World War I helped set the stage for the Russian Revolution by weakening Russia's government and economy. Russia entered the war poorly equipped and led, which further damaged morale and faith in the ruling czar. As conditions worsened, unrest and demonstrations grew. In March 1917, the czar abdicated and a provisional government took over until elections. However, two factions, the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks, fought for control. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, advocated for immediate peace and radical land reforms. In November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution, establishing the Soviet Union and communist rule.

1. CHAPTER 27 Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3: The Russian Revolution Section 4: The Terms of Peace Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe World War I and the Russian Revolution

2. SECTION 1 Ch 18.3 Bell Ringer: What events or circumstances led to the Russian Revolution and the creation of the Communist Party? Setting the Stage for War

3. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War … covered one-sixth of the land surface of the globe, and was populated by almost 150 million people of more than a hundred different nationalities.

4. Political Cartoon Setting the Stage for War

5. Weaknesses of Russia Insufficient food Appropriate armaments; poorly equipped Inadequate roads Poorly led military Corrupt, inefficient government No faith in government or czar SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

6. Why was this time different? Army sided with the demonstrators. The Duma refused to disband. Mar 1917 – Czar Nicholas abdicates – He and his family were soon imprisoned. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

7. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

8. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War 6th June 1906: In a cartoon called 'Peril!' in Punch , Liberty says to the Tsar, 'Give him his head, it's your only chance, and mine!'

9. With the overthrow of the czar, a temporary gov’t was set up until a constitutional assembly could be elected. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War While the new rules were trying to restore order, another group worked for more radical change.

10. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies … organized when unrest began in Russia Soviet = council The leaders were socialists. Radical members called for immediate peace & land reforms. The provisional gov’t opposed both.

11. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Two factions fought for control of the soviets. Mensheviks Bolsheviks

12. Vladimir Lenin – revolutionary socialist Their slogan was “Peace, Bread, and Land” His version of Marxism formed the basis of communism. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

13. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War 7 Nov 1917 – the October Revolution The Bolsheviks overthrew the Constitutional Assembly because they did NOT have a majority in it.

14. Peace and Civil War Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Communists faced great opposition – civil war breaks out early 1918 and lasts three years Red Army vs Whites The Allies helped the Whites for two reasons. Renamed Russia …. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union) SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

15. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

16. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War