The CPU has several key components that work together: - The control unit controls how the CPU processes instructions and communicates with other components. - The arithmetic logic unit performs calculations and logical operations. It uses registers for input, output, and temporary data storage. - Registers temporarily store instructions and data for processing. Different types include input, output, program counter, and data registers. - Cache memory temporarily stores recently used data and instructions for faster future access by the CPU. - Buses transmit signals and data between the CPU and other computer components using address, data, and control lines. - A clock regulates the timing and speed of operations for all the CPU components.

1. CPU
COMPONENTS OF CPU

2. What is CPU ?
CPU is short for Central Processing Unit. It
is also known as a processor or
microprocessor. It's one of the most
important pieces of hardware in any digital
computing system.

3. Components of CPU
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Register
Cache
Buses
Clock

4. Control Unit (CU)
The control unit controls the way input and output devices, the Arithmetic, and Logic Unit, and
the computer’s memory respond to the instruction sent to the CPU.
It fetches the input, converts it in a decoded form, and then sends it for processing to the
computer’s processor, where the desired operation is performed.
There are two types of Control units – the Hardwire CU and the Micro programmable CU.

5. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The Arithmetic and Logical Unit is responsible for arithmetical and logical calculations as well
as taking decisions in the system. It is also known as the mathematical brain of the computer.
The ALU makes use of registers for the calculations.
It takes input from input registers, performs operations on the data, and stores the output in an
output register.

6. Register
Registers are a part of a computer’s memory that is used to store the instructions temporarily to
provide the processor with the instructions at times of need.
Input registers are used to carry the input. Output registers are used to carry the output.
Temporary registers store data temporarily. Address registers store the address of the memory.
The program counter stores the address of the instructions. Data registers hold the memory
operand. Instruction registers hold the instruction codes.

7. Cache
Cache is a type of Random Access Memory which stores small amounts of data and instructions
temporarily which can be reused as and when required.
It reduces the amount of time needed to fetch the instructions as instead of fetching it from the
RAM, it can be directly accessed from Cache in a small amount of time.

8. Buses
A bus is a link between the different components of the computer system and the processor.
They are used to send signals and data from the processor to different devices and vice versa.
Address bus which is used to send memory address from process to other components.
Data bus which is used to send actual data from the processor to the components.
Control bus is used to send control signals from the processor to other devices.

9. Working Diagram of Buses

10. Clock
As the name suggests, the clock controls the timing and speed of the functions of different
components of the CPU.
It sends out electrical signals which regulate the timing and speed of the functions.

11. Block Diagram of CPU

12. Any Question ?
Feel free to ask questions.