Which of the following is NOT a way that membrane proteins associate with the lipid bilayer: a) Transversing the membrane as one or more a helices or b sheets. b) Anchored to the cytosolic facing mono-layer by way of an amphipathic a-helix. c) Covalent linkage to a membrane lipid. d) Non-covalent associations with integral membrane proteins. e) None of the above (All are ways that proteins associate with the lipid bilayer).