The document provides an overview of key economic concepts including microeconomics, macroeconomics, positive economics, normative economics, demand, determinants of demand, law of demand, supply, determinants of supply, law of supply, market structures, economic growth, factors affecting economic growth, sectors of the Indian economy, inflation, deflation, balance of trade, balance of payments, GDP, GNP, NNP, purchasing power parity, human development index, and classifications of countries based on their level of economic development.
Barriers to Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
This is a revision presentation covering examples of barriers ti economic growth and development in emerging and developing countries. In their revision students should consider factors such as:
Poor infrastructure
Human capital inadequacies
Primary product dependency
Declining terms of trade
Savings gap; inadequate capital accumulation
Foreign currency gap and capital flight
Corruption, poor governance, impact of civil war
Population issues
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
There are mainly three types of economic system that are socialist, capitalist and mixed economy. Any of country of the world exist in any one of them and followed them.
Introduction to "Science Research Writing" and how it compares to "Academic W...Lawrie Hunter
An introduction to the use of Hilary Glasman-Deal's "Science Research Writing".
This intro is for my PhD engineering students, as a strategy inroad.
Sets up a comparison with Swales and Feak's "Academic Writing for Graduate Students".
Barriers to Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
This is a revision presentation covering examples of barriers ti economic growth and development in emerging and developing countries. In their revision students should consider factors such as:
Poor infrastructure
Human capital inadequacies
Primary product dependency
Declining terms of trade
Savings gap; inadequate capital accumulation
Foreign currency gap and capital flight
Corruption, poor governance, impact of civil war
Population issues
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
There are mainly three types of economic system that are socialist, capitalist and mixed economy. Any of country of the world exist in any one of them and followed them.
Introduction to "Science Research Writing" and how it compares to "Academic W...Lawrie Hunter
An introduction to the use of Hilary Glasman-Deal's "Science Research Writing".
This intro is for my PhD engineering students, as a strategy inroad.
Sets up a comparison with Swales and Feak's "Academic Writing for Graduate Students".
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Heal...OECD Environment
Background presentation 2
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Health, by Anna Alberini, University of Maryland
A firm grasp of scientific method and ability to write clearly and convincingly is a great assert to any professional in sciences.
Conducting research and publishing peer reviewed papers train professionals in both scientific method and writing. Moreover, having research papers in your resume is considered a huge plus in both industry and academia. However, conducting research and getting them published requires professionals to approach the problem and present their solutions form a unique angle. The talk will address research in general and writing research papers. Specifically, the talk will cover peer review process, what is a contribution?, and basic composition of
a research paper, describing potential pitfalls.
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Class Lecture Notes Measuring the MacroeconomyProfessor Shari Lyman,.docxmccormicknadine86
Class Lecture Notes Measuring the MacroeconomyProfessor Shari Lyman, Ph.D.
GDP Measures
GDP is Gross Domestic Product
GDP is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders by its own citizens or foreign citizens in a given time period.
GNP is Gross National Product
GNP is the value of all final goods and services produced by a country’s citizens within the country’s borders or in foreign lands in a given time period. http://www.diffen.com/difference/GDP_vs_GNP
Intermediate goods are used to produce other goods. For example, when Pizza Hut buys cheese to produce pizzas, the cheese is an intermediate good.
Final goods are purchased by the end user. When the Lyman household purchases cheese, the cheese is a final good.
GDP is represented by the variable Y in macroeconomic calculations.
The formula for GDP is:
Y=Consumption(C)+Investment(I)+Government Expenditures(G)+Net Exports(X-M).
Consumption (durable and non-durable goods and services for individual household consumption)
Investment (Consumption of new physical capital and new housing such as factories, machines, tools, transportation systems, new houses, etc.) Investment is purchased using financial capital instruments.
Government expenditures (all Federal, State, and Local government purchases from paper clips to aircraft carriers).
Net Exports (Trade Balance=Exports-Imports)
Macroeconomic Measures introduces the student to 3 different methods of measuring GDP:
1.the incomes approach (simplified circular flow model-resource flow approach)
2.the expenditures approach (simplified circular flow model (D) money flow approach)
3.the output approach (simplified circular flow model (S) product flow approach).
Incomes Approach (Input/resource approach)
GDP (also known as national income which is indicated by Y) is equal to the inputs used in the production process. The inputs include:
land in the form of rent
labor in the form of wages
capital in the form of interest
entrepreneurship in the form of profit.
Y = rent + wages + interest + profit.
Expenditures Approach (Demand side approach)
GDP (also known as aggregate demand (AD) which is indicated by Y) is equal to the total output demanded in the economy. The outputs include:
consumption
investment
government expenditures
net exports
Y=Consumption(C)+Investment(I)+Government Expenditures(G)+Net Exports(X-M)
Output Approach (Supply side approach)
GDP (also known as national output which is indicated by Y) is equal to the outputs supplied to the economy. The outputs include:
household goods (durable and nondurable goods and services)
investment goods (new housing and capital)
government (durable and nondurable goods and services)
net exports (goods for export minus goods imported)
Y = Household (C) + Firm and HH (I) + (G) + Net Exports (X-M)
The Keynesian Consumption (Spending) Multiplier
The Keynesian Consumption Multiplier is based on the assumption that for each additional dollar a household receives some ...
Gross Domestic ProductErskine S. Walther, Ph.D.G.docxwhittemorelucilla
Gross Domestic Product
Erskine S. Walther, Ph.D.
GDP: Defined
GDP: The market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a specific period of time.
Market Value: The measurement is in current prices, this known as Nominal GDP or just GDP.
Final Goods and Services: Goods and services that have reached their final usage. They are not used to produce another good or service. Goods that are used in that way are Intermediate Goods.
Intermediate Goods and Services are those that are used as inputs into the production of other goods and services. There are not directly counted in GDP as their value is included in the value (price) of the final goods and services. Thus, counting them directly would double count the same output. However, if the intermediate good has not been sold, it is counted in GDP as inventory.
GDP Defined: continued
Specific Period of Time: GDP can be computed for a month, a quarter or a year. The most common measures are annually and quarterly.
Formal, Legal Markets: Only goods and services that are traded in formal, legal markets are counted in GDP.
Underground Economy: The underground economy is composed of economic transactions involving activities that are not legal activities in a given society. These are not included in GDP. Illegal drugs and illegal gambling are common examples.
Informal Economy: These are legal activities that do no go through formal markets. They are not included in GDP. Income not reported for taxation purposes or work done for barter are examples of informal economic activities.
Some authors include legal activities as part of the underground economy definition.
GDP Defined: continued
Household Production: Productive activities done in and for the household are not counted in GDP as there is no direct monetary payment for such activities. (If you give children an allowance for household chores that would be part of the informal economy. If you clean your own home, that is household production.)
Leisure Activities: Leisure activities that do not involve the purchase of goods and services are not counted in GDP.
Spending an afternoon with family and friends that does not involve buying goods or services would not be counted in GDP as no economic transaction has occurred.
A vacation involving paid activities does count in GDP as goods and services are purchased.
GDP: Purpose
The Purpose of GDP is to measure the total output of goods and services in any economy during a specific period of time.
GDP is Value Neutral: It makes no judgments regarding product quality or whether or not a good or service is “good” for you. Those judgments are left to the consumer who is assumed to be able to make intelligent decisions that reflect their own personal tastes, preferences and values.
Changes in GDP measure economic growth.
Economic growth is the increase in the output of goods and services in an economy over a specific period of time. This must b ...
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)