This document discusses three key factors to consider when designing a data center's power distribution infrastructure: 1) the size of the system based on the data center's power needs, 2) the reliability architecture (tier level) which impacts redundancy requirements, and 3) the operational complexity depending on the reliability architecture. Understanding these three factors provides a foundation for designing an integrated electrical power distribution system suited to the data center's needs.
What is data center availability modes slideLivin Jose
What is data center availability modes slide, types of data center availability modes, What is uptime institute data center certificates, What is data center availability modes slide,EN 50600 Availability classes (1-4), TIA 942-B Ratings (1-4), 10 Syska Hennessy Criticality Levels, ANSI/BICSI Classes (F0-F4), N, N+1, 2N, 2(N+1) for data centers
Data center power availability provisioningLivin Jose
Data center power availability provisioning, Power provision - Concurrently maintainable, Power provision - Fault tolerant, Power provision - Single Path, Power provision - Single path with resilience
Data Center Power Infrastructure, Data Center Power Infrastructure explained, how is power distributed in the data center, what is the use of the generator in the data center
What is data center availability modes slideLivin Jose
What is data center availability modes slide, types of data center availability modes, What is uptime institute data center certificates, What is data center availability modes slide,EN 50600 Availability classes (1-4), TIA 942-B Ratings (1-4), 10 Syska Hennessy Criticality Levels, ANSI/BICSI Classes (F0-F4), N, N+1, 2N, 2(N+1) for data centers
Data center power availability provisioningLivin Jose
Data center power availability provisioning, Power provision - Concurrently maintainable, Power provision - Fault tolerant, Power provision - Single Path, Power provision - Single path with resilience
Data Center Power Infrastructure, Data Center Power Infrastructure explained, how is power distributed in the data center, what is the use of the generator in the data center
This research presents a method for reliability assessment considering the 23MVA, 230/15 kV
transformer through two 15 kV outgoing transmission lines at Debre Markos substation. It also goes further to
include 139 low voltage 15/0.4 kV distribution transformers. The total load connected to the 15 kV feeders are
varies between 0.33255 and 6.3185 MW. A composite system adequacy and security assessment is done using
Monte Carlo simulation. The basic data and the topology used in the analysis are based on the Institution of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Reliability Test System and distribution system for bus two of the IEEEReliability
Bus bar Test System. The reliability indices SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI, EENS, AENS, ASAI, ASUI, and
expected interruption costs are being assessed and considered. Distribution system reliability information was
obtained from actual data for systems operating in Ethiopia Electric Utility office and Debre Markos substation
recorded data and online SCADA system.
Loss Reduction by Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on a Radial feederIDES Editor
Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources
in recent times, the studies on integration of distributed
generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. In order
to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially
important to define the location of local generation to be placed.
Proper location of DGs in power systems is important for
obtaining their maximum potential benefits. This paper
presents analytical approaches to determine the optimal
location to place a DG on radial systems to minimize the power
loss of the system. Simulation results are given to verify the
proposed analytical approaches.
Increasing Data Center Energy Efficiency By Monitoring And Targeting To Heati...TrendPoint Systems, LLC
Data center heat density has been increasing since the advent of the server. This has become
particularly problematic during the past few years as data center managers have struggled to
cope with heat and power intensity problems. These issues have resulted in enormous energy
bills and a rising carbon impact. The purpose of this paper is to examine the root cause of this
problem and then determine a logical course of action to minimize energy use and consequent
environmental effects of data center operations while maximizing processing throughput and
system uptime.
A survey on dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data c...csandit
Data centers have become indispensable infrastructure for data storage and facilitating the
development of diversified network services and applications offered by the cloud. Rapid
development of these applications and services imposes various resource demands that results
in increased energy consumption. This necessitates the development of efficient energy
management techniques in data center not only for operational cost but also to reduce the
amount of heat released from storage devices. Virtualization is a powerful tool for energy
management that achieves efficient utilization of data center resources. Though, energy
management at data centers can be static or dynamic, virtualization level energy management
techniques contributes more energy conservation than hardware level. This paper surveys
various issues related to dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data
centers.
Design methodology of smart photovoltaic plant IJECEIAES
In this article, we present a new methodology to design an intelligent photovoltaic power plant connected to an electrical grid with storage to supply the laying hen rearing centers. This study requires a very competent design methodology in order to optimize the production and consumption of electrical energy. Our contribution consists in proposing a robust dimensioning synthesis elaborated according to a data flow chart. To achieve this objective, the photovoltaic system was first designed using a deterministic method, then the software "Homer" was used to check the feasibility of the design. Then, controllers (fuzzy logic) were used to optimize the energy produced and consumed. The power produced by the photovoltaic generator (GPV) is optimized by two fuzzy controllers: one to extract the maximum energy and another to control the batteries. The energy consumed by the load is optimized by a fuzzy controller that regulates the internal climate of the livestock buildings. The proposed control strategies are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink.
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...Suganthi Thangaraj
As the wind power installations are increasing in number, Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) are required to have Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities. Lately developed grid operating codes demand the WTGs to stay connected during fault conditions, supporting the grid to recover faster back to its normal state. In this paper, the generator side converter incorporates the maximum power point tracking algorithm to extract maximum energy from wind turbine system. A hybrid control scheme for energy storage systems (ESS) and braking choppers for fault ride-through capability and a suppression of the output power fluctuation is proposed for permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine systems. During grid faults, the dc-link voltage is controlled by the ESS instead of the line-side converter (LSC), whereas the LSC is exploited as a STATCOM to inject reactive current into the grid for assisting in the grid voltage recovery. A simple model of the proposed system is developed and simulated in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of the system is validated through extensive simulation results
GE Critical Power’s new GP100 Power Supply: Balanced Power. Unparalleled Density. 3-Phase Power. 1RU.
Does energy use in your data center keep you up at night? It should.
Your customers rely on you to keep networks flowing and transactions moving 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. Your data center can’t afford not to be highly reliable and energy efficient. It’s a tall order. And one we don’t take lightly.
Never Balance a Load Again. At GE Critical Power, we understand the issues your data center faces. Chief among these is the burden of balancing the load on the AC grid. Not only does this require a vast amount of resources, but it can add operational costs and the need for additional equipment. Enter the GP100, an innovative new technology that powers the future success of mission critical data centers, telecommunications and supercomputing industries by eliminating single-phase balancing issues and ensuring electrical phases grow in equal increments.
More Power. Less Space. GP100 is also extremely compact: four times smaller than competing products on the market today.
The most efficient, most compact, and first 3-Phase 1RU Power Supply for 19" Rack Mount Applications Ever Created. Great Power, Great Performance, Great Innovation, Great Reliability and Great Value. All from the engineers and experienced design teams at GE Critical Power.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
IMPROVED SWARM INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO MULTI OBJECTIVE ED PROBLEMSSuganthi Thangaraj
Electrical power industry restructuring has created highly vibrant and competitive market that altered many aspects of the power industry. In this changed scenario, scarcity of energy resources, increasing power generation cost, environment concern, ever growing demand for electrical energy necessitate optimal economic dispatch. Practical economic dispatch (ED) problems have nonlinear, non-convex type objective function with intense equality and inequality constraints. The conventional optimization methods are not able to solve such problems as due to local optimum solution convergence. Metaheuristic optimization techniques especially Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) has gained an incredible recognition as the solution algorithm for such type of ED problems in last decade. The application of IPSO in ED problem, which is considered as one of the most complex optimization problem has been summarized in present paper. This paper illustrates successful implementation of the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) to Economic Load Dispatch Problem (ELD). Power output of each generating unit and optimum fuel cost obtained using IPSO algorithm has been compared with conventional techniques. The results obtained shows that IPSO algorithm converges to optimal fuel cost with reduced computational time when compared to PSO and GA for the three, six and IEEE 30 bus system.
Single core configurations of saturated core fault current limiter performanc...IJECEIAES
Economic growth with industrialization and urbanization lead to an extensive increase in power demand. It forced the utilities to add power generating facilities to cause the necessary demand-generation balance. The bulk power generating stations, mostly interconnected, with the penetration of distributed generation result in an enormous rise in the fault level of power networks. It necessitates for electrical utilities to control the fault current so that the existing switchgear can continue its services without upgradation or replacement for reliable supply. The deployment of fault current limiter (FCL) at the distribution and transmission networks has been under investigation as a potential solution to the problem. A saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) technology is a smart, scalable, efficient, reliable, and commercially viable option to manage fault levels in existing and future MV/HV supply systems. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two single-core SCFCL topologies impressed with different core saturations. It has demonstrated that the single AC winding configuration needs more bias power for affecting the same current limiting performance with an acceptable steady-state voltage drop contribution. The fault state impedance has a transient nature, and the optimum bias selection is a critical design parameter in realizing the SCFCL applications.
This chapter deals with the reliability analysis of different power system parts which includes the generation, transmission and distribution systems. This slide is specifically prepared for ASTU 5th year power and control engineering students.
STUDI KASUS TENTANG PENYAKIT TYPOID DI RSUD BANJARBARU KALIMANTAN SELATANmariaseptiamemorini
Studi Kasus Penyakit Typoid Di RSUD Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan berikut ini adalah tugas mata kuliah epidemiologi asuhan Prof. Dr Qomariyatus Sholihah, Amd. Hyp,ST,.M.Kes yang disusun oleh mahasiswa dan mahasiswi Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat yakni Afresa Amanda, Lianatul Munjiah, Maria Septia Memorini, dan Rinaldy Kusuma SY.
This research presents a method for reliability assessment considering the 23MVA, 230/15 kV
transformer through two 15 kV outgoing transmission lines at Debre Markos substation. It also goes further to
include 139 low voltage 15/0.4 kV distribution transformers. The total load connected to the 15 kV feeders are
varies between 0.33255 and 6.3185 MW. A composite system adequacy and security assessment is done using
Monte Carlo simulation. The basic data and the topology used in the analysis are based on the Institution of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Reliability Test System and distribution system for bus two of the IEEEReliability
Bus bar Test System. The reliability indices SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI, EENS, AENS, ASAI, ASUI, and
expected interruption costs are being assessed and considered. Distribution system reliability information was
obtained from actual data for systems operating in Ethiopia Electric Utility office and Debre Markos substation
recorded data and online SCADA system.
Loss Reduction by Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on a Radial feederIDES Editor
Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources
in recent times, the studies on integration of distributed
generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. In order
to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially
important to define the location of local generation to be placed.
Proper location of DGs in power systems is important for
obtaining their maximum potential benefits. This paper
presents analytical approaches to determine the optimal
location to place a DG on radial systems to minimize the power
loss of the system. Simulation results are given to verify the
proposed analytical approaches.
Increasing Data Center Energy Efficiency By Monitoring And Targeting To Heati...TrendPoint Systems, LLC
Data center heat density has been increasing since the advent of the server. This has become
particularly problematic during the past few years as data center managers have struggled to
cope with heat and power intensity problems. These issues have resulted in enormous energy
bills and a rising carbon impact. The purpose of this paper is to examine the root cause of this
problem and then determine a logical course of action to minimize energy use and consequent
environmental effects of data center operations while maximizing processing throughput and
system uptime.
A survey on dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data c...csandit
Data centers have become indispensable infrastructure for data storage and facilitating the
development of diversified network services and applications offered by the cloud. Rapid
development of these applications and services imposes various resource demands that results
in increased energy consumption. This necessitates the development of efficient energy
management techniques in data center not only for operational cost but also to reduce the
amount of heat released from storage devices. Virtualization is a powerful tool for energy
management that achieves efficient utilization of data center resources. Though, energy
management at data centers can be static or dynamic, virtualization level energy management
techniques contributes more energy conservation than hardware level. This paper surveys
various issues related to dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data
centers.
Design methodology of smart photovoltaic plant IJECEIAES
In this article, we present a new methodology to design an intelligent photovoltaic power plant connected to an electrical grid with storage to supply the laying hen rearing centers. This study requires a very competent design methodology in order to optimize the production and consumption of electrical energy. Our contribution consists in proposing a robust dimensioning synthesis elaborated according to a data flow chart. To achieve this objective, the photovoltaic system was first designed using a deterministic method, then the software "Homer" was used to check the feasibility of the design. Then, controllers (fuzzy logic) were used to optimize the energy produced and consumed. The power produced by the photovoltaic generator (GPV) is optimized by two fuzzy controllers: one to extract the maximum energy and another to control the batteries. The energy consumed by the load is optimized by a fuzzy controller that regulates the internal climate of the livestock buildings. The proposed control strategies are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink.
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Fault Ride-Through Capability using Line-Side Con...Suganthi Thangaraj
As the wind power installations are increasing in number, Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) are required to have Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities. Lately developed grid operating codes demand the WTGs to stay connected during fault conditions, supporting the grid to recover faster back to its normal state. In this paper, the generator side converter incorporates the maximum power point tracking algorithm to extract maximum energy from wind turbine system. A hybrid control scheme for energy storage systems (ESS) and braking choppers for fault ride-through capability and a suppression of the output power fluctuation is proposed for permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine systems. During grid faults, the dc-link voltage is controlled by the ESS instead of the line-side converter (LSC), whereas the LSC is exploited as a STATCOM to inject reactive current into the grid for assisting in the grid voltage recovery. A simple model of the proposed system is developed and simulated in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of the system is validated through extensive simulation results
GE Critical Power’s new GP100 Power Supply: Balanced Power. Unparalleled Density. 3-Phase Power. 1RU.
Does energy use in your data center keep you up at night? It should.
Your customers rely on you to keep networks flowing and transactions moving 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. Your data center can’t afford not to be highly reliable and energy efficient. It’s a tall order. And one we don’t take lightly.
Never Balance a Load Again. At GE Critical Power, we understand the issues your data center faces. Chief among these is the burden of balancing the load on the AC grid. Not only does this require a vast amount of resources, but it can add operational costs and the need for additional equipment. Enter the GP100, an innovative new technology that powers the future success of mission critical data centers, telecommunications and supercomputing industries by eliminating single-phase balancing issues and ensuring electrical phases grow in equal increments.
More Power. Less Space. GP100 is also extremely compact: four times smaller than competing products on the market today.
The most efficient, most compact, and first 3-Phase 1RU Power Supply for 19" Rack Mount Applications Ever Created. Great Power, Great Performance, Great Innovation, Great Reliability and Great Value. All from the engineers and experienced design teams at GE Critical Power.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
IMPROVED SWARM INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO MULTI OBJECTIVE ED PROBLEMSSuganthi Thangaraj
Electrical power industry restructuring has created highly vibrant and competitive market that altered many aspects of the power industry. In this changed scenario, scarcity of energy resources, increasing power generation cost, environment concern, ever growing demand for electrical energy necessitate optimal economic dispatch. Practical economic dispatch (ED) problems have nonlinear, non-convex type objective function with intense equality and inequality constraints. The conventional optimization methods are not able to solve such problems as due to local optimum solution convergence. Metaheuristic optimization techniques especially Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) has gained an incredible recognition as the solution algorithm for such type of ED problems in last decade. The application of IPSO in ED problem, which is considered as one of the most complex optimization problem has been summarized in present paper. This paper illustrates successful implementation of the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) to Economic Load Dispatch Problem (ELD). Power output of each generating unit and optimum fuel cost obtained using IPSO algorithm has been compared with conventional techniques. The results obtained shows that IPSO algorithm converges to optimal fuel cost with reduced computational time when compared to PSO and GA for the three, six and IEEE 30 bus system.
Single core configurations of saturated core fault current limiter performanc...IJECEIAES
Economic growth with industrialization and urbanization lead to an extensive increase in power demand. It forced the utilities to add power generating facilities to cause the necessary demand-generation balance. The bulk power generating stations, mostly interconnected, with the penetration of distributed generation result in an enormous rise in the fault level of power networks. It necessitates for electrical utilities to control the fault current so that the existing switchgear can continue its services without upgradation or replacement for reliable supply. The deployment of fault current limiter (FCL) at the distribution and transmission networks has been under investigation as a potential solution to the problem. A saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) technology is a smart, scalable, efficient, reliable, and commercially viable option to manage fault levels in existing and future MV/HV supply systems. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two single-core SCFCL topologies impressed with different core saturations. It has demonstrated that the single AC winding configuration needs more bias power for affecting the same current limiting performance with an acceptable steady-state voltage drop contribution. The fault state impedance has a transient nature, and the optimum bias selection is a critical design parameter in realizing the SCFCL applications.
This chapter deals with the reliability analysis of different power system parts which includes the generation, transmission and distribution systems. This slide is specifically prepared for ASTU 5th year power and control engineering students.
STUDI KASUS TENTANG PENYAKIT TYPOID DI RSUD BANJARBARU KALIMANTAN SELATANmariaseptiamemorini
Studi Kasus Penyakit Typoid Di RSUD Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan berikut ini adalah tugas mata kuliah epidemiologi asuhan Prof. Dr Qomariyatus Sholihah, Amd. Hyp,ST,.M.Kes yang disusun oleh mahasiswa dan mahasiswi Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat yakni Afresa Amanda, Lianatul Munjiah, Maria Septia Memorini, dan Rinaldy Kusuma SY.
Get opinion by renowned super specialists of India through text, phone and video and make an informed decision for your self and your loved ones. Don't let that illness bog you down!
Do you think how big companies like google, facebook , adobe, ...etc, are store millians of data and also how they secure all those data. Please watch to know all these actual reality.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Optimized Power, Cooling, and Management ...Schneider Electric
IT virtualization, the engine behind cloud computing, can have significant consequences on the data center physical infrastructure (DCPI). Higher power densities that often result can challenge the cooling capabilities of an existing system. Reduced overall energy consumption that typically results from physical server consolidation may actually worsen the data center’s power usage effectiveness (PUE). Dynamic loads that vary in time and location may heighten the risk of downtime if rack-level power and cooling health are not understood and considered. Finally, the fault-tolerant nature of a highly virtualized environment could raise questions about the level of redundancy required in the physical infrastructure. These particular effects of virtualization are discussed and possible solutions or methods for dealing with them are offered.
This slide is an introductory part of the course Computer Application in Power system. it will describe the basic tasks of a computer and different computer application areas.
Electrical Substation and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
Energy Efficient Data Center
source : http://hightech.lbl.gov/presentations/6-23-05_PGE_Workshop.ppt&ei=BVxPVIy_Bse68gWwy4HAAw&usg=AFQjCNGHU_rSwcF4BMo2A6KnFfSZglP2UA&sig2=wZlTGXORD_HOUDJi-a2uAA&bvm=bv.77880786,d.dGc
Overcoming Rack Power Limits with Virtual Power Systems Dynamic Redundancy an...Steve Houck
Summary
This paper describes how SourceMix, a dynamic redundancy technology from VPS, allows Intel® Rack Scale Design (Intel® RSD) customers to take full advantage of system composability and module upgradeability by extending the existing data center power infrastructure.
Thamesgate :Build Energy Efficient Data Centre for Server ChoiceThamesgate Group
Thamesgate offering electrical contracting services, data centre power consultants and suppliers of power protection systems, renewable energy solutions and building refurbishment services
COMMON PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN DATA CENTRESKamran Hassan
in this paper common problems and challenges of data center have been identified and methods have been explained to improve the efficiency and reliability of data center
A SURVEY ON DYNAMIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT AT VIRTUALIZATION LEVEL IN CLOUD DATA C...cscpconf
Data centers have become indispensable infrastructure for data storage and facilitating the development of diversified network services and applications offered by the cloud. Rapid
development of these applications and services imposes various resource demands that results in increased energy consumption. This necessitates the development of efficient energy management techniques in data center not only for operational cost but also to reduce the amount of heat released from storage devices. Virtualization is a powerful tool for energy
management that achieves efficient utilization of data center resources. Though, energy management at data centers can be static or dynamic, virtualization level energy management
techniques contributes more energy conservation than hardware level. This paper surveys various issues related to dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data
centers.
Practical Options for Deploying IT Equipment in Small Server Rooms and Branch...Schneider Electric
Small server rooms and branch offices are typically unorganized, unsecure, hot, unmonitored, and space constrained. These conditions can lead to system downtime or, at the very least, lead to “close calls” that get management’s attention. Practical experience with these problems reveals a short list of effective methods to improve the availability of IT operations within small server rooms and branch offices. This paper discusses making realistic improvements to power, cooling, racks, physical security, monitoring, and lighting. The focus of this paper is on small server rooms and branch offices with up to 10kW of IT load.
Similar to White Paper-Data Centers Design Decisions (20)
Practical Options for Deploying IT Equipment in Small Server Rooms and Branch...
White Paper-Data Centers Design Decisions
1. Data center design decisions and their
impact on power system infrastructure
When designing an enterprise data
center, owners, architects and
engineers have to understand and
decide on everything from site to
signage. Some of the most critical
decisions revolve around the best
power distribution infrastructure to
suit the facility’s needs. This white
paper reviews three key factors to
consider when determining the power
distribution infrastructure: the size of
the system, the reliability architecture
that is selected, and the operational
complexity of delivering power to the
critical loads. Once the team knows
these factors, they will have a solid
foundation on which to design and
build a comprehensive, integrated
electrical power distribution system.
Factor one: the size of
the power distribution
infrastructure
It may seem hard to believe, but the heat generated
by IT equipment in a data center is a critical data
point in defining the power system infrastructure
for the entire facility. (Typically this equipment is
in a room with a raised floor for air distribution,
although some data centers have a technology
room without a raised floor. For the purposes of
this paper the technology room will be generically
referred to as the raised floor area, but the following
applies to both styles of technology room design.)
Because the technology equipment and the
mechanical infrastructure to keep it cool are the
largest consumers of electricity in the building,
their maximum electricity consumption defines the
power needs of the facility.
Calculation of the electrical
consumption of the
technology equipment
Data center facility managers have traditionally used
watts per square area (foot or meter) when describing
the heat load of the equipment within the raised
floor area. Recently, however, some managers have
started to use kilowatts per rack. Either way, in order
to calculate a useful electrical load, one must convert
these numbers to watts.
Power topic #9020 | Technical information from Cummins Power Generation
White Paper
By Richard Hallahan, Senior Manager – Strategic Accounts