This document discusses the different types of construction projects. It identifies the four main types as residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure. However, construction projects can also be classified by the project owner (private vs public), fire resistance rating, and building occupancy. Knowing the proper classification is important for contractors to understand the applicable regulations, specifications, and legal protections for each type of project.
We just don’t build homes and offices “We Love to Craft Them”,
with the care and devotion of a true artist.
We Bring To The Table, Clear Titles, Excellent Locations, Perfect Constructions, Strict Adherence To Rules And Regulations, Care For Customer Needs, And Above All, Ethical Business Practices.
Our Logically Sound Delivery Model Functions With A Single Focus – To Make Living Spaces As Lasting Memories For Life.
Commercial Real Estate -- Property TypesRealty_Mogul
Crowdfunding offers a number of ways to diversify within real estate. This eBook explores the primary commercial property types that an investor should be familiar with.
A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority. Building codes are generally intended to be applied by architects, engineers, constructors and regulators but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants and others.
The document summarizes the National Building Code of Nigeria, which was established in 2007 to set minimum safety and health standards for building design, construction, use, and maintenance. It discusses the code's aims and organization into different sections addressing technical requirements, enforcement, and referenced standards. The code classifies buildings by use, construction type, and other factors in order to determine minimum design and safety provisions. It also establishes responsibilities for professionals and oversight committees. However, the document notes that full enforcement of the code remains a challenge, as many states and local governments have yet to fully adopt and enforce its provisions.
The U.S. construction industry document provides an overview of the key aspects of the industry including:
1) The construction industry employs over 5.8 million workers across more than 660,000 establishments generating $1.3 trillion in annual revenue. Major companies include Jacobs Engineering, KBR, Kiewit, and PulteGroup.
2) Common professions include carpenters, construction laborers, construction managers, electricians, operating engineers, masons, plumbers, and painters. Average annual salaries range from $35,020 to $90,090.
3) The industry has a higher than average rate of injuries due to risks like cuts, falls, burns, and repetitive stress
This document provides an overview of the construction industry and its key participants. It discusses that the construction industry involves many diverse fields and brings together various participants such as designers, contractors, project managers, suppliers and more. The construction industry plays an important economic role through development projects. Some of the key points made are that construction projects are built on-site, involve assembling large structures, and have owners highly involved compared to manufacturing. The main participants outlined are the owner, consultant/designer, and contractor - with the owner funding and initiating the project, the consultant designing it, and the contractor carrying out the construction.
We just don’t build homes and offices “We Love to Craft Them”,
with the care and devotion of a true artist.
We Bring To The Table, Clear Titles, Excellent Locations, Perfect Constructions, Strict Adherence To Rules And Regulations, Care For Customer Needs, And Above All, Ethical Business Practices.
Our Logically Sound Delivery Model Functions With A Single Focus – To Make Living Spaces As Lasting Memories For Life.
Commercial Real Estate -- Property TypesRealty_Mogul
Crowdfunding offers a number of ways to diversify within real estate. This eBook explores the primary commercial property types that an investor should be familiar with.
A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority. Building codes are generally intended to be applied by architects, engineers, constructors and regulators but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants and others.
The document summarizes the National Building Code of Nigeria, which was established in 2007 to set minimum safety and health standards for building design, construction, use, and maintenance. It discusses the code's aims and organization into different sections addressing technical requirements, enforcement, and referenced standards. The code classifies buildings by use, construction type, and other factors in order to determine minimum design and safety provisions. It also establishes responsibilities for professionals and oversight committees. However, the document notes that full enforcement of the code remains a challenge, as many states and local governments have yet to fully adopt and enforce its provisions.
The U.S. construction industry document provides an overview of the key aspects of the industry including:
1) The construction industry employs over 5.8 million workers across more than 660,000 establishments generating $1.3 trillion in annual revenue. Major companies include Jacobs Engineering, KBR, Kiewit, and PulteGroup.
2) Common professions include carpenters, construction laborers, construction managers, electricians, operating engineers, masons, plumbers, and painters. Average annual salaries range from $35,020 to $90,090.
3) The industry has a higher than average rate of injuries due to risks like cuts, falls, burns, and repetitive stress
This document provides an overview of the construction industry and its key participants. It discusses that the construction industry involves many diverse fields and brings together various participants such as designers, contractors, project managers, suppliers and more. The construction industry plays an important economic role through development projects. Some of the key points made are that construction projects are built on-site, involve assembling large structures, and have owners highly involved compared to manufacturing. The main participants outlined are the owner, consultant/designer, and contractor - with the owner funding and initiating the project, the consultant designing it, and the contractor carrying out the construction.
porter five force model on constructive industry in indiaHarshit Gupta
The document analyzes Porter's Five Forces model for the construction industry in India. Rivalry among existing competitors is high due to the large number of construction companies and difficulty differentiating services. The threat of new entrance is also high given over 60,000 registered participants and low barriers to entry. However, the threat of substitutes is low as private housing does not have close substitutes. The bargaining power of buyers is low due to high demand, while the bargaining power of suppliers is high due to shortages of labor and materials and the influence of banks on funding.
This document discusses the risks and responsibilities of various parties involved in construction projects following the Grenfell Tower fire disaster. It outlines steps that developers, contractors, subcontractors, and consultants should take to review their roles and ensure public safety, such as obtaining warranties from contractors, ensuring adequate insurance is in place, and reviewing materials used to ensure compliance with regulations. Developers are advised to formally novate preliminary design consultants to main contractors where possible. Contractors are reminded to thoroughly vet materials specified in designs and raise any safety concerns. Consultants also have an obligation to exercise reasonable care and skill to professional standards.
The document discusses steps that developers, contractors, subcontractors, and consultants involved in construction projects should take to review and mitigate risks in light of the Grenfell Tower fire tragedy. Key steps include:
1) Ensuring collateral warranties can be obtained from contractors and designers and that adequate insurance is maintained.
2) Contractors and subcontractors should thoroughly review materials specified for safety and statutory compliance and avoid warranties regarding employer-specified materials.
3) Consultants should thoroughly review specified materials, raise safety concerns with clients, and carefully review warranties given during novation.
4) All parties should review internal procedures to ensure compliance with regulations and industry standards regarding product suitability.
Chapter 3How We Get the Work In This Chapter ◆◆ How the .docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 3
How We Get the Work
In This Chapter
◆◆ How the contractor tracks down projects to bid on
◆◆ How the bidding process works
◆◆ How the constructor prepares for the
competition
◆◆ The different criteria used to
Before you can start managing any project, you must have a project to determine the winners
manage. To get a project to manage, the contractor must first find projects to bid and then win the opportunity to build them. Finding and getting work is a crucial factor in the success of a construction firm. Obtaining information about upcoming projects is a big part of the overall market- ing effort of the construction company.
Some companies can boast of a certain number of negotiated projects that are just handed to them because of reputation or prior dealings with a happy client. However, in the majority of cases, contractors must com- pete for their work and their livelihood. In the old days, this competitive process was pretty straightforward. But today it has become quite com- plex, and the strategies employed to win the project require abilities that were not needed before, such as negotiation, presentation, team-building, and communication skills.
The construction industry has always been a very competitive business, and today the competition has become even more aggressive. The stakes are higher, the margins are lower, and the skills that must be employed are at a different level. Today all aspects of your game must be operating at full capacity in order to win projects. Owners are much more sophisti- cated and make much greater demands. But the game is indeed a challeng- ing one, and the rewards can be significant.
◆◆ The various factors considered before competing
70 Chapter 3
Finding the Work
Like most industries, construction firms must battle for their share of the mar- ket. The bulk of a company’s workload will be secured through a rigorous price- bidding competition. But even before contractors decide to compete, they must first do some reconnaissance work and determine where the projects are, what they entail, and when they will be put out for bid.
The first step in the process is to determine who is preparing to build new projects and when they will be ready to start. It is imperative that the contrac- tor find and maintain a relatively constant stream of potential jobs in order to stay in business. For a construction company to be successful, it must engage in an intelligence-gathering effort—scoping out new work and keeping an ear to the ground, so to speak, regarding project design starts and capital improvement campaigns among investors and the corporate world. An uninformed contractor who does not find out about a project until it has already broken ground with equipment and materials being delivered has missed an opportunity to win that project. The bottom line is that there are more contractors competing for the work than there is work to compete for, and any missed opportunity is a mistake.
I do ...
A condominium is a type of real estate property where a building or development is divided into multiple units, each owned individually while common areas are jointly owned. Condominiums are often apartment buildings but can also include detached homes where yards and exteriors are jointly owned. Individual unit owners also jointly own common spaces like lobbies and hallways. A homeowner association manages common areas on behalf of owners.
This document analyzes the residential development business in China using Michael Porter's Five Forces model. It examines the intensity of industry rivalry (neutral to favorable), threat of new entrants (neutral to unfavorable), threat of substitutes (favorable for end use but neutral for investment), bargaining power of suppliers (favorable for developers), and bargaining power of buyers (neutral and dependent on industry cycle stage and regulations).
This chapter discusses how a firefighter's understanding of building construction is important for firefighting operations. It covers how different building types react differently to fire based on their construction materials and designs. The chapter then explores the building design and construction process, laws and regulations that affect building design, engineering and economic factors that influence design, and how preincident planning relates to building construction knowledge.
The document discusses building codes and regulations that govern the construction of buildings. It covers various topics like building code types, construction types, occupancy classifications, fire resistance ratings, and factors that determine a building's development like construction type, intended use, and zoning regulations. Building codes establish minimum safety and construction standards and are adopted at the local level, while construction types are classified based on the materials used and their fire resistance.
Building codes and regulations provide minimum standards for building construction and safety. They address requirements for materials, building systems, fire resistance, means of egress, occupancy loads and more. Various codes apply to different aspects of construction, such as the International Building Code, International Residential Code, and National Fire Protection Association codes. Buildings are also subject to zoning ordinances and legal requirements regarding accessibility and worker safety. It is the responsibility of architects and designers to understand and comply with all applicable codes and regulations to ensure building safety.
Building codes and regulations provide minimum standards for building construction and safety. They address requirements for materials, building systems, fire resistance, means of egress, occupancy loads and more. Various codes apply to different aspects of construction, such as the International Building Code, International Residential Code, and National Fire Protection Association codes. Buildings are also subject to zoning ordinances and legal requirements regarding accessibility and worker safety. It is the responsibility of architects and designers to understand and comply with all applicable codes and regulations to ensure building safety.
Motorola two way radio construction guideDavid Martin
Material costs are high. Profit margins are thin. Construction contractors are counting pennies. It’s a prime time for business radio two-way retailers to emphasize the cost benefits of Motorola business two-way radios.
This document discusses construction types and occupancy classifications according to fire inspection codes. It identifies five types of construction (Type I-V) based on their fire resistance. Type I is noncombustible materials like concrete, Type II has some combustible components, Type III uses wood framing, Type IV is heavy timber construction, and Type V is wood frame construction. It also identifies various occupancy classifications including assembly, business, educational, factory/industrial, institutional, residential, storage, and utility/miscellaneous occupancies. Inspectors need to understand the fire risks and life safety requirements for different construction types and occupancies.
The document discusses the design and construction process for civil engineering projects. It begins by describing the four major categories of civil engineering projects: 1) residential housing construction, 2) institutional and commercial building construction, 3) infrastructure and heavy construction, and 4) specialized industrial construction. It then outlines the typical phases of a construction project, including programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding or negotiation, construction, and project closeout. The phases involve forming a planning team, developing requirements, preliminary designs, detailed designs, contractor selection, building, and completion.
Contract Specification and Quantity Surveying.docxDejeneTsegaye6
This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It also outlines the typical phases of a construction project: programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which include technical drawings and specifications, and their role in clearly defining the project scope and contractual obligations.
Contract Specification and Quantity Surveying.docxDejeneTsegaye6
This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It then describes four major categories of civil engineering projects: (1) residential housing construction, (2) institutional and commercial building construction, (3) infrastructure and heavy construction, and (4) specialized industrial construction. The document also outlines the typical phases of a construction project including programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which are made up of drawings and specifications.
Contract Specification and Quantity Surveying.docxDejeneTsegaye6
This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It then describes four major categories of civil engineering projects: (1) residential housing construction, (2) institutional and commercial building construction, (3) infrastructure and heavy construction, and (4) specialized industrial construction. The document also outlines the typical phases of a construction project including programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which are comprised of drawings and specifications.
This newsletter discusses statutory adjudication and how it can benefit the construction industry in Hong Kong. It provides an overview of current alternative dispute resolution methods like mediation and arbitration and their limitations in resolving payment disputes quickly. Statutory adjudication addresses this gap by providing a fast-track dispute process that delivers a temporary binding decision within a strict timetable of around 4 months. It also gives the unpaid party the right to suspend work if the adjudicated payment is not made, as well as prohibiting "pay-when-paid" clauses that can delay payments down the supply chain. While some question how just the short adjudication timetable is, overall it aims to ease cash flow problems in the industry through prompt resolution of payment disputes.
The Case for Standard Forms of Construction ContractTom Joseph Mukasa
A public lecture presentation on 8 July 2016 by Tom Joseph Mukasa, (sponsored by the Institution of Surveyors of Uganda) at Kyambogo University, Kampala - Uganda.
Risk Mitigation In Construction ContractsIRJET Journal
This document discusses risks in construction contracts. It begins by defining what a construction contract is, noting that it is a legal agreement that governs a construction project and aims to allocate and mitigate risks between parties. It then describes the key parties that are typically involved in a construction contract - the employer/owner, contractor, subcontractors, tenderer, and agent. The document outlines some of the major risks that construction contracts aim to address, such as land acquisition risks for the owner, cost overruns and delays for contractors, and payment risks for subcontractors. Overall, the document provides background on construction contracts and highlights how they are used to allocate risks between parties involved in construction projects.
Prieto Swain Placilla Duvall Diwik Aba 2009 FinalBob Prieto
This document summarizes a paper on public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure projects in the United States. It begins with definitions of PPPs and examples of different PPP models. It then discusses issues for PPPs in more depth, including the types of partnerships available, factors to consider in structuring partnerships, and examples of levers that can be used in transportation PPPs regarding equity contributions and tolling policies. The document provides an overview of considerations for both public and private partners in the developing U.S. PPP market.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
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The document analyzes Porter's Five Forces model for the construction industry in India. Rivalry among existing competitors is high due to the large number of construction companies and difficulty differentiating services. The threat of new entrance is also high given over 60,000 registered participants and low barriers to entry. However, the threat of substitutes is low as private housing does not have close substitutes. The bargaining power of buyers is low due to high demand, while the bargaining power of suppliers is high due to shortages of labor and materials and the influence of banks on funding.
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The document discusses steps that developers, contractors, subcontractors, and consultants involved in construction projects should take to review and mitigate risks in light of the Grenfell Tower fire tragedy. Key steps include:
1) Ensuring collateral warranties can be obtained from contractors and designers and that adequate insurance is maintained.
2) Contractors and subcontractors should thoroughly review materials specified for safety and statutory compliance and avoid warranties regarding employer-specified materials.
3) Consultants should thoroughly review specified materials, raise safety concerns with clients, and carefully review warranties given during novation.
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Chapter 3How We Get the Work In This Chapter ◆◆ How the .docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 3
How We Get the Work
In This Chapter
◆◆ How the contractor tracks down projects to bid on
◆◆ How the bidding process works
◆◆ How the constructor prepares for the
competition
◆◆ The different criteria used to
Before you can start managing any project, you must have a project to determine the winners
manage. To get a project to manage, the contractor must first find projects to bid and then win the opportunity to build them. Finding and getting work is a crucial factor in the success of a construction firm. Obtaining information about upcoming projects is a big part of the overall market- ing effort of the construction company.
Some companies can boast of a certain number of negotiated projects that are just handed to them because of reputation or prior dealings with a happy client. However, in the majority of cases, contractors must com- pete for their work and their livelihood. In the old days, this competitive process was pretty straightforward. But today it has become quite com- plex, and the strategies employed to win the project require abilities that were not needed before, such as negotiation, presentation, team-building, and communication skills.
The construction industry has always been a very competitive business, and today the competition has become even more aggressive. The stakes are higher, the margins are lower, and the skills that must be employed are at a different level. Today all aspects of your game must be operating at full capacity in order to win projects. Owners are much more sophisti- cated and make much greater demands. But the game is indeed a challeng- ing one, and the rewards can be significant.
◆◆ The various factors considered before competing
70 Chapter 3
Finding the Work
Like most industries, construction firms must battle for their share of the mar- ket. The bulk of a company’s workload will be secured through a rigorous price- bidding competition. But even before contractors decide to compete, they must first do some reconnaissance work and determine where the projects are, what they entail, and when they will be put out for bid.
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I do ...
A condominium is a type of real estate property where a building or development is divided into multiple units, each owned individually while common areas are jointly owned. Condominiums are often apartment buildings but can also include detached homes where yards and exteriors are jointly owned. Individual unit owners also jointly own common spaces like lobbies and hallways. A homeowner association manages common areas on behalf of owners.
This document analyzes the residential development business in China using Michael Porter's Five Forces model. It examines the intensity of industry rivalry (neutral to favorable), threat of new entrants (neutral to unfavorable), threat of substitutes (favorable for end use but neutral for investment), bargaining power of suppliers (favorable for developers), and bargaining power of buyers (neutral and dependent on industry cycle stage and regulations).
This chapter discusses how a firefighter's understanding of building construction is important for firefighting operations. It covers how different building types react differently to fire based on their construction materials and designs. The chapter then explores the building design and construction process, laws and regulations that affect building design, engineering and economic factors that influence design, and how preincident planning relates to building construction knowledge.
The document discusses building codes and regulations that govern the construction of buildings. It covers various topics like building code types, construction types, occupancy classifications, fire resistance ratings, and factors that determine a building's development like construction type, intended use, and zoning regulations. Building codes establish minimum safety and construction standards and are adopted at the local level, while construction types are classified based on the materials used and their fire resistance.
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Building codes and regulations provide minimum standards for building construction and safety. They address requirements for materials, building systems, fire resistance, means of egress, occupancy loads and more. Various codes apply to different aspects of construction, such as the International Building Code, International Residential Code, and National Fire Protection Association codes. Buildings are also subject to zoning ordinances and legal requirements regarding accessibility and worker safety. It is the responsibility of architects and designers to understand and comply with all applicable codes and regulations to ensure building safety.
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This document discusses construction types and occupancy classifications according to fire inspection codes. It identifies five types of construction (Type I-V) based on their fire resistance. Type I is noncombustible materials like concrete, Type II has some combustible components, Type III uses wood framing, Type IV is heavy timber construction, and Type V is wood frame construction. It also identifies various occupancy classifications including assembly, business, educational, factory/industrial, institutional, residential, storage, and utility/miscellaneous occupancies. Inspectors need to understand the fire risks and life safety requirements for different construction types and occupancies.
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This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It also outlines the typical phases of a construction project: programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which include technical drawings and specifications, and their role in clearly defining the project scope and contractual obligations.
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This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It then describes four major categories of civil engineering projects: (1) residential housing construction, (2) institutional and commercial building construction, (3) infrastructure and heavy construction, and (4) specialized industrial construction. The document also outlines the typical phases of a construction project including programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which are made up of drawings and specifications.
Contract Specification and Quantity Surveying.docxDejeneTsegaye6
This document provides an introduction to civil engineering design and construction processes. It discusses the relationship between design and construction, noting that construction implements a design. It then describes four major categories of civil engineering projects: (1) residential housing construction, (2) institutional and commercial building construction, (3) infrastructure and heavy construction, and (4) specialized industrial construction. The document also outlines the typical phases of a construction project including programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, construction, and pre-occupancy/commissioning. Finally, it discusses the relationship between construction documents, which are comprised of drawings and specifications.
This newsletter discusses statutory adjudication and how it can benefit the construction industry in Hong Kong. It provides an overview of current alternative dispute resolution methods like mediation and arbitration and their limitations in resolving payment disputes quickly. Statutory adjudication addresses this gap by providing a fast-track dispute process that delivers a temporary binding decision within a strict timetable of around 4 months. It also gives the unpaid party the right to suspend work if the adjudicated payment is not made, as well as prohibiting "pay-when-paid" clauses that can delay payments down the supply chain. While some question how just the short adjudication timetable is, overall it aims to ease cash flow problems in the industry through prompt resolution of payment disputes.
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This document discusses risks in construction contracts. It begins by defining what a construction contract is, noting that it is a legal agreement that governs a construction project and aims to allocate and mitigate risks between parties. It then describes the key parties that are typically involved in a construction contract - the employer/owner, contractor, subcontractors, tenderer, and agent. The document outlines some of the major risks that construction contracts aim to address, such as land acquisition risks for the owner, cost overruns and delays for contractors, and payment risks for subcontractors. Overall, the document provides background on construction contracts and highlights how they are used to allocate risks between parties involved in construction projects.
Prieto Swain Placilla Duvall Diwik Aba 2009 FinalBob Prieto
This document summarizes a paper on public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure projects in the United States. It begins with definitions of PPPs and examples of different PPP models. It then discusses issues for PPPs in more depth, including the types of partnerships available, factors to consider in structuring partnerships, and examples of levers that can be used in transportation PPPs regarding equity contributions and tolling policies. The document provides an overview of considerations for both public and private partners in the developing U.S. PPP market.
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Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
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towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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1. What Are The Different
Types of Construction?
Scott Wolfe Jr
727 articles
Last updated: Oct 18, 2022
Published: Jan 21, 2013
Reading time: 6 minutes
Share:
There are many ways to classify the different types of construction: by sector,
owner, occupancy, and fire resistance. All of these different categories give
important information about the kind of construction required as well as the laws
that govern the construction process.
2. The four key types of construction include residential, commercial, industrial, and
infrastructure, which covers nearly every construction project. That said, there are
still important details about the type of construction, like whether the project is
publicly or privately funded. Read on for more details about how to identify which
kind of project you’re working on.
Table of Contents
The 4 main types of construction
Other types of construction
o Project owner
o Fire resistance
o Building Occupancy
Know your project type
The 4 main types of construction
For many folks in the construction industry, the type of construction project refers
to the actual facility being constructed. These are simply:
1. Residential buildings, like single and multi-family homes.
2. Commercial buildings, such as offices or warehouses.
3. Industrial facilities, like factories or large-scale production facilities.
4. Infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, airports, or wastewater systems.
Classifying projects this way gives you a sense of the function of the facility as
well as the techniques and equipment that may be required for construction.
Though commercial and residential jobs are both common types of private
construction projects, there are some key differences between them that contractors
need to know.
These main types of construction cover the vast majority of projects, and many
companies and contractors are specialized to work on a specific sector.
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Other types of construction
While classification by building type can be useful in understanding a project’s
ultimate goal, other systems of classification offer more insight into the legal
requirements and risks of construction. There are several other common ways to
classify the various types of construction, including:
Project owner
Fire resistance
Building occupancy
We have details about all of these different classifications below.
Project owner
Perhaps the most important way to categorize construction is based on who owns
the project or property. Why is that? Because state and federal laws care about who
owns the project when it comes to contracts, payments, and the amount of risk that
contractors and suppliers will carry on the project.
Laws aren’t concerned with the facility you’re working on and whether it’s
industrial or heavy civil. Instead, they set requirements based on who owns the
project. Just look at prompt payment laws, mechanics liens, and bond claim rights,
and pretty much any other law that affects a contractor’s right to payment on a job.
5. Broadly speaking, construction project are either public or private, but those are
further broken down into 4 types:
1. Private residential projects involve single-family dwellings or residential
facilities with several units.
2. Private commercial projects include restaurants, grocery stores, skyscrapers,
shopping centers, sports facilities, hospitals, as well as private schools and
universities.
3. State construction projects are government-funded projects that are not owned
by the federal government, potentially including public schools, civic buildings,
highways, or bridges.
4. Federal construction projects are government-funded projects that are owned
by the federal government. Like state projects, the actual construction work is
often on government buildings and infrastructure projects.
6. These categories are determined by who owns the property where the construction
project is taking place. This is important because the property owner will
determine what type of payment security contractors and suppliers have on the job.
On private projects, a mechanics lien provides construction professionals with a
security interest in the property itself. If they are not paid, they can file a lien claim
and encumber the property, making it difficult for the owner to sell or refinance
until the contractor’s debt is paid.
Public land, whether state or federal, cannot be subjected to a lien claim from a
contractor. Instead, payments on these projects are secured by the general
contractor’s payment bond. The bond essentially takes the place of the property—if
a construction business is not paid, they can file a bond claim with the surety that
provided the GC’s bond.
Why do you need to know who owns a project? The differences are very important
because the laws governing your construction project are significantly different
depending on the owner.
First of all, the type of payment security available to contractors and suppliers on a
project is different. On private projects (residential or commercial), unpaid
construction businesses can file a mechanics lien.
But on public projects, the federal or state government that owns it doesn’t allow
contractors to lien their property. Instead, the Miller Act (at the federal level)
or Little Miller Acts (at the state level) typically require the general contractor to
put up a payment bond to provide payment security to those working on it. If
they’re unpaid, they can make a bond claim to recover the money.
But payment laws are not the only laws that are different. Labor laws and
contracting rules are different depending on your project type, and more.
These legal differences are why the traditional classification system – based on the
building type – are largely irrelevant. While the character of the underlying work is
7. important to some degree, the big legal differences hinge on the private or public
nature of the work.
Fire resistance
Buildings are often classified by their fire resistance rating, which is a safety
measure used to calculate the structure’s ability to withstand a fire. These standards
are found in the Building Construction and Safety Code produced by the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Fire resistance rating can be applied to
specific materials or building elements, or to buildings as a whole based on the
materials used.
The fire resistance ratings apply to structural building materials, including those
used on exterior and interior bearing walls, columns, beams, girders, trusses, and
arches, as well as floor, ceiling, and roof assemblies. Here are the main types of
buildings according to fire resistance rating:
8. Type I: Fire resistive. All building materials are non-combustible, providing 3-
4 hours of resistance to fire. This type of construction is typically found in high-
rise buildings, commercial projects, and hospitals.
Type II: Non-Combustible. All building materials are non-combustible,
providing 1-2 hours of fire resistance. This construction is used in mid-rise office
buildings, hotels, and schools.
Type III: Ordinary. Ordinary construction provides 0-2 hours of resistance to
fire. Exterior walls are constructed of non-combustible materials, like brick,
while the interior structural elements may be combustible. This is typically found
in warehouses and some residential homes.
Type IV: Heavy Timber. Heavy timber construction requires exterior walls to
be non-combustible, providing 2 hours of fire resistance, with the interior made
of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces. This is often used in
churches, small commercial buildings, and warehouses.
Type V: Wood Framed. Wood framed buildings have walls, floors, and roofs
made of wood, providing little to no fire resistance. This type of construction is
common in residential homes.
Apart from the obvious safety concern for public officials, property owners, and
occupants of the building, compliance with fire resistance codes will also affect the
construction companies actually creating the structure.
In a building project, the material fire resistance requirements will typically be
found in the construction specifications provided in the contract documents. As a
result, these classifications are important for contractors and suppliers to
understand and follow to ensure they meet the contract requirements. If a
contractor substitutes unapproved materials, whether for cost savings or ease of
use, they could end up breaching their contract, having to correct their work, and
even paying damages.
Building Occupancy
Construction projects are often categorized by their occupancy, which refers both
to their use and the number of people allowed to occupy the facility.
9. While local jurisdictions set their own building codes, they often choose to adopt a
standard set of accepted codes. The most common in the US is The International
Building Code (IBC), which has 10 broad classifications for buildings:
Assembly (Group A): Facilities where people gather in large groups. Includes
churches, restaurants, theaters, stadiums, etc.
Business (Group B): Facilities where commercial services (not retail products)
are provided. Includes government buildings, universities, hair salons, doctors’
offices, banks, etc.
Educational (Group E): Facilities for youth education. Includes elementary
schools, high schools, day care centers, etc.
Factory (Group F): Facilities designed for manufacture, assembly, fabrication,
or repair of goods. Includes cabinetmakers, furniture shops, paper mills, auto
mechanics, etc.
10. High-Hazard (Group H): Facilities for production or storage of flammable or
toxic materials, like fireworks, explosives, combustible liquids, etc.
Institutional (Group I): Facilities where occupants require physical assistance or
are detained. Includes nursing homes, hospitals, prisons, etc.
Mercantile (Group M): Facilities for display or retail of goods. Includes grocery
stores, department stores, drug stores, gas stations, etc.
Residential (Group R): Facilities for overnight stay. Includes houses, apartment
buildings, hotels, motels, etc.
Storage (Group S): Facilities where non-hazardous items are stored. Includes
warehouses, parking garages, etc.
Utility and Miscellaneous (Group U): Facilities for other uses not included in
other categories. Includes water towers, carports, barns, greenhouses, sheds, etc.
Occupancy is important for architects, contractors, and property owners when it
comes to both zoning and building codes. Failure to comply with zoning and code
requirements will cause problems during the building inspection, which can push
back project closeout, cause a breach of contract, and delay payments to
contractors on the job.
Know your project type
The type of project you’re working on will often determine the type of contract,
materials, and specifications required. If any construction participant fails to follow
the code and safety requirements required for that building type, it can cause a
building inspector to issue a correction or rejection that drags out the project
completion and delays payment to everyone on the project.
But no matter what type of building you’re constructing, it’s critical to know the
type of project owner—whether the project is a private, state, or federal project.
This will determine the rules for getting paid, including the actions that contractors
and suppliers must take if payment doesn’t come through.
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