1. Make and Do
Make Do
To make sense (this doesn’t make sense) To do homework / housework
To make a mistake (we all make mistakes!) To do the shopping
To make money To do research (In the “proyecto integrado”
we will have to do a lot of research
To make friends (I have no problems making
friends)
To do sb. a favour (can you do me a
favour, please?)
To make a decision (the time has come to
make a decision)
To do well / badly (she did really well in her
English exam. However she did badly in
Maths)
To make progress (you are really making
progress!)
To do your best (I promise on my honour to
do my best…)
To make a difference (having a smart board
in class has made a huge difference!)
To do an exam / test (the doctor did some
tests)
To make a mess (you are making a terrible
mess!)
To make fun of sb (the children in her class
are always making fun of her)
To make an effort (if you want to do well in
this subject, you have to make an effort)

2. Passive Tense
Compare these 2 encyclopedia entries:
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone
A British inventor who went to live in
the USA and then Canada. Bell
invented the telephone.
An apparatus with which people
can talk to each other over long
distances. The telephone was
invented by Alexander Graham
Bell.
Active Passive
Bell invented the telephone. The telephone was invented by
Bell.
The 2 sentences have the same meaning, but they are about different things. One
sentence is about Bell and the other is about the telephone. The subject (at the start) tells
us what we are talking about.
When the subject is the person or thing doing the action (agent), then we use an active
verb:
• Bell invented the phone. (Bell = subject + agent)
When the subject is NOT the agent (is not doing the action), then we use a passive verb:
• The phone was invented by Bell. (the telephone = subject but NOT the agent)

3. Passive tenses
Tense Active Passive
Present Simple They clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned
Present continuous They are studying the Civil War
in class.
The Civil War is being studied
in class
Present Perfect Simple They have built a new library in
my town
A new library has been built in
my town
Past Simple Builders built Monaita in 1972 Monaita was built in 1972
Past Continuous They were fixing the alarm
when the bomb exploded.
The alarm was being fixed
when …..
Past Perfect If you park here, they will tow
away your car.
Your car will be towed away if
you park here.
Future By the time we got to the
stadium, they had sold all the
tickets.
All the tickets had been sold
by the time we got to the
station.
Modals You should check the blog from
time to time
The blog should be checked
from …..
The Passive is formed with the verb “to be” + the past participle.
Remember to make the verb AGREE with the SUBJECT