirmative or negative evidence for a
critical period influencing first language acquisition. All human beings are actually able to develop
first language proficiency within adequate stimuli. However, Genie (Curtiss, 1977) who could not
fully develop her first language due to cognitive and

Write an Opinion Piece Article in Which You Discuss the...
It seems unusual to start from scratch with such a thing. With there being several types of accents,
why must one feel like they should change theirs? As Text B illustrates, it seems as though it is
celebrities in particular that are changing their accents to fit in with 'showbiz' and the latest trends or
for a movie they will play a part in. Within seconds of meeting someone, we make judgements about
who they are just by the way they sound. Attitudes towards accents are based more on social
connotations and prejudices surrounding the location or social group associated with that accent
than on the sound itself.
The reason people may be obliged to change their accent is to feel like they fit in and not stand out,
so that people from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regional dialects were seen to be used by those from a lower class and being less intelligent.
However, regional dialects were given points for sounding warm, trustworthy, friendly and honest.
These positive connotations are usually for rural, beautiful landscapes. To find this, he got the same
actor to read a passage but in different accents and listeners had to score them.
An advantage of speaking RP is mainly the idea that one is widely understood all around the world.
In fact, 46% of company directors see it that regional accents are a disadvantage to business success
therefore, accent can be said to impact your chances of employability into a company. Some
regional accents evoke a positive response and can be an asset in certain occupations for example:
call centres in England tend to employ people who speak with a local accent such as from Ireland,
Scotland or Wales as Giles' work said that customers feel more comfortable interacting with an
operator that spoke with a 'friendly' regional accent.
Accent reduction schemes work on the basis that regional dialect will be viewed negatively in
workplace and attempt to change or completely change the way in which someone speaks. Evidence
contradicts this as some regional accents can evoke a positive response and can be an asset in some

Essay about Celta Assignment 1
CELTA WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 1
LANGUAGE RELATED TASKS
1) The plane leaves at 10.00 tomorrow.
a) Present simple; present form of the verb.
b) Talking about a future event. 'The present simple is used for 'timetabled' future events' .
c) Students may use the infinitive of the verb instead of the present. (F)
Students may use 'ing' (present participle) form of verb. (F)
Students may have difficulty understanding the use of the present simple to talk about the future.
(M)
Students may have difficulty understanding that it is a scheduled event. (M)
Students may have pronunciation difficulties with leaves, as it is said differently from how it is
spelt. (Ph)
Students may have pronunciation difficulties with the linking of 'leaves at' ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Ph)
Students may have pronunciation difficulties with linking of 'should go' / / as the vowel sound turns
from strong to weak when linked to other words. (Ph)
d) One person advising the other on health (you should exercise, you should eat healthy food).
e) Do you have to go to the doctor? (No).
Could you avoid going to the doctor? (Yes).
Have you already been to the doctor? (No).
4) She's a stranger / She's a foreigner.
a) Nouns; noun phrase.
b) A stranger is someone you have never met; a foreigner is someone who is not native to a country.
c) Students may have difficulty understanding that foreigners can be strangers and visa–versa. (M)
Students may have pronunciation difficulties with stranger / /. (Ph)
Students may have pronunciation difficulties with the word foreigner / /. (Ph)
d) Show students a photo of tourists next to the Pyramids in Egypt. Explain that they are my friends,
I know them, but they are foreigners in another country that they do not come from. Then tell
students a story of my first day at work when I did not know anyone and they were all strangers.
e) Do you know her? (No, she's a stranger).
Was she born here? (No, she's a foreigner).
5) I've just had lunch.

a) Present perfect; subject + have + just + past participle.
b) Talking about something that has recently happened; 'a finished

Phonics
Phonics seems to play an essential role in pronunciation skills in young learners. The recognition of
phonic sounds helps with language acquisition, pronunciation and development of other skills like
reading, spelling and writing. Training the young learner's ear to recognize the phonic sounds is the
first step towards good pronunciation, comprehension, memory recall and fluency. "Therefore, there
are really only two basic steps to learning a language: Master the perception and production of the
sounds and attach meanings to these sounds" (Ness, 2012). Keywords: Phonics, pronunciation,
language acquisition. The Importance of Phonics in Teaching English Pronunciation to Young
Learners There is a common misunderstanding about the importance of pronunciation and language.
"Many people think of language as being all about words and the grammatical structures and rules
that contain them. But in fact, language is about sounds and the meanings attached to them" (Ness,
2012). Pronunciation is not just important for language output, but also decoding and recognizing
speech that is heard. While attention is given to the correct pronunciation of words, there also needs
to be attention on listening skills. Sounds and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Phonics, teaches about the relationship between letters and combinations of letters and sounds.
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet, but, there are at least 55 sounds. Most are written by
combining letters in different ways. In schools throughout the English speaking world, it is used to
help students learn to read and spell quickly. By learning the relationship between the letters and
their respective sounds, the children use these skills to work out how to read and pronounce the
words they see. "It also helps them to guess how to spell most words. This greatly increases the
speed of learning. The focus on identifying sounds also helps English learners with pronunciation
and listening skills" (Jenkins,

The Importance Of English Language As A Global Language
English plays a very significant role as a global language. Sung (2014) posited that English has now
become a global language; it is increasingly used by speakers from different linguistic and cultural
backgrounds for intercultural communication. English language has become the world's most
powerful global language. Friedman (2009) stated that the dominance of the United States of
America in the 20th and 21st centuries have truly led to the spread of English language (Crystal,
2003) as the international language of communication, tourism, technology, science, medicine and
many other fields at the present time (Altbach, 2010 & Gradudol, 2006). It is considered to be the
essential mode of communication for people from many different nations (Cheng, 2009). Every
language has a principle to combine sounds segments to carry out meaningful words. Children adopt
sound rules through listening then attempting and making errors. Afterwards, they are able to build
up a linguistic competence through recognizing and producing meaningful sounds (Ahmad, 2011).
However, when students try to learn a second or foreign language, they face some difficulties
because of the different phoneme systems of the two languages. As a result, when they attempt to
speak a new language, they replace the sounds with other sounds that exist in their mother tongue.
Thus, it is difficult for EFL learners to adopt the sound system of English language because of the
interference of the mother tongue (Arabic language). For instance, most Arab speakers pronounce
the words play and cheap as blay and sheep, respectively. This kind of pronunciation problem
creates a great barrier in communication among the speakers (Ahmad, 2011). Trubetzkoy said that:
The phonological system of a language is like a sieve through which everything that is said
passes..... Each individual procure the framework of his mother tongue. But when he listens to
another language uttered he instinctively employments the commonplace "phonological strainer" of
his mother tongue to analyze what has been said. But, since this strainer is not suited for the foreign
language, various errors and mispronunciations are the result. The sounds of the foreign language
receive an

Features Of Estuary English
Introduction
A new buzzword, Estuary English, is supposed to be a new kind of English that is spreading quickly
throughout England, creating expectations about its future as possible standard accent. The aim of
this essay will be to introduce the reader into the environment of this particular variety of English, as
well as to provide a general overview about it.
This essay is structured as follows. Section 1 attempts to define Estuary English as well as to
establish its origins and geographical occurrence. Section 2 will provide account of the typical
stereotype of the EE speaker and how it has changed throughout time. And finally, in the third
section, major characteristics of this variety will be outlined in three different levels: phonological,
grammatical and lexical.
Definition, Origins and Geographical Dimension
Estuary English (EE) has been evident in the writings of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
or don't I?
» The omission of the –ly adverbial ending, as in They talked very quiet for a while.
» Generalization of the third person singular form, especially in narrative style, and generalized past
tense use of was. 3. Lexical Features
Furthermore, Estuary English also presents several distinctive lexical features, as mentioned by
Rosewarne (1994) and Coggle (1993):
» EE makes an extensive use of Americanisms. The most frequent examples are the use of Excuse
me instead of Sorry, and the constant repetition of the word mate.
» The word Cheers is frequently used instead of Thank you, but it can also means Goodbye.
» Extension of the actual meaning of the word basically to use it as a gap filler.
Conclusion
Summing up, Estuary English can be defined as a variant of English widely spoken in and around
London and, more generally, in the southeast of England and along the river Thames and its estuary.
It can be placed between "Queen's English" and Cockney and it uses some non–standard
grammatical forms and several divergences from

Teaching Pronunciation : English As A Second Language ( Esl )
Teaching Pronunciation to ESL Students Please provide instructions for exercises that help teach
pronunciation to ESL students. Student age may vary. Audience: Teachers.
Lesson Description
Proper pronunciation is an essential skill for ESL students to develop. In this lesson, we will provide
ideas for a variety of activities to teach pronunciation to ESL students of varying ages and language
levels.
!!!The Importance of Pronunciation
"If you make yourself understood, you are always speaking well." Are you familiar with this quote?
It was written by Moliere, a French playwright, in the 17th Century, but it may as well have been
written today about the purpose of teaching pronunciation in the English as a Second Language
(ESL) classroom.
As an ESL teacher, you have a first–hand knowledge that pronunciation is an essential for ESL
students in order to communicate appropriately and fluently. Since it can take years for an English
learner to achieve advanced linguistic grammatical proficiency, students with limited language skills
must rely on proper pronunciation to make themselves understood and avoid mistakes in
communication.
Below are some effective and interesting ways to teach pronunciation so your students can improve
their understanding of the English language as well as their ability to be understood!
!!Improving Pronunciation through Listening
To improve their speaking and listening skills, ESL students benefit from hearing proper
pronunciation. Below are some ideas

Learn Korean
Korean alphabet covered in this lesson: 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 Pronunciation Tips from a youtuber
commented on this video (applies to the next video too). * 가 – Gah is like saying the "c" in car * 카
– Kah is saying the "k" sound using your stomach muscles * 다 – Dah is saying the "t" sound but
your tongue is placed in the back half of your mouth * 타 – Tah is having your tongue placed right
on or behind your teeth * 라 – Lah is saying ra but you add the "l" and roll your tongue. Llra * 바 –
Bah is saying pa but frowning when you do it * 파 – Pah is having the "p" come from your stomach
* 자 – Jah is saying cha but as soon as the "ch" comes out, drop your chin and open mouth. * 차 –
Cha is made using cleanched teeth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to "Ladis and Gentlement!" in English. » 예요/이에요 both coming 해요 style of the basic
verb "이다" but "예요" follows a vowel whereas "이에요" follows a consonant when preceeding
syllable is a part of a noun. » 만나서 반갑습니다 is the "nice to meet you!" in Korean. » 합니다
style: 만나서 반갑습니다. » 해요 style: 만나서 반가워요. pronunciation: » [안녕하세요, 여러분!
사라예요. 만나서 반갑슴니 다]. translation: » Hi, everybody! (I am) Sara. Nice to meet you. more
details: » 만나서: because (we) meet or met » basic verb @만나다 means "to meet" » 반갑습니다
is from @반갑다 (to be glad) #4 안녕하세요, 전 김필숙입니다. 지금 변호사예요. keypoint: »
Korean name order: Last name (김) + First name (필숙) – this is opposite order to that of English
name. » Usually no space between the last name and the first name: then you might ask "How do I
know how much is the last name part and the rest?" » Typical Korean name has THREE syllables
including the last name. » Typically the Last name is the first ONE syllable and the next two
syllables are for the First name. » Usually many more than 99% people has ONE syllable last names
(e.g. 김(Kim), 이(Lee), 박(Park), and so on). » Also, usually Korean people 's first name has TWO
syllables. However, these days more and more people have one or more than two syllables first
names. pronunciation: » [안녕하세요, 전 김필수김니다. 지금 변호사예요.] translation: » Hi,
everybody! I am Philsook Kim. I am a lawyer at the moment. more details: » 변호사: lawyer. #5 안
녕하세요, 전 강호동이에요.

Literature Review : Language Attitudes
Literature Review Draft 1. Introduction to language attitudes Language attitudes, which include
people's perception about the language variety in their own community and language varieties in
other communities, has been one of the crucial topics in sociolinguistics since 1960s. When people
speak of affective qualities of a language variety, it is not the language that is being evaluated, but
an underlying stereotype of the speakers themselves. For this reason, attitudes toward divergent
language varieties "are better understood as attitudes towards the members of language
communities" rather than the variety itself (Edwards, 1994, p. 89). In this way, then, by judging the
speakers of in–group language varieties, respondents are also indirectly evaluating members of these
in–groups as well , essentially making qualitative judgments regarding language and their own
group identity (Edwards, 1985). Fundamentally, as Edwards (1985) writes, language attitudes "allow
some insights into the perception and presentation of identity" (p. 151). Therefore, by looking at
attitudes of learners of Mandarin toward regional accented–Mandarin, we can probably understand
whether this language variety is more likely to be used, emulated, and accepted throughout learners
of Mandarin. The way to figure out what are people's attitudes towards a language variety is to
conduct attitude surveys. Several investigative techniques have been adopted during the long history
of language attitude studies,

Celta Assignment 2
Assignment 2
Language related task
Example 1: We can put off sleeping for a limited period. (Lexis)
Meaning
The lexis Put off means that we do not want to do it now. We will do it at a later time. Synonym
Procrastinate
Concept Questions:
Do we want to do it now? No
Will we do it later? Yes
Form
Base Verb + Adverb + Phrasal verb put off sleeping
Put off is a phrasal verb used in everyday language by native English speakers
Pronunciation
can put off sleeping Phonemic pronunciation: / pʊt ɒf /
There is linking with the weak form of off in this verbal phrase.
The sentence stress in on the phrasal verb put off and the continuous verb sleeping
Appropriacy: Informal, can be used when you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are thinking that this is a past tense sentence because invented is being used in its past form in
this conditional sentence.
Solution: The sentence will need to be written on the white board and broken down into its separate
parts. After you diagram the sentence for the students they will be able to see that this is a
probability not a possibility and understand that you are speaking as if it has happened even though
it has not.
Problem: Students still are confused with the context. Why is there a question at the end?
Solution: Use your concept questions to reinforce the meaning of the sentence. Show them the
meaning of the 4 conditions Zero, First, Second and Third
Example 4: Everything that has happened to us during the day (Grammar)
Meaning
The has happened in this grammar structure is in the past and is not a finished action yet. The action
could still be continuing. The sentence does not tell you that it is completed.
Concept Questions:
Is the action finished? No

Will it continue? Yes
Do you know when it started? No
Was this at night? No, it was during the day
Form
Singular present verb (3rdpers) + Past participle Has Happened
Has happened is a 3rd person singular verb used in the present perfect tense.
Pronunciation

Difficulties In Teaching Pronunciation
Most of English teachers tend to teach their non–native students grammar rules and vocabulary, get
them to participate in communicative activities and become qualified in reading and listening. As a
result, teaching pronunciation is not taken into account due to teachers' assumption of having a lot to
do rather than focusing on proper pronunciation. Apparently, they claim that students will acquire it
throughout learning. Therefore, there is no need to allocate time for teaching pronunciation.
Accordingly, ESL learners encounter many difficulties in proper pronunciation.
First, we can distinguish between "accents" and "dialect". The former refers to the differences only
in pronunciation that may occur due to geographical differences, social and cultural differences, and
different educational background. The latter indicates the variety of a language, which differs in
things other than pronunciation such as vocabulary, grammar, and word order. We can spot some of
the factors that affect the pronunciation of ESL learners especially Arabs. Accordingly, the
interference of the learners' native language and the learner's age can determine the accuracy of his
pronunciation; the younger is he the easier he will master good pronunciation. Further, the amount
of exposure to English exceeds the ability to speak native–like English, especially if the learner is
living in an English speaking environment.
From my personal experience, when I was an Arab ESL language learner, my friends

Critical Period And Language Acquisition
Critical Period and Language Acquisition
Fatemeh Akhavan Kazemzadeh
Department of Literature and Humanity
Abstract
A common belief concerning Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) is that after a certain age, usually
after fifteen years of age or simply after puberty, native–like proficiency of adult language learners
would be markedly less successful than their younger counterparts. Given the general failure
experienced by adults when trying to learn a second language, many researchers have come to a
common conclusion that there is a critical period for the domain of language learning. Lots of
studies have been done in this regard. Now, the most accepted idea among linguists is that adults are
more or less capable of learning the syntax of a second language. In terms of learning pronunciation,
however, researchers were confronted with controversial and diverse results making them believe
differently. The focus of this paper is hence on the studies done on adults' learning of language
pronunciation. It is aimed here to give a review of some of the related literatures describing the
support or challenges toward this hot topic. The findings revealed that while syntax can be easily
learned by adults, this is by no means the case for their learning of pronunciation. Because although
most of them can pick up native–like pronunciation, there are some of them who fail to achieve it
and this is partly due to the fact that their L2 pronunciation is affected by their

English Controlled Assessment Essay
English Controlled Assessment
The English language, although used by almost all across the United Kingdom, has been mutated
and altered in so many ways that sometimes we cannot even understand it ourselves.
One of the main factors that affects our understanding of the language is one's regional accent.
Although most words and phrases will be comprehensible some phonetics may have changed so
much that all we can do is hope that the context of what has been said makes sense in order for us to
'fill in the gaps'.
My paternal grandmother, as related to me by my father, spoke with a West Country accent. 'West
Country' refers to a large band of accents heard in the South of England, starting about fifty miles
West of London and extending to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My father works in a field where it is nearly impossible to rise through the ranks if you are not well
spoken and do not show understanding of the subject in hand, which is usually done by using the
semantic field associated with his profession, such as IMF– international monetary fund. PAYE–
pay as you earn, and CT– corporation tax. By using his semantic field when he talks to his
colleagues, he can distance himself from people who do not understand technical terms. For
example, he works in a department called MTIC, which might seem confusing, but by using simple
abbreviations, 'Missing Trader Intra–Community' can be said without everyone being able to
understand.
His ability to converge supports Howard Giles' 'Accommodation theory'. His ability to adjust his
speech with a variety of classes in the work place makes it easier to communicate, and helps the
people that he is talking to to feel more comfortable and may make it easier for them to understand
what is being presented.
For example, when he is explaining something to me, he uses a calm tone of voice giving examples
that I can relate to. However, when talking to his boss he uses an assertive, confident tone, wider
vocabulary and terms that are recognised in relation to the subject.
It isn't essential to be able to converge and disguise your language using technical abbreviations but
in my father's profession, where there is an element of guardedness, it may be necessary that not
everyone knows exactly what he

Teaching Pronunciation to Esl Adult Learners
UNSL– Ciclo de Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa Review Paper Teaching pronunciation to ESL
adult learners Abstract The acquisition of pronunciation proficiency may be one of the most intricate
areas for ESL adult learners. For years it has been argued that adults have great difficulty in learning
a second language, especially its phonological aspects. This paper aims at reviewing the theory
regarding second language learning and at finding evidence in previous research that adults are
capable of learning a foreign language as successfully as children. In relation with pronunciation
learning, there is evidence that adults may not acquire foreign sounds with the same accuracy as
children do. However, it also possible to find within the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.3 The Natural Approach This approach is proposed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell, who
suggest that adults can acquire all but the phonological aspects of a second language and that the
capacity to acquire an L2 is not necessarily affected after puberty. In fact, adults can make use of
their abstract, solving–problem skills to better acquire a language (Kiymazarslan, V. 1995). It has
been argued that children before puberty pick–up the language naturally, whereas adults have to
learn it, making the acquisition of the language a conscious effort on the part of the adult. However,
the Natural Approach hand in hand with Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (Mason, T. 2002),
argue that the human brain is pre–programmed to learn languages and that this device is active and
available at any moment of the learner's life. There is not much research done on adult cognitive
behavior regarding the phonological aspect of the target language in relation with the LAD or the
Natural Approach. 2.4 Piaget's Developmental Theory According to Atherton (2011), Jean Piaget's
Developmental Theory is a seminal work in the field of education. Although Piaget was a biologist
and he devoted most of his early works to the study of mollusks, he later on moved into the study of
children's minds and their progress as they grew up. He mainly worked with the children in his
family and his methodology was mainly interactional. Piaget

The First 4th Of July Research Paper
The First 4th of July. (The tongue) It was the very first time we did not see the 4th of July fireworks,
we did indeed not see them ever before. Fireworks must have been ripping the sky above Manhattan
and thousands of spectators were staring at them. But my wife and I were peacefully snoring on the
queen–sized airbed in the hot as a stove room in concrete jungles of Brooklyn. Just about 7 hours
ago our non–stop, and almost eleven hour–long Delta flight from Kiev to New York landed in JFK,
concluding our 2–day journey to the new world. The crowd of passengers quickly flooded the JFK
terminal 4 filling border patrol booths. I heard people talking Russian, English Hebrew, and other
languages. "Melting pot," thought I in Ukrainian. My wife Galyna and I went to the booth marked
for immigrants. Border patrol officer looked like she was not really enjoying working on the
holiday. She asked us to give her our passports, looked angrily at us and down the passports and
again, then loudly stamped them and pointed her finger at the door in the corner and mumbled,
"Over there." I was a bit upset, expecting to hear something ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Up to $16/h." So she said, "Why don't you give it a try.", and I responded "That's our chance, baby."
I walked in to pizza place and asked cashier if they needed drivers. The cashier called the manager,
who literally asked me just a few questions, about my immigration status, if I had a social security
number, if I had a car with GPS and when can I start. Next day at 10 AM I was at work and I was
very excited. I thought that I will be working with English speaking co–workers, but almost all the
folks at the pizzeria were from Brazil and spoke fluent Portuguese and broken English. They almost
never spoke English, except when with the customer or I asked for help, so I could not rely on work
environment too much to learn any

Received Pronunciation: Historical Background and Application
ARTSAKH STATE UNIVERSITY English Language Department A Thesis to Acquire Master's
Degree Received Pronunciation: Historical Background and Application Performer: Hamest
Mkrtchyan Superviser: Narine Hairiyan Stepanakert 2010 Contents Introduction Chapter I. The
Evolution of Received Pronunciation 1.1 Spread of English 1.2 The origin of RP and its definitions
Chapter II RP and Non–RP: similarities and difference 2.1 Changes in the standard 2.2 Regional
Non–RP accents 2.3 The American variant of English Conclusion Bibliography Introduction The
term "Received Pronunciation" (RP) has in the course of this century come to designate–at least
among linguists and EFL ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A great importance is also given to a new kind of generic southern accent: Estuary English, which
admits people to the inner circle and acts as a "class barrier". It's interesting to note that Margaret
Thatcher adopted RP to appear more educated, power, and authoritative to the electorate, while Tony
Blair has swapped RP for Estuary English in an attempt to identify more closely with the people he
represents. British phoneticians A.C Gimson (1964), A. C. Hughes (1997), estimate that nowadays
RP is not homogenous. A.C. Gimson suggests generally distinguish between three different forms of
RP: conservative, general, and advanced. The second chapter deals with changes in the standard:
both diachronic and synchronic. We study non – RP accents of England, American variant of
English and their difference from and relationship to RP. We explore some remarkable similarities
between phonological data collected by L. Mugglestone (2003), A. D. Shweitzer (1195). As for
American variant we must say that it has been very thoroughly described by many prominent
scholars both in the UK and in the USA. In this research work, however, we try to follow the
conception introduced by A.D. Shweitzer (1195) in his sociolinguistic approach to the treatment of
contemporary speech situation in America. American English has drifted considerably from English
though as yet not enough to give us ground to

Hunting Goose Dogs Research Paper
Hunting goose dogs, but however there are never any mistakes from undergraduate pronunciation
haven scapegoat accentuate. Alliteration analogy antibody, but aspire bamboozled consequently,
bizarre boisterous boycott. Moreover, camouflage commemorate chronology cower decorum.
Nevertheless, deduction design despondent dialogue divulge. Notwithstanding, electric ellipse
embargo exponent enthusiastic exult. Conversely, fallacy flourish gargoyle formidable guerrilla guru
heritage. Ordinarily, hieroglyphic hologram hypocrisy immune impertinent. Hunting goose dogs, but
however there are never any mistakes from undergraduate pronunciation haven scapegoat
accentuate. Alliteration analogy antibody, but aspire bamboozled consequently, bizarre boisterous
boycott. Moreover, camouflage commemorate chronology cower decorum. Nevertheless, deduction
design despondent dialogue divulge. Notwithstanding, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alliteration analogy antibody, but aspire bamboozled consequently, bizarre boisterous boycott.
Moreover, camouflage commemorate chronology cower decorum. Nevertheless, deduction design
despondent dialogue divulge. Notwithstanding, electric ellipse embargo exponent enthusiastic exult.
Conversely, fallacy flourish gargoyle formidable guerrilla guru heritage. Ordinarily, hieroglyphic
hologram hypocrisy immune impertinent. Hunting goose dogs, but however there are never any
mistakes from undergraduate pronunciation haven scapegoat accentuate. Alliteration analogy
antibody, but aspire bamboozled consequently, bizarre boisterous boycott. Moreover, camouflage
commemorate chronology cower decorum. Nevertheless, deduction design despondent dialogue
divulge. Notwithstanding, electric ellipse embargo exponent enthusiastic exult. Conversely, fallacy
flourish gargoyle formidable guerrilla guru heritage. Ordinarily, hieroglyphic hologram hypocrisy
immune

Myth 17 And Myth 20 From The Book Language Myths
Introduction In this day and age it is important that one understands the different myths in society.
Myth 17 and Myth 20 from the book Language Myths edited by Laurie and Peter Trudgill address
many myths that the average layman may have concerning language. I will address the main ideas
and my overall insight about Myth 17 and Myth 20. Myth 17 Myth 17 describe by Dennis R Preston
is on the topic of language and the different way people speak in the states. The myth is that some
varieties of a language are not as good as others (Bauer and Trudgill, 1998). In every region or area
it is known to the members of the society that there is a specific type of dialogues spoken. One very
important fact that was mentioned in Myth 17 was language variety does not correlate with
intelligence or competence (Bauer and Trudgill, 1998). From the findings of the different studies we
easily see how there is an overall bias from each group that gives their input. We also see that there
is an overall trend of people from other parts of the America that believe New York and the south do
not speak regular English. We also see how it 's very subjective and when participants of the study in
New York the south they thought they had really good English language. My reaction to Myth 17 is
very simple. I always thought there is proper way in way English should be spoken. After reading
this chapter I really understood that we all have our different views and sometimes we are biased on
our views on

Language And Pronunciation Of The Beryl's Chocolate '
1.5 Language and pronunciation of the brand name
Language of the brand name was a part of the logo that also influences consumers strongly. In
Malaysia, if the brand name was use in English, consumers will have a thought that the quality of
the brand was higher compare to those brand names in Malay or Chinese language that sound very
local. Some of the local brand even using some Italian, French or others Europe country language to
give their brand name, and let consumers feel that it is a foreign brand product. When consumers
linked it to foreign products, they will feel that this product was more luxury and quality.
Some of the Malaysia local brand was well known but most of the consumers do not know it is local
brand. Example like Vincci, Padini, Nose, Bonia, and Beryl's Chocolate and many more. Let's talk
about the Beryl's Chocolate which was actually founded at 1995 in Malaysia. The name of Beryl's
was actually an feminine name of Sanskrit origin. Consumers will always have a thought that
foreign product must be higher quality than local product, and also some of the consumers was
brand conscious to foreign product, this type of brand name was very influence this categories of
consumers. That's why nowadays many companies was starting to use English and others language
to let their brand sound and look not very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Try to think that if The Disney does not make copyright on the Waltograph, maybe others company
will take it to become their own company logo, and this will make the Disney logo not more special
and the only one. And even worst if the company that take away the Waltograph apply for the
copyright, The Walt Disney Company will become the party that tort the law and have to change
their logo because they are not allow to use the Waltograph anymore because the law entity.
Therefore, every company should register their trademark and copyright for their brand name and
logo to avoid the

Ellis Parker Butler On Spelling
In Ellis Parker Butler's article "On Spelling", examines that the spelling profession is nonsense and
should be abandoned. The article is written from three starting points: the situation of writers like
him at that time, his understanding of the mistakes in pronunciation in the 1900's, and Butler's
theory about pronunciation. Those ideas are supported with aphorisms, appeal to emotions,
rhetorical paradoxes, and connotations. He also provides examples about himself between lines and
lines to further explains the ideas with a hint of humor. Although Butler could explain more details
about his theory's advantages, his article argues the hazards in English pronunciation in the 1900s
effectively.
Butler uses an example of his wife to start off his first idea–––the opinions about pronunciation at
that time. College professors clearly know that having ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He points out that in 'although', only 'altho' is doing all the work, and 'ugh' doesn't have any uses.
What he is thinking about is to make 'ugh' as the third syllable. Also, Butler asserts that "Doubtless
the asthmatic islanders who concocted our English language actually pronounced it so." He
compares the islanders with Americans that even isolated people are following the way that the
word is written to pronounce, but the Americans, don't have any rules to pronounce words. In
addition, after Butler expresses his theory about English pronunciation, he says the advantage is
manifest, yet he also declares that "It is so manifest that I am afraid it will never be adopted." This
sentence is written with connotation and a little despair. Butler has certitude in there are errors in the
system of spelling and pronunciation, but he also knows that nothing would affect it because it's too
late and it is already ineradicable, even if he has a system that will work perfectly

The Language Of Language Teaching
Historically, both teachers and researchers have not been interested in pronunciation, as they have
usually focused their effort on grammar and vocabulary. Only at the end of nineteenth century, with
the Reform Movement in language teaching, pronunciation received systematic attention (Celce–
Murcia et al. 2010; Terrell 2012). Thenceforth, research on L2 phonological instruction has grown,
and, with the advent of the Communicative Approach, questions on the matter shifted from "Is it
necessary to teach it?" to "What are the best ways to teach it?" With the focus on communication,
this approach raised the need to teach both segmental and suprasegmental aspects of the target
language in the classroom in order to increase intelligibility and communicability, because,
regardless students' command of the second language grammar, they may still face communication
problems if they fall under a threshold level of nonnative pronunciation (Hinofotis and Bailey,
1980).
Despite possible, it is rare for L2 speakers to achieve native–like pronunciation (Bongaerts et al.
1997). Therefore, "a more modest and realistic goal is to enable learners to surpass the threshold
level so that their pronunciation will not detract from their ability to communicate" (Celce–Murcia
et al. 2010). There is empirical evidence that learning context play a fundamental role on achieving
high–level phonological proficiency. Bongaerts et al. (1997) demonstrated that their high–proficient
subjects were motivated

Difficulties Of Second Language Phonology
1. Introduction
The mastery of second language phonology refers to the acquisition of the second language
(English) sound system, listening comprehension and speaking skills. The acquisition of the L2
phonology is an area of language that has not been thoroughly investigated like other parts of
language such as syntax or grammar. In fact, it is only in the last quarter of the twentieth century
that studies about this area of language have emerged. As such, research studies about this aspect of
second language learning are quite small and recent.
The aim of this essay is to present some difficulties that L2 speakers face when learning English
phonology, to analyse the importance of phonology in L2 speech and to discuss second language
transference of L1 in the L2.
2. Difficulties
English phonology is a rather difficult part to master; this is due to various things:
In English the correspondence between symbols and sounds is not regular, but inconsistent.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This occurs because children are able to create new categories for the L2 sound system. This ability,
however, starts to decrease at the age of two and stops when children reach puberty. Therefore,
people who were exposed to the second language at an early age may achieve native–like
proficiency, but people who were exposed to the L2 language later on in life may not be able to
attain native–like proficiency. However, while many studies have demonstrated that children are
able to learn second language phonology much more easily and rapidly, there are people who started
to learn a second language in adulthood and talk like a native speaker, and there are other people
who started this process in childhood and were not able to achieve

Questions On English Language Learners
Five articles discussing ESL pronunciation techniques will be summarized, as well as, compared and
evaluated. These include the works of Chen and Goswami (2011), Esling and Wong (1983), Florez
(1998), Levis and Grant (2003), and Morely (1991). Each of the articles discusses pronunciation and
how it has been undermined by the immense focus of ESL teachers on grammar. The five articles
agree that pronunciation needs to be emphasized in the classroom, awareness needs to be raised,
suprasegmentals need to be a focus, and an active approach using English needs to be taken by the
ESL students. Summary The study by Chen and Goswami (2011) focused on the incorporation of
Cooperative Learning in the classroom and the effect on pronunciation by English Language
Learners. Pronunciation is claimed to be very important for overall academic achievement. The
incorporation of Cooperative Learning allows students to sense being part of a team.
Communication skills are built in groups through the Cooperative Learning technique. Students are
expected to feel comfortable while learning English together as a group. The phonological content is
presented in a comfortable way. Cooperative Learning allows students to engage in the classroom in
a way that typical pronunciation exercises do not. Chen and Goswami found that even though the
Cooperative Learning setting did significantly improve the pronunciation of the students' English,
the improvement was not significant when compared to the

Problem Areas Nonnative Speakers of English Often Have...
INTRODUCTION
Pronunciation is an essential part of language. According to Fries (1945), the main problem in
learning a new language is not the vocabulary but it is instead the mastery of the sound system,
which is to understand the stream of speech and to hear distinctive sound features. Pronunciation is
important to avoid misunderstandings when communicating. It is seen as a prerequisite for the
development of speaking skill (Celce–Murcia & Goodwin, 1991). Pronunciation, according to
Microsoft Encarta 2007, means "the way in which a sound, word, or language is articulated,
especially in conforming to an accepted standard". According to Hinofotis and Bailey (1981, as
cited by Celce–Murcia and Goodwin, 1991), one will not be able to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Word stress is important in English since misunderstandings can occur because of mistakes in word
stress. Stressing on wrong points in English sometimes makes words in English meaningless. For
example, if one is given two words "metal" and "motel" with stress on the second syllable, it will be
pronounced /mә'tæl/ and /ma:tәl/. When this pronunciation is applied in a sentence like, "I carried
the metal to the motel", then the sentence becomes confusing and meaningless.
Another feature of the English language that should be noted by nonnative speakers is that
pronouncing the same word with stresses on different syllables can alter the meaning of the word.
For example, if the word "permit' is stressed on the first syllable, it will become noun, and if on the
second syllable, the word becomes a verb.
According to Mennen (2006), second language learners often have problems placing stresses at the
correct syllable, especially in the beginning of the learning process. This is because some languages
do not use stress much and some, like Japanese and French, none at all (EnglishClub.com, 2007).
This means that each syllable of words is pronounced with equal emphasis. It would be difficult for
the nonnative speakers to identify which syllable should be stressed or not. This will lead to
misunderstandings when speaking to native speakers as they usually listen to the stresses to
understand the real message conveyed.
INTONATION
The final problem that has been

Steps to Improve Pronunciation
Steps to improve pronunciation and speak in neutral accent. 1. Listen how native speakers speak the
language. * Listening to and imitating a native speaker is the most important and fastest way to
learn. Remember that when we were young you learned a language by listening and then repeating
the words while imitating the accent. This is called acquiring. Instead of learning, we acquire our
native language through informal processes. In order to speak like the native speakers of English
language, we must use the same way we acquire our first language or mother tongue. 2. Try to
watch some good movies that can improve your overall communicative skills. * Watch movies in
English with subtitles or English language satellite channels ... Show more content on
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So, by recording or own speech, we can see how good our speaking ability is. For some people, it's
shameful if another person correct us while interacting with him/her. So, this is the perfect way to
self–correct our mistakes. 7. Increase your reading ability by going through newspapers and
magazines. * Reading is the most efficient way of learning the new language like English. As an
adult, we will find most of the sources of our supply of new words in books and magazines. If our
reading today is largely restricted only to the quick perusal of daily news papers, then we will have
to change your habits. If our aim is to have superior vocabulary, we will have to make the time to
read at least one book and several magazines every week. Not this week and the next week, but
every week for the rest of our life. We must have a target on how many books we want to read per
year. This will be a habit for us and we will be addicted to reading. We should go as slow as possible
to understand the meaning behind what we read. 8. Learn sounds of English. Familiarize with vowel
and consonant sounds. * Vowel and consonant sounds in English might not be the same as our
native language. For example, in English the 'c' sound is pronounced as hard as the 'k' in Malay
language. So, by knowing the sound patterns, we will have the accurate pronunciation of the words
in English. Besides that, by learning the sound

A Case Study Of An English Learner 's Use Of Carnegie...
A NativeAccent Case Study This paper describes a case study of an English L2 learner's use of
Carnegie Speech's NativeAccent online speech recognition software. The target student, in this case
study, significantly improved her English pronunciation and fluency through the individualized
exercises offered by Native Accent's Intelligent Tutor lessons. However, the student's word stress
results were considerably lower after completing all of the Intelligent Tutor lessons compared to her
initial assessment results. Her grammar skills remained constant through this case study, exhibiting
only a slight improvement. For this target student, NativeAccent represents an improvement over
previous technologies designed to teach English pronunciation. Nevertheless, she expressed
concerns regarding the software's unforgiving nature, which for her was excessively stressful and
counterproductive. Target Student The target student, who willingly participated in this case study, is
a 43–year–old naturalized US citizen who grew up in Thailand. The student immigrated to the
United States when she was 26 years old. She is as a highly proficient English L2 speaker who
graduated from an international university in Bangkok, where all courses were taught in English.
The target student's initial NativeAccent online assessment revealed her baseline English
proficiencies to be 74% correct pronunciation, 82% correct grammar, 98% correct word stress, and
88% correct fluency. The target student felt her

The Role Social Class Plays on the British English Language
Social class is a hierarchal structure, whereby people within society are grouped and then classified,
depending on their economic, social or educational status. British English is a type of English
language, which is used in Great Britain. Within modern contemporary British English, it could be
argued that social class plays a major part with how the language is today.
Firstly, within Britain, there is a variety of different accents that differ from each other, whereby
words are pronounced in a style that is due to a certain geographical location. It could be said that,
regional dialects are commonly associated with class, as some regions have a social stigma attached
to them, which then perceives them as having lower 'prestige' within society. Author Jason Jones
believes that '... most people tend to evaluate a speakers social position on the basis of their accent
and dialect. So, in Britain, a speaker with the accent associated with Merseyside or West Midlands
might be judged as being working class, while those with accents linked with 'Home Counties' or
Edinburgh might be placed on a higher position on the social scale' (1999:135). One accent that
tends to have negative connotations attached to it, is the 'Brummie' accent. The 'Brummie' accent is
the regional dialect for the city Birmingham that derives from the colloquial term, 'Brum'. The most
common features of the accent is: words that use the vowel 'i', are pronounced like 'oy', therefore
'bite' would be pronounced

Personal Narrative: Improving My Spanish Speaking Skills
At the beginning of the fall semester, I was beyond excited when I found out that this Spanish class
was about improving one's speaking. I was also very nervous because I knew that my Spanish
speaking skills were not nearly as good as some of my other classmates' speaking skills.
Nevertheless, I decided to try my very best every single time I was required to give a speech, and I
tried very hard to not think about how well other people were speaking, and just focus on improving
my speaking skills. With that being said, I have become quite a bit better at speaking in Spanish, and
I have even been able to significantly improve my pronunciation. One of the most helpful strategies
that I learned in SPA 322 was how to transcribe words and sentences ... Show more content on
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When learning about the positions of sounds and the sounds that do and do not exist in Spanish,
really stressed me out at first because I had no idea why it was so complicated. However, after
spending many weeks focusing on the position of my tongue and mouth when I speak has helped me
improve my pronunciation significantly. Also, by being aware of where I should be pronouncing
words has even helped make it easier for me to pronounce words and sentences. For example, the
phrase /un beso/ is actually pronounced [um. be. so]. Because /b/ is a bilabial sound the /n/ becomes
and /m/, which in turn makes it much easier to say this phrase. I did not realize that such a
complicated process would actually help me to understand Spanish better, ultimately making me a
better Spanish

The Broca 's Area Affects Speech Production And Pronunciation
Broca's Area: The Broca's Area affects speech production and pronunciation. Bad Broca has
enhanced speech which allows him to control people with his superhuman articulation. He uses his
dangerous powers to control guards. By controlling guards, he can steal priceless artifacts and
jewels. He recently stole the Hope Diamond from the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC. He
has stolen hundreds of items that hold extreme historical value. Pons: Location: Area of the
hindbrain that sits directly above the medulla Function: Connects upper and lower parts of the brain
The pons is plays a key role in sleep and dreaming. Ponzilla can invade other's dreams and portray
their worst nightmares. He invades the pons in others' brains and uses his powers to drive powerful
leaders mad. He entered the dreams of President Obama and drilled into his mind the idea of starting
war. Because of Ponzilla's evil trick, the United States started a war that resulted in many American
deaths. Hippocampus: Location: Part of the Limbic system, in each temporal lobe Function: The
Hippocampus is responsible for processing long term memory and emotional responses.
Hippomatizer has the has the ability to hypnotise people. When Hippomatizer looks into her victims
eyes, she alters their functioning Hippocampus. With her villainous ways, she can change their
memories and how events happened in the victim's mind. Hippomatizer used her powers to turn a
very powerful super hero to her side. She changed the

Symbolism In 'A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings'
Society can be a smooth talker, it can slyly belittle someone until they fit the stereotype society has
placed upon them. Some people are willing to sever past the constant bigotry and persevere towards
the person they want to become, but others get stuck and fall into the trap called the pigeonhole. The
line separating those who ignore society's harsh accusations and those who listen are classified
directly with how the targets react towards discrimination. Ifemelu, the main character from
Americanah by Chimamanda Adichie, was a Nigerian women that lived in America who received an
abundant amount of discrimination towards her African race and accent. Within a short story by
Gabriel Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, people treated ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He spent his time trying to get comfortable in his borrowed nest..." The old man disregarded the fact
that he was being shown as an admissionable attraction and carried on business as usual. The angel
showed no signs of annoyance, spitefulness, or anger. He simply did what he needed to do: eat,
sleep, dry wings, and repeat. The angel seemed to favor his own company rather than the company
of the townsfolk, so he generally kept to himself, hence why he "took no part in his own act." The
angel did not allow himself to be captured by the stereotypical strings of society, instead he
continued to be himself: the mysterious angel. Another way the angel reacted to discrimination was
by avoiding it, "But he [angel] must have known the reason for those changes, for he was quite
careful that no one should notice them, that no one should hear the sea chanteys that he sometimes
sang under the stars." The old man was aware that the sudden changes of appearance (growth of new
feathers on his wings) would cause new attention, therefore, he hid in the far corners of the farm
away from people who could disrupt his

The Language Of Bhutanese English In The English Language
English, although is a second language for Bhutanese, it is used as medium of instruction in
education and official correspondence. It encompasses linguistic features like grammar,
pronunciation, and spelling. With the introduction of the modern education system in the 1960s, the
Bhutanese government not only decided to include English as a subject in the curriculum but also as
the medium of instruction. Since then, the way that Bhutanese use English, both written and spoken,
has progressed, accelerating Bhutan's education system, economic development and opening
Bhutan's door to the outside world with English as a means of communication. The Government's
goal of equipping the Bhutanese citizens with the language so as to communicate with the
international population is achieved. However, the learning of English in Bhutanese schools can still
be focused further for the betterment in the future. Thus, this essay will discuss the salient features
of Bhutanese English in the areas of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Writing proper English with correct grammatical rules but littered with spelling errors will mar the
whole meaning. Spelling words correctly is very important for students. They must learn the correct
spellings not to confuse the readers. "Learning how to spell is very important for other basic skills,
including writing and reading" (Webanywhere, 2016). And also, to learn to spell words correctly is
the most useful skill in one's life that builds the basis which children need throughout their
educational fields and lives. This skill helps children obtaining good results and progress through
the grades. Being confident in spelling shall have a great impact in their future career
(Webanywhere, 2016). Spelling of words in the present day children are spoilt by technologies.
Students are found using spellings which are used

Proficiency Is The Highest Level Of Speech Competency
Nativelike proficiency is the highest level of speech competency that can be achieved by an L2
learner. In linguistics research it is often passed off as the ability for an L2 speaker to con the natives
into thinking that they are part of the in–croud based on their exemplary conventional verbal
performance. The two studies outlined by Bongaerts, et al. (1997) in "Age and ultimate attainment
in the pronunciation of a foreign language" sought to investigate the notoriously sensationalized
notion that once a certain age is reached language learning, to the point of fluency, becomes next to
impossible. The researchers endeavoured to collect evidence demonstrating whether or not native
speakers of a language could identify non–native, yet highly proficient, second language learners
who had near nativelike mastery over the pronunciation of the second language.
As a result of some data irregularities in a prior study, with the same research goal, the authors
conducted a follow–up investigation with greater constraints on participant and judge selection,
thereby reducing some noticeable confounds. The first study was comprised of three groups. Group
1 was a control group with only native speakers of British English. Group 2 consisted of Dutch
learners of English considered to be highly successful in their command of British English
according to English as a foreign language (EFL) experts and the third group incorporated Dutch
university students at varied levels of English

Advantages Of Cartoon Movies In English Language Teaching
Cartoon is one of television show that e can find every day. A cartoon is a form two dimensional
illustrated visual art. Cartoon also very useful media for ELT. Therefore, cartoon be the media of
English language teaching. By using cartoon movie in English Language Teaching include the
alternative ways of several methods used in English language teaching itself. Cartoon aims to
enhance the student's motivation to learn English, so they will not feel bored in the study. The using
of cartoon movie also, the process of learning will be fun and feel better than before they learn
without watching cartoon movie. According to Harold (1999:10) Learning is to observe, to read, to
imitate, to try something themselves, to listen and to follow the direction. It means that, when the
students learn English by watching cartoon movie, it can make the students listen the vocabulary
and follow what the character of cartoon are saying, in other words, they can memorize the words
and imitate it, wherefore they apply it in their learning process, and all of that, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
why ? Because when they watching cartoon, they automatically listening about the conversation
between the character of the cartoon and if they listening carefully and seriously, they will know and
understand what the character are saying. As well as when they watching cartoon movie, they are
not only see the picture of the character of the cartoon, students have to listen their conversation and
get new vocabulary that they never heard before. Wherefore they will search the word in the
dictionary and it can enhance their knowledge in English words, and also they can use the new
words in their conversation. Therefore, cartoon is the best auditory visual media to improve student's
listening skill, because student can be able to know what are the characters say if they listen
carefully to every words and they also can find the new words that they never heard

The Story Of Echidna. Fast Facts . Pronunciation: . Origin:
The Story of Echidna
Fast Facts
Pronunciation:
Origin: Greek
Home: Phrygia, Tartarus
Role: Guardian of Earth's Treasures, Mother of All Monsters
Parents: Gaia and Tartarus, or Keto and Phorkys
Spouse: Typhon
Children: Cerberus, Chimera, Colchian Dragon, Gorgon, Hydra, Ladon, Nemean Lion, Orthrus,
Sphinx (Possibly also: Caucasian Eagle, Phaea, Scylla)
Who is Echidna?
Echidna is a guardian, goddess, monster, or mother of the sprits that are the alternative to the
Olympians, dependent on the source. Regardless of how one views her, as the mother of many of the
creatures that Heracles was tasked with killing, her importance to the Greeks is without question.
Origin
Echidna was the daughter of either Gaia and Tartarus, or Keto and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most of them were overcome or killed by them. Bellerophon killed Chimera, the three–headed
monster that appears to be made of leftover bits from a dragon, a goat, and a lion. Echidna's child
the Colchian Dragon was shown more mercy, and merely lulled to slumber in Jason's effort to
retrieve the Golden Fleece that it guarded. Her half–human, half–lion daughter the Sphinx killed
herself, either by throwing herself from a cliff or devouring her own body, when Oedipus was able
to answer her riddles. There is very little information on her daughter Gorgon, other than as some
point she became three daughters and not one. Regardless, Euryale, Medusa, and Stheno all shared
hideous faces and hair consisting of writhing, angry, serpents. Of the three, only Medusa was mortal,
which is probably the origin of why her being a child of Echidna is sometimes questioned. It is
probably also why only her death is noted, at the hands of Perseus.
One Hero, Many Deaths

Surely the most hated hero by Echidna would be Heracles, though. In his twelve labors he bested or
killed six of her children. The victim in his first labor was the Nemean Lion, who would become the
constellation Leo. His second labor brought him face to face with the Lernaean Hydra, and again,
another child of Echidna was slain. In his fourth labor, on a side portion of his quest, Hercules killed
the Caucasian Eagle, who may or may not

Analysis Of The Article ' Beliefs And Practices Of...
Introduction
In the article "Beliefs and practices of Brazilian EFL teachers regarding pronunciation", the author
Larissa Buss (2016) presents research, which concerns about beliefs and practices of EFL teachers
in Brazil, and interpret the research data and findings. In this research, quantitative and qualitative
methods are both used to conduct the research and collect data and findings (Robson, 2011).
Quantitative and qualitative social researchers had a good debate because researchers compare them
from various perspectives and fundamentally based on different principles (Bryman, 2006b).
Therefore, the epistemological divisions, especially the incompatibility of quantitative and
qualitative research, may lead to a newer thinking such as mixed methods research. In this essay, I
would evaluate the strengths and weakness of this research in literature review, methodology,
statistics, and methods, and I would particularly pay attention to the method section.
Evaluation
First of all, the abstract summarises all the important points, and it is a balanced review of literature
review, methods, results and conclusions (Thomas, 2013). Therefore, it is clear and explicit enough
to show readers a general idea before they read the whole article. Moreover, the abstract accord with
the criteria of a "good" abstract to a great extent (Shon, 2015).
In the introduction, the author discussed the background and research that concerned about the
beliefs and practices of English language

Essay on Language = Personality?
Since English is essential in getting by in America, people are more likely to judge a person by
his/her English mastery. If you speak English well and fluently, you are quite respected. In other
words, if you speak "Broken" English, they may subconsciously think of you as less intelligent than
people who speak Standard English. However, does a person's language mastery reflect complete
personality? Since it has not been officially approved that language reveals complete personality, it
is inaccurate to judge a person by his/her language mastery. The dangers of linking one's worth to
his/her language mastery are obvious as it promotes racial discrimination and the loss of identity.
Racial discrimination, which actions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since America is a multinational society, the link between languages to personality may also
promote the loss of identity. An example is Amy Tan, from her article "Mother Tongue". In the
beginning of her life, Tan was always ashamed of her mother's "Broken" English. As an attempt to
get away from this side of her heritage, she becomes a great writer. She writes with great English
and diction, and uses plenty of vocabulary. However, she soon realizes that she is being someone
she is not. Tan's story is a revelation of what the majority people think today that no one wants to be
misunderstood by their language mastery. Because of this thought, people are desperate to clear their
accents, and try their best to speak English perfectly, and more perfectly. Soon, there would be no
other identities in America except Americans. If that is the case, it would be a great loss to the
country because no one would want to immigrate to a country that fulfilled with forced assimilation.
For several times, I was being discriminated against not only because of my English mastery but
also my Chinese accent. The most embarrassing one took place at the first day of my school. As a
person of Chinese decent, I was extremely nervous while I had reached the admission office. After
waited for nearly an hour in the line, I eventually got the chance to

Effects Of Age On Foreign / Second Language Acquisition
This paper examines literature which regards the effects of age on foreign/second language
acquisition. Given the fact that adults often fail to learn a foreign or second language, many linguists
and researchers have hypothesized that a critical period exists in the realm of language acquisition.
Proponents of the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) claim that there is a critical point for
foreign/second language acquisition that occurs around puberty, beyond which people seem to be
relatively incapable of acquiring a foreign/second language. On the other hand, opponents pointed
out that there are late learners who achieve native or native–like competence in a foreign/second
language and even in pronunciation. Others opposing the CPH suggest that rather than a critical
period in acquiring a foreign/second language, other factors such as the learners' educational, social,
and affective variables should be considered.
Keywords: age effects, critical period, foreign/second language acquisition, pronunciation
Perspectives on the Critical Period Hypothesis
And Pronunciation
In Second Language Acquisition
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature which examines whether there is a critical
period in foreign/second language acquisition and in pronunciation for late learners. The Critical
Period Hypothesis refers to the claim that there is an optimal period for language acquisition which
ends around puberty (Lenneberg, 1967). Generally,

Tattoo Scenarios
City units were dispatched to a call of a disturbance at 938 Water St., apartment 206. The RP said
they did not see the disturbance/argument, but could hear yelling and banging around. The RP said
that they went in the hall and could see the front door to the apartment smashed in. The RP also said
that the male half is named Gary and owns the Tattoo parlor down stairs around the block. The RP
advised that the female half is named Tiara.
Sgt Pernsteiner and I arrived and walked up to the corner of the building, and Sgt Pernsteiner
observed a lone person standing in the doorway of the tattoo parlor that we had been advised of by
JeffCom. We walked over there and contacted the person. The person was a female who was
identified as Tiara Fager, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I got the booklet on DV information and a statement form. I returned and she was in the back room
and did not come to the door for about 2 minutes.
I gave Tiara the booklet and advised her that I would call a DV/ crisis advocate for her, or she could
call one if she likes. I also told her that the booklet has information on counseling and other services
that are available to people who have been involved in Domestic Violence or mentally or verbally
abusive relationships. She said ok and took the booklet. I included the case number my information
and the date on it.
I told Tiara that I would take a written statement from her and she could just write it down instead of
telling me what she remembers. She smiled and took the pen and statement form and said ok.
Tiara sat down and took the pen and put it to the paper and then did not move. She stayed there as if
in deep thought and did not move. She them started to write on the statement form and I literally
could not tell what she was writing because she was writing so slow and illegible that I advised her I
would write it for her and all she had to do was to talk to

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