What do students and faculty need
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The document discusses the perspectives of librarians, students, and faculty on the changing nature of academic research and the types of resources needed. It summarizes findings from surveys that show: 1) Librarians, students, and faculty agree that academic research is expanding beyond traditional journals and monographs into new formats like videos and datasets. 2) Different content types are better suited for different stages of the research process, so students and researchers need to understand the pros and cons of each type. 3) Seeking a variety of viewpoints from different sources helps students build critical thinking skills, but students often struggle to identify trustworthy information. 4) Having diverse content like journals, books, videos
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What do students and faculty need
- 1. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) What Do Students and Faculty Need in a Research Database? The Librarian's Perspective Informatie aan Zee 19-20 September 2019 Kursaal Oostende
- 2. Brie (Betz) Pegum brie.pegum@proquest.com Lead product and marketing strategy within ProQuest’s Information Solutions unit Based in Cambridge, UK Responsible for enabling customer discovery and developing digital products that support and delight students, faculty and librarians BA (Environmental Sciences), University of California Berkeley MBA, Oxford University
- 3. 3 • The importance of having a variety of content (videos, ebooks, newspapers, etc.) available to users • Helping students evaluate accurate, reliable and trustworthy information sources • How libraries can evolve their collections to meet today’s academic needs • The types of resources librarians would create with their magic wands
- 4. Universities at the heart of solving global challenges Complex, societal issues that touch every area of the university… • Collaborative, multi- disciplinary responses required • From teaching through to research • Funding opportunities and new business models • Provision of services and content researchers need to be successful
- 5. Oxford University “We will work as one Oxford bringing together our staff, students and alumni, our colleges, faculties, departments and divisions to provide world-class research and education. We will do this in ways which benefit society on a local, regional, national and global scale. We will build on the University’s long-standing traditions of independent scholarship and academic freedom while fostering a culture in which innovation and collaboration play an important role."
- 6. Ghent University “The university is known for its scientific expertise in life sciences and medicine, materials and agricultural science, veterinary medicine, psychology and history, and many more. This university does not just offer a place to singular research strengths but also encourages multidisciplinary collaboration. Ghent University wants to be a leading knowledge institute for a future that is ecologically, socially and economically sustainable within a local and global context.”
- 7. Leiden University ”High-quality academic research and teaching are crucial to a safe, healthy, sustainable, prosperous and just world. The University focuses its efforts on achieving the maximum impact from its research and teaching – academic, cultural, societal and economic. It does this in close collaboration with local, regional, national and international partners. Based on a careful consideration of its disciplinary structure, Leiden University focuses on disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and teaching.”
- 9. 9Ithaka S&R US Library survey 2016 (Pub: Mar 2017) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Doctoral Master's Baccalaureate Strongly agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Scholarship moving away from exclusive dependence on text Ithaka S&R US Library Survey 2016: "As scholarship moves steadily away from its exclusive dependence on text, libraries must shift their own collecting to include new material types.”
- 10. We wanted to explore… 10 • What is the scope of this change? • How does this affect students, faculty and librarians? • What challenges and opportunities does this present? • What is the role of the vendor?
- 11. Faculty and Student Perspective (2018) • Deployed in March/April 2018 • N=1,353 faculty and students: • Tenured Faculty (659) • Pre-tenure faculty/lecturer (243) • Students (188) • Other (61) • Global distribution with highest responses from North America (358), Continental Europe (174), ANZ (138), and East Asia (99) • Wide field of studies: Social Sciences (732), Humanities (569), STEM (204), other (181)* 11 * Some respondents selected multiple disciplines
- 12. 96% Conduct more thorough lit. reviews Produce better quality assignments Achieve a better grade on their course 93%91%72% Faculty agree Understand concepts and ideas more fully Source: In response to the prompt: “Using a wide variety of different types of information allows students to…” from the 2017 ProQuest global survey of graduate-level through faculty researchers (N=410) Faculty agree Faculty agree Faculty agree Faculty believe that varied content is essential to student success
- 13. Librarian Perspective (2019) • Distributed to Library Journal readers in March 2019 • N=611 librarians: • Final purchasing decision (38%) • Decision contributor (51%) • Uninvolved with purchase decisions (11%) • Broad range of institutional sizes • Predominately North American perspective • North America (85%) • Europe (5%) • Australia/New Zealand (4%) • Rest of world (6%)
- 14. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Information is available in more formats and via more channels than ever before Figure 1. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Academic discussion takes place via more channels and different formats (e.g., blogs, videos, working papers, etc.) than ever before; library users can find it difficult to discover and use all of these sources in their own research. 35% 53% 9% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 14
- 15. All Users Work With a Variety Of Content Types in Research, Teaching and Learning Source: 2018 Faculty & Student Survey (N=1,353) 1 Scholarly Journals 2 Books (print) 3 Books (electronic) 4 Dissertations or Theses 5 Case Studies 6 Government Documents 7 Videos 8 Statistics 9 Historical Books 10 Conference Proceedings Faculty Recommend in Teaching… 1 Scholarly Journals 2 Books (print) 3 Dissertations or Theses 4 Books (electronic) 5 Conference Proceedings 6 Government Documents 7 Statistics 8 Historical Books 9 Working Papers 10 Historical Periodicals Faculty Use for Research 1 Books (electronic) 2 Scholarly Journals 3 Books (print) 4 Dissertations or Theses 5 Case studies 6 Statistics 7 Government Documents 8 Working Papers 9 News & Newspapers (current) 10 Conference Proceedings …Students Use
- 16. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Research must go beyond the traditional journal Figure 2. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Academic research is expanding beyond the traditional journal and monograph into new formats; libraries must evolve their collections to account for this. 39% 48% 11% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 16
- 17. “Academic research is expanding beyond the traditional journal and monograph into new formats. Libraries must evolve their collections to account for this.” 17 Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611)
- 18. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Different tasks require different formats Figure 3. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Different formats and content types are more appropriate than others depending on what the researcher is trying to achieve and what stage of the research cycle they are at; it is important for students and faculty to understand the pros and cons of different content types and what to use when. 63% 35% 2% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 18
- 19. “Different formats and content types are more appropriate than others depending on what the researcher is trying to achieve and what stage of the research cycle they are at.” Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) Think & Plan Discover Gather & Analyze Write & Publish Share & Impact
- 20. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Students should seek a variety of viewpoints Figure 5. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for students to seek a variety of viewpoints often published in different formats so they can draw their own conclusions and build critical thinking skills. 53% 41% 5% 1% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 20
- 21. “It is important for students to seek a variety of viewpoints often published in different formats, so they can draw their own conclusions and build critical thinking skills.” Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611)
- 22. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Students struggle to know which sources to trust Figure 5. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Students often struggle to identify which information sources are accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. 58% 36% 4% 1% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 22
- 23. “[This is necessary] to become better citizens! In this era where fake news spreads on old and new media alike, this skill is so vital to our democracy.” 23 Source: In response to the prompt: “Using a wide variety of different types of information allows students to…” from the 2017 ProQuest global survey of graduate-level through faculty researchers (N=410)
- 24. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Unifying content access simplifies administration of library resources Figure 6. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Having all of your library databases and content on one platform would simplify the administration of electronic resources at your library. 29% 37% 24% 8% 2% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 24
- 25. “[The ideal database] would include books, ebooks, periodicals and streaming media, etc. but each type of information would be clearly identified. It would also be possible to easily filter content to a specific format so that students aren't overwhelmed with 999,000 results from their initial search.”—Library Dean Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611)
- 26. (Edit/crop photo to align within this space) Multi-disciplinary and multi-format databases help users discover and use the most relevant and reliable content Figure 7. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Access to multidisciplinary, multi-format research database would help library users to discover and use the most relevant and reliable content. 24% 43% 29% 4% 1% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611) 26
- 27. “…I would like to talk about the functionality - I wish the multidisciplinary dbase would offer "the best of" the discipline specific ones - really good ways to narrow down topics when getting back so many results.” —Subject Librarian Source: 2019 Librarian survey (N=611)
- 28. Many global challenges will require coordination across a variety of fields, calling on disciplinary specialists as well as interdisciplinarians… … to explore any critical topic across through various disciplinary lenses. 28
- 29. Example: Sustainable Fashion • Origins in Second World War (‘Fashion on the Ration’ and “Make do and mend”) • Popularized in the late 1980s and 1990s by companies like H&M and ESPRIT • Currently, the fashion industry is the second largest contributor of global pollution • Multidisciplinary: business, technology, social welfare, environmental impact, government regulation, economic output, public health, international law, chemistry, women’s studies, and many more… 29
- 30. Example: Food Security • Relates to availability of food and individuals’ accessibility to food (including affordability) • Risk factors include economic or political instability (including wars) and weather- related or (droughts or flooding) deliver-related (shipping disruptions or fuel shortages) disruptions • Multidisciplinary: agriculture, political science, manufacturing, education, climate change, religion, health care, macroeconomics, and more. 30
- 31. “Big projects like the Event Horizon Telescope are successful due to all the interdisciplinary expertise different people bring to the table. We’re a melting pot of astronomers, physicists, mathematicians and engineers and this is what will make it soon possible to achieve something once thought impossible” Katie Bouman, How to take a picture of a black hole @ TEDxBeaconStreet, November 2016 Event Horizon Telescope 200 scientists 60 institutes 18 countries 6 continents
- 32. 7 Key Take- Aways 1. Information is available in more formats and via more channels than ever before 2. Research must go beyond the traditional journal 3. Different tasks require different formats 4. Students should seek a variety of viewpoints 5. Students struggle to know which sources to trust 6. Unifying content access simplifies administration of library resources 7. Multi-disciplinary and multi- format databases help users discover and use the most relevant and reliable content 32
- 33. 33
Editor's Notes
- Helsinki
- From looking at usage data on the proquest platform and also from talking to students and academics and carrying out surveys we found that although traditional content types of books and journals are still the most used content types generally there is a wide range of other types of information that they need to conduct research and studies. There are a few factors that contribute to this, such as Technology: easier to share content than ever before More places to publish: blogs, podcasts, More access to information: dissertations, working papers, conference papers etc. And more generally, the way we consume information now is very different to even 2 years ago. Most students are now completely used to consuming content online, especially via video. The most common types that we see include scholarly content such as dissertations and theses, working papers, conference papers, and historical collections. There is also an increase in the amount of scholarly work published on blogs. Non scholarly periodical such as newspapers, as well as magazines, and trade journals Why is this happening? Technologfy. Rise in MultiD researchc
- This is taken from the most recent ITHAKA US Library Survey report from March 2017 722 library deans and directors. As part of the survey they were asked to say how strongly they agreed with the following statement: "As scholarship moves steadily away from its exclusive dependence on text, libraries must shift their own collecting to include new material types.” Results show that over 2/3 of respondents strongly agree with that statement – only a very small minority disagree.
- So through our conversations with users and librarians, our usage data, secondary research and other feedback we gather we know that this phenomenon exists, but we wanted to explore this more deeply, specifically What is the scope of this change? How does this affect students, faculty and librarians? What challenges and opportunities does this present?
- Our 2018 survey built on surveys in 2017 and 2014 to better understand the content types students and faculty used, and the value they see in using them
- We know intuitively that multiple sources are better than relying on a single source or a single type of content. As we began the development process for ProQuest One Academic we wanted to understand how important faculty think that it is for students to use a variety of different types of information. Do they see value in their students using multiple content types in their research, and if so, in what way does this help students? So we asked them this question: “Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following: Using a wide variety of different types of information allows students to do the following…” More than 1,300 faculty members and students overwhelmingly reported that when students use multiple types of content, they… 72% agreed that helps their achieve a better grade on their course 91% agreed it helped students produce better quality assignments 93% agreed that it helps students conduct a more thorough literature review 96% agreed that it enables their students understand concepts and ideas more fully. 93%that using varied content help their students understand concepts more easily). NEXT SLIDE
- Information is available in more formats, via more channels than ever before The majority of our respondents—88%—agreed that academic discussion takes place in more channels and different formats than ever and that users can find navigating them all a challenge; 35% strongly agreed with this statement. Figure 1. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Academic discussion takes place via more channels and different formats (e.g., blogs, videos, working papers, etc.) than ever before; library users can find it difficult to discover and use all of these sources in their own research. —All respondents, 2019 Primary sources, especially news content is also an important format for libraries to offer access to as they the need grows to help students understand issues and topics from multiple points of views for a more rounded and comprehensive view of events.
- “Which of the following types of information do you use in your research?” “Which of the following types of information do you direct your students to in your teaching?” We could then look at differences between the different groups Here are the content types most commonly used by students Ebooks the most used content type What lecturers recommend vs what students use Very close alignment: what ;lecturers recommend is in the green table, what students use is in the grey table Top 4 very similar across all groups; student, all users, and lecturers recommendations. The value of case studies is something that often comes through in conversations with both lecturers and students so it was no surprise to see it very well recommended and very well used. Also government documents and conference proceedings are both often recommended an well used by students
- Eighty-seven percent of respondents agree that academic research is expanding beyond the traditional journal, and that libraries must evolve their collections to take into account these new channels. Nearly four out of ten (39%) strongly agreed with this statement. Digital library resources have been widely available for years, which may explain why respondents not involved in the recommendation or purchase of materials were highly likely to agree with this statement. Final decision makers were less likely to strongly agree, perhaps because they are responsible for the digital transformation.
- Different tasks require different formats Virtually all respondents (98%) agreed that different formats and content types are more appropriate than others, depending on the researcher and the nature of the research. Almost two-thirds (63%) strongly agreed. Regardless of subject area it’s important for librarians to offer their users a variety of content types to support their curricula. While scholarly journals, books, and other text-based materials it’s clear from the responses that multimedia, especially streaming video is becoming an increasingly important part of many academic libraries. Librarians need authoritative and varied content types and sources including scholarly journals, ebooks, streaming videos, dissertations, and contemporary news to support their broad curricula.
- [BB] Bloom’s Taxonomy – sample of content types to demonstrate breadth of content Students build expertise through format variety
- Ninety-four percent of academic libraries agree (more than one-half strongly) that students should seek a variety of viewpoints to build critical thinking skills.
- Two-thirds of academic libraries feel that having all databases and other content on a single platform would simplify the administration of electronic resources—29% strongly agreed. One-fourth (24%) neither agreed nor disagreed, and 10% disagreed, 2% strongly. Smaller institutions were the most likely to favor having all their content on a single platform (78% agreed/strongly agreed). Sixteen percent of mid-size schools and thirteen percent of large schools disagreed about the benefits of a single-platform. Overall, two thirds of final decision makers agreed that having their databases on a single platform simplifies administration, although these respondents were the most likely to disagree (12% disagree/strongly disagree).
- Two-thirds of librarians agree that access to a multidisciplinary, multi-format database would help students find the most relevant and reliable content. Analysis: Librarians see the value of multidisciplinary resources, especially for undergraduate curricula, but see the need for subject-specific resources to support their programs such as in the arts, business, medicine, nursing, and the physical sciences. Regardless of subject area it’s important for librarians to offer their users a variety of content types to support their curricula. While scholarly journals, books, and other text-based materials it’s clear from the responses that multimedia, especially streaming video is becoming an increasingly important part of many academic libraries.
- [BB] Looking across formats, we can explore topics that cross disciplinary boundaries.
- [BB] Option 3 (sample demo script based upon this use case) H&M – good example from local region
- [BB] Option 2
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