This white paper discusses technologies for delivering digital video broadcasts over IP networks. It begins by describing MPEG2 transport streams and limitations of traditional interfaces like DVB-ASI for long-distance transmission. It then outlines use cases like contribution and distribution that require transport of streams. The paper evaluates technologies like ATM and IP, settling on IP as the most cost-effective solution. It describes the DVB-IPI standard for encapsulating MPEG streams in RTP over IP, along with forward error correction. The paper concludes by discussing head end evolution towards all-IP broadcast architectures.
This article introduces a view of a generic Service Provider IP distribution system including DVB's IP standard; a comparison of Internet and managed SP IP video distribution; how a broadcaster can inject TV programming into the Internet and, finally, how to control the Quality of Experience of video in an IP network.
We live in the age of the digital packet. Documents, images, music, phone calls all get chopped up, propelled through networks, and reassembled at the other end according to Internet protocol. So why not TV? Today, IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is creating headlines all over the world. This mass publicity is the result of numerous instances and stories depicting its humble deployments and its future. IPTV is a very useful system, through which you can receive both TV and video signals along with other multimedia services by means of your Internet connection. In nutshell, it is nothing but a broadband connection and a system to deliver various programs of television using the Internet protocol (i.e., language) over computer networks. It is important to remember that IPTV is not like any ordinary television program broadcast through the Internet, but rather it is unique in itself. Its contour is represented by a closed, proprietary TV system which is similar to the cable services present today. But, in contrast, the delivery of IPTV is made via IP-based secure channels, which result in a sharp increase in content distribution control.
It is important to remember that IPTV is not like any ordinary television program broadcast through the Internet, but rather it is unique in itself. Its contour is represented by a closed, proprietary TV system which is similar to the cable services present today. But, in contrast, the delivery of IPTV is made via IP-based secure channels, which result in a sharp increase in content distribution control.
This article introduces a view of a generic Service Provider IP distribution system including DVB's IP standard; a comparison of Internet and managed SP IP video distribution; how a broadcaster can inject TV programming into the Internet and, finally, how to control the Quality of Experience of video in an IP network.
We live in the age of the digital packet. Documents, images, music, phone calls all get chopped up, propelled through networks, and reassembled at the other end according to Internet protocol. So why not TV? Today, IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is creating headlines all over the world. This mass publicity is the result of numerous instances and stories depicting its humble deployments and its future. IPTV is a very useful system, through which you can receive both TV and video signals along with other multimedia services by means of your Internet connection. In nutshell, it is nothing but a broadband connection and a system to deliver various programs of television using the Internet protocol (i.e., language) over computer networks. It is important to remember that IPTV is not like any ordinary television program broadcast through the Internet, but rather it is unique in itself. Its contour is represented by a closed, proprietary TV system which is similar to the cable services present today. But, in contrast, the delivery of IPTV is made via IP-based secure channels, which result in a sharp increase in content distribution control.
It is important to remember that IPTV is not like any ordinary television program broadcast through the Internet, but rather it is unique in itself. Its contour is represented by a closed, proprietary TV system which is similar to the cable services present today. But, in contrast, the delivery of IPTV is made via IP-based secure channels, which result in a sharp increase in content distribution control.
An increasing amount of TV channels, transmitted at higher
quality, creates the need for a higher efficiency transmission. The DVB-S2X standard fuels growth in revenues and lower OPEX by up to 30%.
Enabling secure management and distribution of live, linear and on demand video, Video Cloud migrates traditional broadcast transmission, cloud based media management, security and online streaming capabilities into a scalable, cloud-based alternative to traditional premise-based video delivery architectures.
OpenVLC is an open-source, software-defined, flexible, low-cost Visible Light Communication platform. The software solution is implemented as a Linux driver that can communicate directly with the cape and the Linux networking stack.Visible Light Communication, sometimes also referred to as “LiFi" uses standard off-the-shelf visible light LEDs to transmit data using the visible light spectrum.
This case study showcases Mistral’s capability in designing a flexible
and easy to upgrade VoIP Radio Gateway solution, interoperable with
all types of radio communications including conventional radios,
TETRA and TETRAPOL terminals. This IP Radio Gateway solution is
an exclusive and protected design for Mistral’s European customer,
Amper.
DVB is a set of standards that define digital broadcasting using existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial infrastructures.
The term digital television is sometimes used as a synonym for DVB
This is a technical training presentation on the renewed satcom Newtec DVB-S2 Calculator v2.17 and covers:
- DVB-S
- DVB-S2
- S2 Extensions
For all current Azimuth, Elevation and MDM series (both demods and modems) and includes Sat3Play terminals.
Officially launched beginning of June 2013, this DVB-S2 calculator replaces its widely spread predecessor (which had over 7,000 downloads).
To download the calculator: http://www.newtec.eu/services-training/dvb-s2-calculator
Billions of people are watching valuable TV content and advertising on a daily basis.
Different distribution networks transport this content from the content owner to the
consumer. The consumer has the choice to receive a full set of TV channels from many
service providers, be it telco, cable, terrestrial or DTH operators.
An increasing amount of TV channels, transmitted at higher
quality, creates the need for a higher efficiency transmission. The DVB-S2X standard fuels growth in revenues and lower OPEX by up to 30%.
Enabling secure management and distribution of live, linear and on demand video, Video Cloud migrates traditional broadcast transmission, cloud based media management, security and online streaming capabilities into a scalable, cloud-based alternative to traditional premise-based video delivery architectures.
OpenVLC is an open-source, software-defined, flexible, low-cost Visible Light Communication platform. The software solution is implemented as a Linux driver that can communicate directly with the cape and the Linux networking stack.Visible Light Communication, sometimes also referred to as “LiFi" uses standard off-the-shelf visible light LEDs to transmit data using the visible light spectrum.
This case study showcases Mistral’s capability in designing a flexible
and easy to upgrade VoIP Radio Gateway solution, interoperable with
all types of radio communications including conventional radios,
TETRA and TETRAPOL terminals. This IP Radio Gateway solution is
an exclusive and protected design for Mistral’s European customer,
Amper.
DVB is a set of standards that define digital broadcasting using existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial infrastructures.
The term digital television is sometimes used as a synonym for DVB
This is a technical training presentation on the renewed satcom Newtec DVB-S2 Calculator v2.17 and covers:
- DVB-S
- DVB-S2
- S2 Extensions
For all current Azimuth, Elevation and MDM series (both demods and modems) and includes Sat3Play terminals.
Officially launched beginning of June 2013, this DVB-S2 calculator replaces its widely spread predecessor (which had over 7,000 downloads).
To download the calculator: http://www.newtec.eu/services-training/dvb-s2-calculator
Billions of people are watching valuable TV content and advertising on a daily basis.
Different distribution networks transport this content from the content owner to the
consumer. The consumer has the choice to receive a full set of TV channels from many
service providers, be it telco, cable, terrestrial or DTH operators.
Practical Fundamentals of Voice over IP (VoIP) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This manual provides solid practical advice on application, implementation and, most importantly, troubleshooting Voice Over IP (VOIP) systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-21?id=151
Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV ServicesIJERA Editor
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using
the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network
infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through
traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats. IPTV provides
mainly three services: live TV, catch up TV, and video on demand (VoD).This paper focuses on delivering the
live TV services by exploiting the virtualised cloud architecture of the IPTV and statistical multiplexing. The
VoD tasks are prescheduled so that there will be less Instant Channel Change (ICC) delay. We select a proper
scheduling algorithm for rescheduling the VoD tasks. We then implement the scheduling algorithm for preshifting
the VoD tasks.
Satellite Newsgathering and Fixed Broadcast Contribution and Exchange - White...ST Engineering iDirect
To be able to exchange content in
multiple formats across different
transmission channels, broadcasters
benefit from solutions that support
flexible workflows and are scalable
with their customer base and
broadcast services on offer.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
Enensys - An Architecture for the Delivery of DVB Services Over IP Networks
1. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
Datasheet ¨
User guide ¨
An architecture for the delivery White paper þ
of DVB services over IP networks Rennes, January 2007
INTRODUCTION
Present paper proposes to look around technologies used today for transporting compressed digital
video over a short (corporate) or long (national) distance, and will then introduce fundamentals about
video over IP transport. Conclusion will be made around the presentation of a typical broadcast chain with
primary distribution over IP.
DIGITAL VIDEO TRANSPORT
MPEG2 Multiplex, also called MPEG2 Transport Stream or MPEG2-TS, is a data stream carrying one or
several services, gathered into bouquets. A MPEG service is typically made of a video component, a couple
of audio components (audio channel translated in several languages for instance), or any other kind of
data (teletext, interactive data, program guide...). On top of that, many signalling technologies have been
standardized to enable receivers discovering the list of services carried in a Transport Stream (MPEG,
DVB, ATSC). This paper will neither discuss MPEG2 TS service design and multiplexing nor video and
audio compression and synchronization.
While a final user who receives a digital TV stream at home gets access to carried services in a one by
one basis (user can watch only one movie at a time), video professionals have to carry the complete
MPEG2-TS through the broadcast chain, all programs of the bouquets inclusive. This is highly demanding
in terms of bandwidth as each program must still be « decodable » at any end of the transmission chain.
In addition, compressed video and audio services using MPEG2-TS assume perfect delivery over any
transport network. This is why innovative technologies had to be deployed to assist service and network
operators in transferring content in real-time from any affiliate site down to production centre in order to
allow then achieving live mixing and broadcasting to final users.
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
2. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
USUAL MPEG2 TRANSFER RANGES
There are different use cases requiring broadcasters to transport a MPEG2-TS. Any of these cases can
be permanent and transmitted over fixed infrastructures, or else be temporary or on demand transfers.
Interconnection of equipments
In any head end room, broadcast equipments simply have to be connected with each other, from
encoders to multiplexers, scramblers, decoders... to build the broadcast chain. Such links have to be made
within the same building (a couple of hundred meters) and do not require long reach cabling.
Contribution
Contribution stands for live or deferred-time transport of video professional material between different
operational sites, located on different geographical areas. An operator usually builds programs by
aggregating services from remote sites (for example news relay sites, studio to studio link, stadium to
production centre...). Such an aggregation can be done using satellite or any other link: The contribution
network. Satellite contribution link can be used for that purpose, but it is very expensive, and most
operators do prefer alternate contribution solutions.
Distribution
In Digital Terrestrial TV (DTTV) systems, MPEG2-TS has to be delivered from the central (national)
head end platform to transmitters spread all around the country. This requires to have a primary
distribution network, made of satellite, microwave or any other « one to many » distribution links. Again,
broadcasters prefer already existing infrastructures (like national backbone) to handle such transport
needs at lowest rates.
DVB-ASI: NOT FOR LONG REACH
DVB-ASI is the most widely used baseband interface to transport an MPEG2 TS. It is used to locally
interconnect broadcast equipments but does not allow more than 300 meters of cable hop. To get longer
reach, specialized equalizers or repeaters are needed, that would rapidly increase the cost of transporting
a TS over kilometers.
In the US, the SMPTE 310M serial interface is still in use, enabling transport data rates of 19.38 or
38.76 Mbps. This interface is even more sensitive than DVB-ASI as regards cable lengths.
Other interfaces such as DVB-SPI, DVB-SSI, M2S, M2P, RS422... were also used, but not deployed on
brand new devices. More information on these can be found in a separate, dedicated white paper located
on http://www.enensys.com/whitepapers/whitepapers.html
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
3. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
ATM: MATURE BUT STILL COMPLEX
Like IP networks, ATM is a packet based network technology which is today used across the world for
transfer of digital TV, supporting both synchronous channel networking (PDH, SDH/SONET) and packet-
based networking (IP, Frame relay, etc.). It was designed to carry any type of data, from data (emails,
files) to voice or video transport, providing flexible bandwidth assignment and different levels of QoS
(Quality of Service). ATM's adaptation layer guaranties QoS by reserving a constant bandwidth to a client
application, ensuring constant delay in the transport which is a key constraint required by the transport of
MPEG2 TS. It also implements Reed Solomon / Interleaving mechanism to add protection against errors
that occurred along the ATM network.
When a broadcaster needs to transfer a MPEG2 TS contribution or distribution using ATM, a special
interface is required to perform adaptation between baseband MPEG2 TS multiplex and the ATM network.
This interface is also needed to initiate network transactions according to the user's required bandwidth,
traffic profile, QoS parameters.
Lots of telecommunication operators use ATM networks, but ATM was not largely deployed as a LAN
technology because of its great complexity. One of the main goals of ATM was to reduce jitter in the
multiplexing of data streams at a time where IP protocol was not ready yet to provide such servicing. To
date, improvements of IP layers make it possible to carry voice over IP, and video also !
IP: SIMPLE AND COST EFFECTIVE
Originally made for data transfers (such as emails, FTP, telnet sessions...), IP has become the universal
communication protocol around the world. « IP » usually stands for IP network layer with Ethernet data
link layer. Prices of IP technology equipments dropped down significantly, and the never-ending IP
networks interconnections make it possible to send data from one part of the world to anywhere without
any additional infrastructure cost. The broadcast engineering community logically thought of using such a
transport technology to carry their digital video programs at lower costs while moving to a multi service
network.
Challenge stays in the fact that a MPEG2 program has its video and audio components precisely
synchronized (using PCR time stamping information contained in the stream), and it is mandatory to
preserve this synchronization all along the transport network. Data transfer (such as e-mail, file transfer,
web browsing...) is sensitive to data loss and errors, while delay and jitter are of relatively low
importance. In contrast, multimedia services (with synchronized audio and video) are very sensitive to
delay and jitter, whereas data loss and errors are of limited importance.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) launched Working Groups to fill the gap and define
protocols fitted to [the well suited protocols for] real-time transmission of audio and video over IP. Those
new protocol stacks shall be able to manage bandwidth and network resources, gain control over the QoS,
avoid congestion...
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
4. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
DVB-IPI: DISTRIBUTION OF MPEG SERVICES OVER IP
DVB-IPI (ETSI TS 102 034) specifies protocols at the IP networking layer (IP Infrastructure) that must
be supported on key system interfaces to deliver DVB services over IP networks.
Below are presented the main points on MPEG2 TS over IP Encapsulation set by DVB-IPI:
All MPEG-2 transport streams shall be encapsulated in RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) according to
RFC 1889 in conjunction with RFC 2250. Transport service is provided jointly by UDP (checksum and
multiplexing) and RTP (sequencing and time stamping / jitter removing). RTP always uses an even UDP
port number.
MPEG2-TS
IP UDP RTP
n * 188 bytes
20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes
40 bytes + n * 188 bytes
Figure 1 : RTP packet structure
32 bits
V P X CC M PT Sequence number
Timestamp
SSRC
CSRC (0-15)
Figure 2 : RTP header structure
V Version, 2 bits. This field identifies the version of RTP.
P Padding, 1 bit. If the padding bit is set, the packet contains one or
more additional padding bytes.
X Extension, 1 bit. If set, the fixed header is followed by exactly one
header extension.
CC CSRC count. The CSRC count contains the number of CSRC identifiers
that follow the fixed header.
M Marker, 1 bit. The interpretation of the marker is defined by a profile.
PT Payload type, 7 bits. Identifies the format of the RTP payload and
determines its interpretation by the application.
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
5. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
Sequence number Sequence number, 16 bits. The sequence number increments by one
for each RTP data packet sent and may be used by the receiver to
detect packet loss and to restore packet sequence.
Timestamp Timestamp, 32 bits. The timestamps reflects the sampling instant of
the first byte in the RTP data packet.
SSRC Synchronization source, 32 bits. Identifies the synchronization source.
CSRC Contributing source, 0 to 15 items, 32 bits each. An array of 0 to 15
CSRC elements identifying the contributing sources for the payload
contained in this packet.
For most streams, the RTP/UDP/IP overhead of 40 bytes per RTP packet is relatively low (for example
3% with a 1 316 byte payload).
IP packets can carry from 1 to 7 TS packets, knowing that:
– overall size of RTP payload must not exceed the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) in order to
prevent RTP packets fragmentation around the network,
– short packets cause a high overhead.
There is no requirement for every RTP packet in a stream to contain the same number of transport
stream packets. The receiver should use the length field in the UDP header to determine the number of
transport stream packets contained in each RTP packet.
The time stamp field in RTP header is based on the PCR values from MPEG-2 with a resolution of 90
Khz.
Streams must include PAT (Program Association Table) & PMT (Program Map Table) – other tables are
optional. SI (Service Information) is intended to be delivered via separate IP streams, in e.g. XML format.
RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol) can be included to periodically inform the sending side
about network quality (e.g. lost packets, delay, jitter, etc.).
The fact is that, at the output of the IP network, delivered Transport Stream must be fully ISO/IEC
13818-1 compliant (40ms maximum jitter, 1 artifact every hour...).
What about error protection ?
The Pro-MPEG Forum (association of broadcasters, program-makers, and vendors) approved an open
standard to improve QoS in professional professional video over IP networks, while keeping
interoperability between equipment manufacturers. Standard is provided as a set of guidelines and
recommendations (Codes of Practice).
Code of Practice #3 describes a Forward Error Correction (FEC) method for protection against errors in
delivering professional MPEG-2 TS data over IP networks. With that method implemented in IP adapters,
packet errors, out of order packets, network jitter and delay can be compensated. Such process is done in
real-time along with TS over IP encapsulation: FEC protection data is calculated and embedded in regular
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
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6. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
RTP packets with a specific payload type, and relies on simple XOR arithmetics (if F=A⊕B⊕C, then if only
A,B,F are present, C can be recovered with C=A⊕B⊕F). A FEC matrix is generated (cf figure 3) and
transmitted on two separate UDP ports, FEC columns on UDP port + 2 and FEC rows on UDP port + 4 (cf
figure 4).
Figure 3 : The dual FEC mode structure
MPEG2-TS Port n
IP UDP RTP
n * 188 bytes
20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes
40 + n*188 bytes
IP UDP RTP FEC Header Port n + 2
FEC Data (column)
20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 4 bytes
IP UDP RTP FEC Header Port n + 4
FEC Data (row)
20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes 4 bytes
Figure 4 : FEC packets transmission
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
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7. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
Head end evolution with all-IP
Definitions : IP Multicasting and IGMP
IP multicasting is defined as the transmission of an IP datagram to a group of destinations, a set of
zero or more hosts identified by a single IP destination address. A multicast datagram is delivered to all
members of its destination host group. The membership of a host group is dynamic; that is, hosts may
join and leave groups at any time. There is no restriction on the location or number of members in a
group. A host may be a member of more than one group at a time. A host need not be a member of a
group to send datagrams to it.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used to manage the
membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups. IGMP is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast
routers to establish and maintainmulticast group memberships. It is an integral part of the IP multicast
specification.
Primary distribution for Terrestrial TV
While transporting compressed video over IP using RTP, unicast addresses or multicast addresses can
be used. Packets using unicast addresses are sent to a single destination while packets using multicast
addresses are sent to any number of destinations. Multicast packets do not require any more bandwith
than unicast packets: The packets are sent once (as would be unicast packets) and are spread accros the
network if the receiving devices implement the IGMP protocol. For all those reasons, multicast addresses
are perfectly fitted to the need to transport compressed video over IP: UDP provides application
multiplexing and checksumming, RTP provides sequencing and time stamping, FEC provides error
correction and multicast addresses provide a broadcast behaviour on IP at no cost.
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
8. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
SAMPLE APPLICATION
The figure below shows a broadcast chain using DVB over IP. The primary distribution network uses
DVB over IP.
ENENSYS Technologies, propose a highly reliable DVB over IP solution: The eASI-IP and IP-eASI
network adapters provide a perfect solution for transporting DVB over IP. Those adapters combine 24/7
operation, forward error correction (ProMPEG Forum CoP#3), high performance smoothing algorithm,
intuitive and easy to use user interface. More information on this technology can be found on ENENSYS
Technologies web site :
http://www.enensys.com/products/network_adapters/mpeg2_ts_over_ip_interface/mpeg2_ts_over_ip_interface.html
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com
9. White Paper
Rev A. Nov 09.
About ENENSYS Technologies
ENENSYS Technologies is specializing in broadcast solutions
for interworking issues. Designed by experienced technical
and commercial experts from the Digital TV field, ENENSYS
Technologies product lines are “convergence oriented”, aiming
at interworking of network/IT and broadcast equipments. The
products cover MPEG, DVB, ATSC fields and are providing
solutions for ASI, SSI, SMPTE-310M, GigaEthernet, QPSK,
OFDM… These products are far from these expensive swiss-
knife interfacing products that can potentially cope with many
formats but run only one. ENENSYS Technologies interfaces
are the clean and direct answer to one interfacing need.
Secret behind is compactness, portability and professional
robustness… ENENSYS' product lines are the real proof that it
is no more required to engage new operating expenses to
protect your [past or forthcoming] investments.
More information on www.enensys.com
ENENSYS Technologies
Le Germanium,
80 av. des Buttes de Coesmes, Office +33 (0)1 70 72 51 70
35700 Rennes, Fax +33 (0)2 99 36 03 84
FRANCE www.enensys.com
contact@enensys.com
Copyright 2003-2007 ENENSYS Technologies S.A. / ENENSYS name and logo are registered trademarks of ENENSYS Technologies S.A.
DVB is a Trade Mark of the DVB Digital Video Broadcasting Project (1991 to 1996) All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Sandpiper House, Aviary Court, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 8GX, UK
T +44 (0) 1256 812 222 F +44 (0) 1256 812 666 E sales@sematron.com Making waves...
www.sematron.com