Benificial for NTA-NET, M.Ed

1. Schools of philosophy
Pragmatism
Ms. kalpana singh
Assistant professor
Dev Sangha Institute of professional studies
and Educational Research

2. Introduction
Pragmatism Stands between Idealism and materialism of
compromise. its origin can be traced from the sophists
philosophy of ancient Greece who held that man is the
measure of all things.
Definition : A/c to William James “Pragmatism
is a temper of mind and attitude .it is also a theory
of the nature of ideas and truth and finally it is a
theory about reality.”

3. Pragmatism
● Derived from Greek word “PRAGMA” which means
work, practice action or activity
● The philosophy that encourages people to find the
processes that work in order to achieve their desired
● pragmatists believe that reality is constantly
changing and that will learn through applying our
experience and thoughts to problems as they arise.

4. Protogonists of pragmatism
Charles .s .Percy ,William James ,John dewey , Margaret
H.mead and W.H. kilpatrick
Other name of pragmatism
● Practical philosophy ,Utilitarian philosophy
● Experimental philosophy ,Philosophy of instrumentalism
● Philosophy of consequentialism ,Cash value philosophy,
● According to A.J.Bahn : down to earth philosophy

5. Metaphysics and pragmatism
● Rejects metaphysics as an area of philosophical enquiry.
● reality is determined by individuals sense experience man
can know nothing beyond his experience so question
related to nature of Man aur universe simply cannot
answer.
● Any conclusion we make about life after death is marely
guess.
● Does not believe in anything is spiritual or transendental
values.
● Reality is constantly changing.

6. Epistemology and pragmatism
Knowledge based on experience is through all that
can be known is dependent upon experience.
● Phenomenon are constantly changing to
knowledge about truth must change
accordingly.
● They emphasize on functional knowledge and
understanding.
● No spiritual or ultimate values.

7. Axiology and pragmatism
● Values are not real existence value
change according to difference in time
and space.
● Man being a part of society the
consequences of his action are either
good or bad if the consequences are
worthwhile then the value of the action is
proven to be good.

8. Forms of pragmatism
● Humanistic pragmatism
● Experimental pragmatism
● Nominalistic pragmatism
● Biological pragmatism

9. Principles of pragmatism
● Revolt against traditionalism and absolution
● Truth Changes
● No ultimatet values
● Thought is subordinate to action
● Faith in democracy flexibility
● Faith in present and future
● Faith in pluralism experimentalism manpower
experience
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10. ● Instrumentalism
● Interaction with environment
● Social values
● Knowledge is a by product of action
● Problems motivate truth
● Rejection of authority
● Principle of utility
● Reality is still in the making
● Faith in practical philosophy

11. Characteristics of pragmatic education
● Education as a life
● Education as growth
● Education as reconstruction of experiences
● Education as a social process
● Education as a responsibility of a state
● Education as freedom
● Education as development of philosophy of education
● Education as humanitarianism
● Education as a democracy
● Education as human personality

12. Pragmatism and aims of
Education
● More education
● Creation of new values
● All round development
● Growth and social efficiency
● Personal and social adjustment
● Leads to democracy

13. Pragmatism and curriculum
● Principle of utility.
● Principal of interest
● Principle of experience
● Principle of integration
● Principle of flexibility
● Principle of child centeredness
● Principle of life centred ness

14. Pragmatism and methods
● Learning by doing
● Project method
● Experimental method
● Purposive process of learning
● Problem solving method
● Integrated approach of teaching

15. Pragmatism And discipline
● Social discipline based on the child's interest
activities and his sense of social responsibility
● Self confidence, self reliance ,corporations
sympathy and fellow feeling for others.
● Social qualities developed in him a sense of
discipline and a moral obligation towards the self
and others.

16. Pragmatism and teacher
● Teacher and experimentalist
● Teacher a friend and a guide
● Teacher adopts hands off policy
● Teachers should know the child and
society
● Teacher a model

17. Pragmatism and student
● Important place of child have opportunities to
develop three aspects of personality that is biological
,psychological and social aspects
● Pragmatism and school
● According to John Dewey School as a miniature
society in which the child gets real experiences to act
and behave according to his interest attitudes and
capacities.

18. Contribution of pragmatism in education
● Democratic outlook
● social efficiency
● School a miniature society
● Child centred education
● Utility education
● Social discipline
● Equal importance to teacher and the taught
● New techniques of teaching
● Optimistic attitudes

19. Educational implications
Education as a life
● Pragmatists family believe that old and traditional education is dead
and lifeless
● Education is a continuous reorganizing reconstructing and
integrating the experience and activities of race
● Real knowledge can be gained only we activity experiments and real
life experiences.
● Education as growth
● Each child is born with inherent capacities, tendencies and attitudes
which are drawn out and developed by education one of the aim of
education is to develop all the inherent capacities of the child to the
fullest explain it

20. Education as a social process
● Main gains more knowledge through personal
experiences than he gets from books.
● Education a continuous reconstructing of experience
● Knowledge is gained by experiences and experiments
conducted by the learners himself.
● Educational process has no in beyond itself.
● Education the responsibility of a state
● education is the birth right of each individual and may
not be within the right of the individual so the state
should solder the responsibility.

21. Merits
● Useful practicable
● Developing educational and social efficiencies
● Teaching methods
● Child becomes an inventor or discoverer
● Principle of integration and correlation of all subjects on knowledge
● Demerits
● Negation of eternal truth ignore spiritual values, emphasis on
material world amorphous occasion the past against formal
education difficulty in curriculum construction heavy demands on
teacher academy freedom management action of

22. Thank you