Week nine, wwii
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This document provides an overview and outline of topics to be covered related to World War II and the US role. It discusses key aspects of the war including the home front experience, the differing perspectives of those fighting abroad, and the war's impact on social and economic changes in the US. Specifically, it highlights the war's role in ending the Great Depression, increasing women's participation in the workforce, and advancing civil rights for black Americans and setting a model for the later Civil Rights Movement. It also examines controversial aspects of the war such as the bombing of Dresden and the racial atrocities that occurred between US and Japanese troops in the Pacific theater.
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What role did ethnicity play in.pdf
- America initially remained neutral in World War 1 from 1914-1917 due to viewing the war as a result of issues internal to Europe. However, Germany sinking an American ship and the Zimmerman Telegram led America to enter the war in 1917.
- Ethnicity played a role in America's neutrality, as some ethnic groups with ties to European countries at war lobbied for or against involvement. However, Germany's provocations made America's neutral stance untenable.
- After entering the war, America helped ensure an Allied victory and established itself as a world power, but flaws in the Treaty of Versailles contributed to tensions that led to World War 2.
What were the causes of World War II The main cause of the
What were the causes of World War II?
The main cause of the European war was Hitler’s drive to create lebensraum or living space for Germans in Eastern Europe (Shubert, A. & Goldstein, R.J. 2012). Hitler wanted to expand his Aryan nation and needed more territory to ensure it reached its full potential. The Allied powers were appeasing Hitler up until the invasion of Poland which led to a declaration of war by France and Great Britain. In the Pacific, the Japanese empire began expanding before European powers were staged to begin their conflict. The Japanese were reliant on imports to drive their economy as they had no natural resources. They knew in order to become self-sufficient they would need to expand. They began doing this in 1931 until their attack on Pearl Harbor which brought the US into the war. Had the US not cut off oil to the Japanese empire the US may not have gotten involved in the war.
How did it differ from the First World War?
The first World War began with the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, national alliances, and European expansionism. The second World War was different in the fact the continent was as a whole not prepared for a war. The Great Depression and economic issues were chocking European nations. To contrast with the first World War, most European nations were ready for a war and wanted one. The allies leading up to the second World War tried to prevent it as much as possible. By appeasing Hitler, they felt they could stop him from expanding too much. However, they were too soft on him and at the very end of the pre-war era, they tried to take a tough stance. Hitler did not budge, however. The second World War was about expanding empires, recovering national pride, and creating an Aryan living space. The first World War revolved around land grabbing which ended in little land actually being grabbed. In the Pacific, the Japanese empire seized territory for resources such as oil and rubber in addition to expanding their empire. However, their primary goal was to obtain enough land to be self-sufficient economically.
What role did race, and ethnicity play in the conflict?
Race played a factor on both sides of the conflict. For the Axis powers, it was more apparent. The Nazis were exterminating Jews, blacks, homosexuals, and Slavs. His vendetta against these groups caused thousands to die. From occupied France to parts of occupied Russia the Germans executed their brutal ideology on occupied peoples. This played a huge role in how occupied nations were governed and order maintained. In the Pacific, the Japanese were massacring Chinese, Korean, and Indonesian people. The Japanese did not see these people as equal to them. So, anyone who resisted or was accused of resisting was killed. This continued throughout the war. In Allied ranks, Segregation existed within the US, this carried over onto the battlefield. Entire regiments of troops were minorities. Separating fighting forces by race w ...
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FIFTH EDITION
By Eric Foner
1
Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War II, 1941 to 1945
The most popular works of art in World War II were paintings of the Four Freedoms by Norman Rockwell. In his State of the Union address before Congress in January 1941, President Roosevelt spoke of a future world order based on “essential human freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. During the war, Roosevelt emphasized these freedoms as the Allies’ war aims, and he compared them to the Ten Commandments, the Magna Carta, and the Emancipation Proclamation. In his paintings, created in 1943, Rockwell portrayed ordinary Americans exercising these freedoms: a citizen speaking at a town meeting, members of different religious groups at prayer, a family enjoying a Thanksgiving dinner, and a mother and father standing over a sleeping child.
Though Rockwell presented images of small-town American life, the United States changed dramatically in the course of the war. Many postwar trends and social movements had wartime origins. As with World War I, but on a far greater scale, wartime mobilization expanded the size and reach of government and stimulated the economy. Industrial output skyrocketed and unemployment disappeared as war production finally ended the Depression. Demands for labor drew millions of women into the workforce and lured millions of migrants from rural America to industrial cities of the North and West, permanently changing the nation’s social geography.
The war also gave the United States a new and lasting international role and reinforced the idea that America’s security required the global dominance of American values and power. Government military spending unleashed rapid economic development in the South and West, laying the basis for the modern Sunbelt. The war created a close alliance between big business and a militarized federal government—what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the “military-industrial complex.”
And the war reshaped the boundaries of American nationality. The government recognized the contributions of America’s ethnic groups as loyal Americans. Black Americans’ second-class status attracted national attention. But toleration went only so far. The United States, at war with Japan, forced more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans, including citizens, into internment camps.
The Four Freedoms thus produced a national unity that obscured divisions within America: divisions over whether free enterprise or the freedom of a global New Deal would dominate after the war, whether civil rights or white supremacy would define race relations, and whether women would return to traditional roles in the household or enter the labor market. The emphasis on freedom as an element of private life would become more and more prominent in postwar America.
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World War II Posters
Give Me Liberty!: An American H ...
The great depression and world war ii
The document discusses several topics related to the Great Depression, World War II, and racism during that era:
1) The Great Depression devastated the global economy in the 1930s, leading to high unemployment, bank failures, and reduced production. Governments increased social welfare programs to help citizens.
2) Both FDR and Hitler rose to power in response to the Depression, implementing new economic policies and work programs. However, FDR aimed to reform capitalism while Hitler pursued a more authoritarian system.
3) During WWII, the US initially remained neutral but provided aid to Britain. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor drew the US into the war, and war production helped end the Depression.
4) Racism on
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Austin j. app the 'holocaust' put in perspective - journal of historical re...
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Propaganda During World War Two Essay
World War 2 affected American couture in several ways. As people migrated due to the war, children had to change schools often, interrupting their education. Additionally, houses could end up in different countries by war's end. The war also drew the US into the conflict when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, leading America to declare war on Japan. Overall, WW2 was the largest armed conflict in history, drawing over 50 countries into the fighting and impacting the entire world.
Dennison Hist 390 things fall apart and then turn to mud
The document discusses the origins and outbreak of World War I through several key events in 1914. It begins with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 which increased tensions but did not necessarily mean war was inevitable. A series of political decisions and military mobilizations in July 1914 led countries to take sides along preexisting alliances, turning a regional conflict into a European war. By early August 1914, Germany had invaded Belgium and declared war on France and Russia, drawing the UK into the war as well. The initial battles in 1914 took place in Belgium and northern France as both sides attempted large scale maneuvers, but the fighting soon bogged down into trench warfare on the Western Front.
O'keefe, theodore j why holocaust revisionism - journal of historical revie...
- The document discusses Holocaust revisionism and questions the mainstream historical account of the Holocaust. It argues that revisionist historians challenge the claim that Nazi Germany pursued a systematic policy to exterminate Europe's Jews.
- Revisionists have faced suppression and legal sanctions for their research, but they aim to establish accurate historical facts rather than defend Nazism. They examine evidence like survivor testimony, population statistics, and German records.
- The author argues that the Holocaust narrative has been exploited by various political forces and now faces little critical examination. Revisionism seeks to bring history into line with facts and establish proper context for Jewish suffering during World War II.
World wars compared
This document provides an overview comparison of World War I and World War II. It discusses the causes, warfare, and results of each war. For causes, it describes the alliances, nationalism, militarism, and imperialism that led to WWI, as well as resentment over the Treaty of Versailles that contributed to WWII. The document outlines the major military powers and theaters of each war. It also summarizes the tactics, weapons, and global scale of the two conflicts as well as the political, social, and economic impacts including reshaped borders, governments, and emergence of new powers.
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Hiroshima0002
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Week nine, wwii
- 1. World War II Dr. John Holmes History 121, U.S After 1877 Diablo Valley College San Ramon, Summer 2013
- 2. “The Good War” WWII the key event of US history between Civil War and now “The Greatest Generation.” Oral history — Studs Terkel’s The Good War. Letters from soldiers, docs. 25-2, 4 Contrast of Vietnam, the “Bad War” Americans seen as liberators Contrast with Nazis and Japanese The Holocaust, doc. 25-3 Theme of discussion questions: Was it truly a “Good War”?
- 3. Fascism WebCT document on Communism and Russian Revolution Worldwide backlash to Communism in 1920s Movement founded by Benito Mussolini in Italy Nazism in Germany afterwards Spanish Civil War: dress rehearsal for WWII in Europe German and Italian aid to Franco, Russian aid to Republican side. Axis vs. Allies in WWII
- 4. From isolation to involvement Depression breaks down U.S. economic isolation WWII rise of US world power Isolationism of 1930s Nye Committee and Neutrality Acts US neutrality in Spanish Civil War “Lusitania clause” and FDR US becomes “arsenal of democracy” Latin American “Good Neighbor Policy” support to dictators as model for future. Somoza, “our bastard”
- 5. US entry into WWII Roosevelt wants US entry Most Americans want to stay out Opposition from Right, not Left Charles Lindbergh’s “America First Committee.” Hitler-Stalin Pact discredits communism among intellectuals Pearl Harbor, doc. 25-1 Oil, Vietnam and WWII Germany declares war on US as part of deal with Japan
- 6. The War Abroad The GI perspective. Docs. 25-4 and 25-2. The view “from below.” The Holocaust, doc. 25-3. View from above: two different wars War vs. Japan at least as important as war in Europe. Until January 1945, more US troops in Asia than Europe
- 7. The War in Europe European War essentially between Germany and Soviet Union 90% of Germany army vs. USSR Everything else, including D-Day, a sideshow Blitzkrieg halted at Moscow, before Pearl Harbor Moscow and Stalingrad the decisive battles of the war Foner overlooks siege of Moscow The soldiers’ viewpoint: letter p. 202 Main US impact in Europe: the air war
- 8. The Air War and Catch-22 Highest circulation WWII novel Joseph Heller himself a bomber pilot Similarities to account from pilot on p. 200 Accurate if exaggerated description of air war in Europe Great destruction of human life Dresden and Hamburg Was it effective militarily? German civilian backlash, as with 9/11? Gabriel Kolko, Politics of War: Dresden to impress the Russians?
- 9. Race War in the Pacific John Dower, War Without Mercy Letter from Allen Spach, p. 200: “crush Japan and the swines that are their sons, fighting to rule the white race.” Racial atrocities on both sides “Take no prisoners” Ears, skulls, gold teeth as souvenirs Japanese: Bataan death march (Foner 804, letter p. 197)) Gallup poll 1944: kill all Japanese? Precedent for Korea and Vietnam?
- 10. Economics of the Home Front War ends Great Depression Ultra-Keynesian war policy Government spends more money than in all previous US history! Huge increase in debt and taxes End of liberal New Deal programs 75% of all capital investment by government Transformation to military economy Rationing and pent-up consumer demand
- 11. WWII: the happy war? Extreme suffering abroad In US, WWII breaks psychological depression Increase in US (and German) standard of living Increase in birthrate Poor farmers become rich Government-labor collaboration No strike pledge Coal strike: John L. Lewis jailed No unemployment, higher wages Communist Party respectable then
- 12. Women and WWII Great increase in working women In unions: 4X. In Detroit: 5X! (note womens’ role in Flint movie clip) “Rosie the Riveter” Only 1 in 4 in military production Those who were, mostly unionized Equal pay for equal work? Most white-collar Increase mainly among wives Black women particularly benefit The Backlash: document 23-5 Basis for women’s movement later
- 13. WWII and Black People Segregated in army, but allowed to work in war industry Result of March on Washington Movement Model for Civil Rights Movement A. Philip Randolph Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Oakland and the Dellums family Entry, but not equality. CIO fights for equality. The “Great Migration” Similar developments for Chicanos
- 14. Racial Liberalism White racism legitimate until WWII War needs lead to shift in ideology Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma Nazis give racism a bad name and even more so anti-Semiitsm Race war in Pacific contradicts anti-fascism in Europe Chinese good, Japanese bad? Reversal after WWII Hypocrisy discredits anti-Asian racism
- 15. Rest of the Week Tuesday: Hiroshima Debate Discussion exercise and materials posted Wednesday: Review for Midterm next Monday, and Harry Truman, the Cold War, the Korean War and McCarthyism Readings: Foner Chapter 23, Reader Chapter 26 Thursday: Fourth of July, no class.