1) The document discusses threats to world peace in the interwar period, including the Spanish Civil War between Nationalists and Loyalists and Germany's rearmament under Hitler. 2) Japan began expanding its military control over parts of China in the 1930s. Italy conquered Ethiopia. 3) By 1939, Japan controlled about one-fourth of China, including all major seaports. Regional conflicts foreshadowed wider global war.

1. CHAPTER 21 Section 1: Threats to World Peace Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Section 3: Axis Gains Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Section 5: The Holocaust Section 6: The End of the War World War II

2. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Spain: _____________________ ___________________________ Germany: __________________ __________________________ Spain: _______________________ _____________________________ Soviet Union: _________________ _____________________________ Italy: _______________________ ____________________________ International Brigades: _______ ___________________________ Bell Ringer 21.1: Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? Nationalists Loyalists

3. After WWI, the role of the League of Nations as an international peacekeeper was challenged. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace First meeting of the League assembly in 1920

4. Visual Sources Threats to World Peace 'My offensive equipment being practically nil , it remains for me to fascinate him with the power of my eye.'" Punch July 28th, 1920

5. Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 Agreement that made war “illegal” Signed by 60 nations SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

6. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Japanese military begins gaining power in late 1920s. Political chaos followed the assassination of the liberal minister Osachi Hamaguchi. Within two years, a group of military leaders took control.

7. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace On the evening of September 18, 1931, an explosion occurred on the railroad north of Mukden. The railroad was owned and operated by the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers. Military leaders immediately blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and began an occupation of the area.

8. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

9. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China, including ALL seaports.

10. Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

11. Civil War in Spain SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Nobility and large landowners The Catholic Church military peasants workers WAR!

12. The Falange SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace army landowners Church Used terrorism to preserve the power of … Fascist political party

13. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

14. Set up a fascist dictatorship Had unlimited power Ended all free elections & most civil rights Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Church - all held the positions of power SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Francisco Franco

15. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace

16. Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists Word Bank Threats to World Peace

17. Ready? QUIZ! Military dictatorship Falange Manchuria International Brigades illegal Military Fascist Economic sanctions Ethiopia Loyalists Word Bank Threats to World Peace

18. SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Spain: army leaders, church leaders, landowners, nobles Germany: fully equipped military units Spain: workers, peasants, socialists, communists Soviet Union: airplanes, technicians, military advisors Italy: fully equipped military units, 50,000 troops International Brigades: about 70,000 volunteer fighters Nationalists Loyalists

19. SECTION 1 Spain: army leaders, church leaders, landowners, nobles Germany: fully equipped military units Spain: workers, peasants, socialists, communists Soviet Union: airplanes, technicians, military advisors Italy: fully equipped military units, 50,000 troops International Brigades: about 70,000 volunteer fighters Bell Ringer 21.1: Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? What groups supported each side? Threats to World Peace Nationalists Loyalists

20. SECTION 1 Spain: _____________________ ___________________________ Germany:__________________ __________________________ Spain: ______________________ ____________________________ Soviet Union: ________________ ____________________________ Italy:______________________ __________________________ International Brigades:________ ___________________________ Bell Ringer 21.1: Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? What groups supported each side? Threats to World Peace Nationalists Loyalists

21. Chapter Wrap-Up 1. How did regional conflicts grow to involve many nations in World War II? 2. How did Hitler use prejudice as a tool? 3. How was the technology of World War II both beneficial and destructive? CHAPTER 21