The document summarizes Pakistan's ongoing energy crisis. It outlines factors contributing to the crisis such as economic and political instability, aging infrastructure, lack of dams, and electricity theft. The energy crisis is having severe negative effects including billions lost annually to the economy, widespread factory closures and unemployment, and public unrest. Solutions proposed include transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, public-private partnerships, and short-term measures like solar and wind energy along with long-term plans such as using coal reserves and building new dams.

2. Energy Crisis in Pakistan

3. Group Members
▪ Najam Ul Hassan(Group Representator)
▪ Atif Raza
▪ Muneeb Ur Rehman
▪ Asim Shehzad
▪ Rehan Nadeem
▪ Ahsan Saleem
▪ Sohail Afzal

4. Content
▪ Introduction
▪ FactorsWhich Led to Existing Power Failure
▪ Effect of Energy Crisis
▪ Effect on Environment
▪ Energy Crisis Prevention
▪ Recommendations
▪ Conclusion

5. Introduction
▪ Energy has become an important requirement for the economic
development of a country.
▪ Plays a vital role in socio-economic development.
▪ Pakistan is in the grip of power shortage crisis that is effecting all the
sectors of economy and various segments of society.The electricity
short fall has hit the record level, our country is plunging deeper and
deeper in this crisis.
▪ The situation has punished the people of Pakistan to bear the burden
of 8 to 16 hour load shedding, which might further increase in future.

6. Introduction
▪ Pakistan’s acute energy crisis is posing a serious predicament for its
feeble economy and volatile national security environment.The
country’s energy problems are deep and complex, being rooted more
in shortages of governance and political will than of pure supply.This
stems from the absence of a comprehensive and integrated energy
strategy, resulting in interagency turf wars and a lack of coordination,
insufficient revenue to support energy generation and infrastructure,
owing to low liquidity in Pakistan’s struggling economy and high
rates of tax default, and the leadership’s unwillingness to implement
politically unpopular changes to address the situation.

7. Energy Resources of Pakistan
▪ According to National Electric Power Regulatory Authority's (NEPRA)
2021 yearly report, Pakistan's total installed power generation
capacity is 39772 MW, of which 63% of energy comes from thermal
(fossil fuels), 25% from hydro, and 5.4% from renewable (wind,
solar and biomass) and 6.5% from nuclear.
▪ Government of Pakistan aims to derive 60 percent of energy from
renewable sources including hydro by 2030 that would wean
Pakistan’s dependence on imported fuel products.

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9. Factors Which Led to Existing
Power Failure
▪ Economic and Political Instability
▪ Fluctuation of Prices in International Market
▪ Faulty Distribution System
▪ Aging of Equipment
▪ Mis Management of Energy Resources
▪ A Lack of Strategy and Political Will

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▪ Inefficient Power Plants
Part of the reason, shortfall exists is inefficient and
outdated power plants that are unable to generate electricity that
meets the national demand.

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▪ ElectricityTheft
Electricity theft can be termed as the mother of all evils causing
the energy crises.The inefficiencies of the transmission and distribution
system, cause this theft to take place, increasing the cost of supplying
electricity. Instead of curbing this, the supply companies simply shift
the burden of cost to the paying customers.

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▪ Lack of Dams
Currently, the bulk of electricity being supplied comes from the
hydroelectric plants and IPPs, both of whom heavily depend upon the
availability of water in the dams. Pakistan’s failure to construct a major
dam afterTarbellawhich was in the seventies, has greatly exacerbated
the problem.

13. Effect of Energy Crisis
▪ Pakistan is mired in an acute energy crisis—one with immense
implications for both the nation’s floundering economy and its
volatile security situation. According to some estimates, energy
shortages have cost the country up to 4% of GDP over the past few
years.They have also forced the closure of hundreds of factories
(including more than five hundred alone in the industrial hub city of
Faisalabad), paralyzing production and exacerbating unemployment.

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▪ Public Unrest
Prolonged outages of electricity as well as gas result in public
unrest on a mass level creating chaos.This chaos then manifests itself
into citizens coming out on streets and disturbing the law and order
situation. Many times students are unable to study for their exams.

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▪ Poverty
The closure of industry caused by energy failures results in the
subsequent unemployment leading to high levels of poverty.In a
country where already 30% of the population is living below the
poverty line, this leads to further worsening of situation.

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▪ Economic Loss
The capacity utilization which pertains to how much energy is
utilized for production in factories, falls down to alarmingly low levels
due to lack of energy, interruptions in supply.This renders Pakistan
unable to export the surplus materials, forcing the country to import
instead, resulting in the depletion of the foreign exchange reserves.

17. Energy Crisis Prevention
▪ 1. Energy transition to renewable energy sources
Unlike fossil fuels, some energy sources are totally renewable, and do
not emit greenhouse gases.These clean and sustainable alternative
energy solutions include solar energy, hydropower, wind
energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy.
▪ 2. Energy efficiency and conservation
In order to prevent an energy crisis, it is also crucial that we consume
less energy by improving and modernizing energy infrastructure such
as smart grid solutions, and smart cities. It is also important that we
replace old devices by energy efficient solutions, such as replacing
traditional light bulbs by LEDs.

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▪ Public-Private Partnership
The public sector of Pakistan must make renewable energy a priority.
The Government of Pakistan should collaborate with the countries like
China that are technologically advanced and use this as an opportunity
to improve bilateral relationships with them.

19. How much electricity does
Pakistan require?
▪ According to the Pakistan Economic Survey 2021–22, the installed
electricity generation capacity reached 41,557 MW in 2022.The
maximum total demand coming from residential and industrial
estates stands at nearly 31,000 MW, whereas the transmission and
distribution capacity is stalled at approximately 22,000 MW.

20. Recommendations
▪ Energy Conversation measures
Educate the users of electricity from conservation measures
through campaign in print and electronic media.
▪ ShortTerm Measures:
By use of wind and solar energy.
Overhauling the power plants.
Minimizing duties and taxes on energy conserving devices, such
as energy saver lamps, LED lights, solar operated devices and
wind turbines.

21. Recommendations
▪ LongTerm Plans
-Using coal reserves for power generation
-Rehabilitation and replacement of out dated transmission and
-distributed system
-In long term measures Pakistan also build more dams
-Exploration of more oil, gas and coal reserves.
-Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to engineers
for new technology

22. Conclusion
▪ This study recommends government of Pakistan to take strong steps
to overhaul its existing infrastructure and transforms it to utilize
renewable energy for further needs.
▪ Due to the dynamics of the global economy, it may seem that in the
near future, Pakistan will not experience a drop in the energy issue.
However, it is the responsibility of the political leaders and the
stakeholders of Pakistan to minimize this energy crisis and find a
solution to it. It’s important to keep in mind that being optimistic will
help you manage any degree of crisis. We all should do what’s in our
control to strengthen our country on all fronts.