While some of us know what a journalist does, it is fair to say that we have a role to play in the society we live in. There are nine principles that govern our job. Once we are aware of these principles, how do we get to writing a news story?
1. Yellow journalism refers to sensationalized and unethical practices in newspaper reporting from the late 19th century, particularly by Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
2. These newspapers used tactics like exaggerated headlines, scandalous stories, and fabricated reports to increase sales, in a competition that defined the era of "yellow journalism."
3. Notable stories included Nellie Bly's undercover exposés, coverage of the Spanish-American War that helped propel the U.S. into conflict with Spain, and the World's campaign to raise money to build the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
Media plays an important role in democracy by serving as the "fourth pillar" and acting as a watchdog over the government. It informs citizens about political decisions and events, helps generate public opinion, and reminds politicians of their promises by providing extensive election coverage. A free and unbiased media is essential for a healthy democracy, as it allows for open discussion and accountability. It educates people, especially illiterates, and exposes issues in the democratic system to help make governments more responsive. Overall, the document argues that democracy cannot function properly without an active media to facilitate information sharing between governments and their citizens.
PRINT JOURNALISM II- OBJECTIVES & PRINCIPLES OF EDITINGTrinity Dwarka
PRINT JOURNALISM II- OBJECTIVES & PRINCIPLES OF EDITING
OBJECTIVES OF EDITING
PRINCIPLES OF EDITING
BALANCE AND FAIRNESS:
READABILITY:
HUMAN INTEREST:
BREVITY
The document discusses the concept of public interest in media and journalism. It provides definitions of public interest, explaining that it refers to issues that affect everyone in society and matters of common good, rather than just entertainment. The document also discusses theories around social responsibility of media and the need for ethics, accountability, and balanced coverage of both soft and hard news. It analyzes how business and political pressures can undermine public interests and the importance of regulation and watchdog role of media. The document concludes with an overview of key media laws enacted in Pakistan over history and their impact on balancing public interests and censorship.
The document describes different types of journalism, including yellow journalism, interpretative journalism, investigative journalism, developmental journalism, advocacy journalism, community journalism, new journalism, film journalism, sports journalism, photo/pictorial journalism, and citizen journalism. It provides details on each type such as their definitions, examples, origins, and prominent figures. Key aspects of yellow journalism mentioned are its sensationalized news used to increase circulation, while interpretative journalism requires analyzing news beyond basic facts.
The multi-step flow theory proposes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders and are then distributed more widely to the population, rather than the mass media directly influencing the public. It suggests communication flows through multiple "channels" with opinion leaders influencing others by interpreting information for them before it reaches the target audience. The theory depicts the flow of information as multi-step, with opinion leaders able to influence and be influenced by receivers in a two-way process, and notes the limitations of assuming direct influence from mass media.
This document discusses different types of journalism. It defines advocacy journalism as writing to advocate viewpoints or influence opinions. Broadcast journalism is described as news published through electronic methods like radio and television. Investigative journalism aims to discover hidden public information about serious crimes, corruption, or wrongdoing. Tabloid journalism focuses on condensed, sensational stories about crime, celebrity gossip, and sports. Yellow journalism emphasizes exaggerated claims and rumors over legitimate news to sell more papers.
1. Yellow journalism refers to sensationalized and unethical practices in newspaper reporting from the late 19th century, particularly by Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
2. These newspapers used tactics like exaggerated headlines, scandalous stories, and fabricated reports to increase sales, in a competition that defined the era of "yellow journalism."
3. Notable stories included Nellie Bly's undercover exposés, coverage of the Spanish-American War that helped propel the U.S. into conflict with Spain, and the World's campaign to raise money to build the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
Media plays an important role in democracy by serving as the "fourth pillar" and acting as a watchdog over the government. It informs citizens about political decisions and events, helps generate public opinion, and reminds politicians of their promises by providing extensive election coverage. A free and unbiased media is essential for a healthy democracy, as it allows for open discussion and accountability. It educates people, especially illiterates, and exposes issues in the democratic system to help make governments more responsive. Overall, the document argues that democracy cannot function properly without an active media to facilitate information sharing between governments and their citizens.
PRINT JOURNALISM II- OBJECTIVES & PRINCIPLES OF EDITINGTrinity Dwarka
PRINT JOURNALISM II- OBJECTIVES & PRINCIPLES OF EDITING
OBJECTIVES OF EDITING
PRINCIPLES OF EDITING
BALANCE AND FAIRNESS:
READABILITY:
HUMAN INTEREST:
BREVITY
The document discusses the concept of public interest in media and journalism. It provides definitions of public interest, explaining that it refers to issues that affect everyone in society and matters of common good, rather than just entertainment. The document also discusses theories around social responsibility of media and the need for ethics, accountability, and balanced coverage of both soft and hard news. It analyzes how business and political pressures can undermine public interests and the importance of regulation and watchdog role of media. The document concludes with an overview of key media laws enacted in Pakistan over history and their impact on balancing public interests and censorship.
The document describes different types of journalism, including yellow journalism, interpretative journalism, investigative journalism, developmental journalism, advocacy journalism, community journalism, new journalism, film journalism, sports journalism, photo/pictorial journalism, and citizen journalism. It provides details on each type such as their definitions, examples, origins, and prominent figures. Key aspects of yellow journalism mentioned are its sensationalized news used to increase circulation, while interpretative journalism requires analyzing news beyond basic facts.
The multi-step flow theory proposes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders and are then distributed more widely to the population, rather than the mass media directly influencing the public. It suggests communication flows through multiple "channels" with opinion leaders influencing others by interpreting information for them before it reaches the target audience. The theory depicts the flow of information as multi-step, with opinion leaders able to influence and be influenced by receivers in a two-way process, and notes the limitations of assuming direct influence from mass media.
This document discusses different types of journalism. It defines advocacy journalism as writing to advocate viewpoints or influence opinions. Broadcast journalism is described as news published through electronic methods like radio and television. Investigative journalism aims to discover hidden public information about serious crimes, corruption, or wrongdoing. Tabloid journalism focuses on condensed, sensational stories about crime, celebrity gossip, and sports. Yellow journalism emphasizes exaggerated claims and rumors over legitimate news to sell more papers.
The document outlines six key roles that modern journalists should serve: the ethical role by raising standards of ethics and guidance; the guide/filter role by helping audiences navigate important news; the understanding and context role by providing context and explanation of news; the conversation leader role by starting and guiding discussions; the aggregator role by gathering and making community data accessible; and the straight news role by still uncovering and reporting important news.
Journalism serves several important roles and functions in a democratic society. It acts as a mediator between the public and policymakers, informing citizens about what elites are doing and acting as a watchdog over them. Its primary obligations are to truth and citizens. Journalists maintain independence while providing a forum for public debate and serving as monitors of power. Journalism informs the public, interprets issues, enables decision making, and can help drive social change through entertainment and molding opinion.
The presentation explains about the Mass Media scenario, its Social responsibility and the phenomena of commercialization in Mass Media.theory, Change, Entertainment
Authoritarian theory proposes that all forms of communication should be under the control of governing elites or authorities. It originated from Plato's philosophy and was used by English monarchs who censored, licensed, and taxed media. Under this theory, authorities have the right to control media by providing licenses and censorship. It developed in 16th-17th century England and is exemplified by regimes like Nazi Germany and fascist Italy that controlled media ownership. Censorship, a key aspect, suppresses information deemed harmful to rulers and helps protect them from sensitive issues through various forms like political, moral, religious, military, and corporate censorship.
Development journalism originated in the 1960s as a response to Western ideals dominating news in developing countries. It aims to function within local cultures and politics. Development journalism is derived from development communication and was originally used by agricultural workers disseminating new farming methods. Today, it covers a wider range of topics. Development journalists relate news to a population's primary, secondary and tertiary needs. Their role is to give voice to communities and uncover overlooked issues, acting as watchdogs while contributing to solutions. Journalists must understand complex development processes and translate technical information for lay audiences. Their focus is on constructive reporting that drives social change. Challenges include defining professional roles, commercialization influencing coverage, and lack of resources.
The document discusses the history and role of the press in post-independence India. It summarizes the key recommendations and findings of the First and Second Press Commissions established to examine the state of the press. The First Press Commission in 1952 recommended establishing a Press Council and Newspaper Development Corporation to promote high standards of journalism and development of Indian language newspapers. The Second Press Commission in 1978 examined the responsibilities of press in a democracy and recommended the Press Council be given powers to deny press accreditation.
The Soviet Communist Theory of Press holds that the state owns and controls all mass media directly. The small group of party leaders has authority over the media. The role of the media is to bring the concerns of the working class to light and downplay negatives about communism while emphasizing negatives about democratic societies. Although related to authoritarian theory, Soviet Communist theory believes the media should maintain a positive outlook. The theory developed through Lenin and Stalin to view the media as instruments of the state and party to propagate their interpretation and policies through newspapers, broadcasting, and film.
The document discusses the history and goals of development journalism. It began in the 1960s with a focus on critically analyzing government development projects and their impact. Today, development journalism aims to improve conditions in developing countries by investigating and reporting on issues like poverty, healthcare, education, and sustainability. Journalists uncover overlooked stories and empower citizens by bringing attention to important issues and proposing solutions. The document also discusses different eras in development communication theory, from modernization to participatory models emphasizing local voices.
This document discusses media ethics and privacy. It defines privacy as the right to be left alone and have control over personal information. Privacy is needed both personally and socially to protect against government overreach. Journalists are caught between legal and ethical standards when it comes to privacy. As technology advances, privacy issues become more complex with more data collection. There is a distinction between secrecy which is deliberately hidden and privacy which is withholding information from public view. When private information is revealed, journalists must use discretion to balance interests and focus on what the public needs rather than wants to know.
The document discusses the key elements and principles of journalism according to Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel. It states that the primary purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with reliable information to be self-governing. Additionally, it asserts that journalism's main obligations are to the truth, independence from powerful entities, and serving as a monitor of those in power. The document also emphasizes that journalism should maintain verification, make stories relevant and interesting, and allow for public criticism and comment.
The PPT consist topics relating the role of media in development communication in India Context.It consist of media like newspaper,radio experiments, television experiments like SITE and KHEDA and other e-programmes for development.
The document discusses the role of media in a democracy. It argues that an informed populace is important for a democracy so that citizens can hold their government accountable. While media should aim to inform the public objectively, this can be challenging in less educated societies where media may need to help generate public opinion to strengthen democracy. However, there are also concerns about money and power corrupting media and influencing what news is reported. The document raises questions about how to check media power and ensure reporting the truth.
The document presents an overview of the Authoritarian Media Theory, which holds that governments have a monopoly on truth and information. It was developed in the 16th-17th centuries in Europe and justifies censorship and punishment of media that do not obey government rules. The theory promotes top-down control of media to protect government interests. It is still practiced in countries like China, North Korea, and to some extent in Nigeria through government control of media organizations.
Despite emergence of several new forms of media and increasing dominance of national and global media platforms, regional media bears enormous importance in facilitating and establishing participatory democracy, spreading scientific temper in the communities it serves, and raising local issues that are often ignored by national and global media. This presentation was made for educational purpose and presented in a seminar at Institute of Media Studies, Bhubaneswar, India.
Print journalism involves investigating and reporting current events in newspapers and magazines to inform broad audiences. It has a long history dating back to the first regularly published newspaper in England in 1702. There are two main types - newspaper journalism which collects news for a wide readership, and magazine journalism which produces articles through interviews and research. Print journalism plays an important role in societies by informing, educating, and entertaining the public, and providing a balance to government power. Good journalists exhibit qualities like objectivity, accuracy, and integrity.
The document discusses the career of journalism. It describes journalism as investigating and reporting news and current events to inform the masses. A journalist's main responsibility is to comprehensively summarize situations by answering who, what, where, when and why. The document outlines the qualifications, skills and personal attributes needed for the career, including education requirements, inquisitiveness, communication skills and interest in current affairs. It also provides examples of career options in print, electronic and new media and the salary ranges for different journalism roles in India.
The document discusses the social responsibility theory of the press. It argues that while the press is free from government interference, it can still be controlled by corporate interests if it is not vigilant. The press has a duty to provide information needed for political systems and self-governance, act as a government watchdog, bring together buyers and sellers, provide entertainment, and be profitable enough to avoid outside pressures. The theory essentially advocates for non-authoritarian media controls, as seen in some form in France, Israel, and Sweden.
The document discusses the history and purpose of news agencies. It notes that news agencies were originally created to provide newspapers with a variety of news from around the world. Over time, other modern media like radio, television, and the internet also began using news agencies. Some of the earliest news agencies mentioned include the Associated Press, founded in 1846 in New York, Reuters founded in 1851 in England, and Wolff founded in 1849 in Germany. The document provides the founding dates of several other major news agencies from the United States, Russia, France, and India.
The Press Council of India is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act of 1965 to preserve the freedom of the press and maintain high standards of journalism. It has 28 members including journalists, editors, media owners, and nominees from education, law, and culture. The Council formulates guidelines for newspapers and journalists, handles complaints against the press, and works to uphold press freedom and ethics in India through moral authority rather than legal penalties.
The Soviet media theory originated after the 1917 Russian Revolution as a way to structure the media based on Marxist-Leninist principles. It held that the state should control all media and communication to serve the interests of the working classes. The government ended private media ownership and used media as a way to educate the masses and promote a strong socialist society. While similar to authoritarian theory in centralizing media control, Soviet media theory still allowed for some public feedback and was intended to benefit the people under the leadership of the nation.
The document outlines 9 core principles of journalism:
1. Journalism's primary obligation is to seek and report the truth in a factual and unbiased manner so that citizens have reliable information.
2. Journalism's primary loyalty is to citizens rather than advertisers or shareholders. It aims to present a representative picture of all groups in society.
3. Journalism relies on verification techniques to test information and maintain accuracy free from personal biases. This separates journalism from propaganda or entertainment.
This document outlines 9 principles of journalism according to Ani Asatiani's public relations course. The principles are: 1) Journalism's first obligation is to truth 2) Its first loyalty is to citizens 3) Its essence is discipline of verification 4) It must maintain independence 5) It serves as an independent monitor of power 6) It provides a forum for public criticism 7) It makes the significant interesting 8) It keeps news comprehensive and proportional 9) Its practitioners exercise personal conscience. The document then provides further explanation and context for each principle.
The document outlines six key roles that modern journalists should serve: the ethical role by raising standards of ethics and guidance; the guide/filter role by helping audiences navigate important news; the understanding and context role by providing context and explanation of news; the conversation leader role by starting and guiding discussions; the aggregator role by gathering and making community data accessible; and the straight news role by still uncovering and reporting important news.
Journalism serves several important roles and functions in a democratic society. It acts as a mediator between the public and policymakers, informing citizens about what elites are doing and acting as a watchdog over them. Its primary obligations are to truth and citizens. Journalists maintain independence while providing a forum for public debate and serving as monitors of power. Journalism informs the public, interprets issues, enables decision making, and can help drive social change through entertainment and molding opinion.
The presentation explains about the Mass Media scenario, its Social responsibility and the phenomena of commercialization in Mass Media.theory, Change, Entertainment
Authoritarian theory proposes that all forms of communication should be under the control of governing elites or authorities. It originated from Plato's philosophy and was used by English monarchs who censored, licensed, and taxed media. Under this theory, authorities have the right to control media by providing licenses and censorship. It developed in 16th-17th century England and is exemplified by regimes like Nazi Germany and fascist Italy that controlled media ownership. Censorship, a key aspect, suppresses information deemed harmful to rulers and helps protect them from sensitive issues through various forms like political, moral, religious, military, and corporate censorship.
Development journalism originated in the 1960s as a response to Western ideals dominating news in developing countries. It aims to function within local cultures and politics. Development journalism is derived from development communication and was originally used by agricultural workers disseminating new farming methods. Today, it covers a wider range of topics. Development journalists relate news to a population's primary, secondary and tertiary needs. Their role is to give voice to communities and uncover overlooked issues, acting as watchdogs while contributing to solutions. Journalists must understand complex development processes and translate technical information for lay audiences. Their focus is on constructive reporting that drives social change. Challenges include defining professional roles, commercialization influencing coverage, and lack of resources.
The document discusses the history and role of the press in post-independence India. It summarizes the key recommendations and findings of the First and Second Press Commissions established to examine the state of the press. The First Press Commission in 1952 recommended establishing a Press Council and Newspaper Development Corporation to promote high standards of journalism and development of Indian language newspapers. The Second Press Commission in 1978 examined the responsibilities of press in a democracy and recommended the Press Council be given powers to deny press accreditation.
The Soviet Communist Theory of Press holds that the state owns and controls all mass media directly. The small group of party leaders has authority over the media. The role of the media is to bring the concerns of the working class to light and downplay negatives about communism while emphasizing negatives about democratic societies. Although related to authoritarian theory, Soviet Communist theory believes the media should maintain a positive outlook. The theory developed through Lenin and Stalin to view the media as instruments of the state and party to propagate their interpretation and policies through newspapers, broadcasting, and film.
The document discusses the history and goals of development journalism. It began in the 1960s with a focus on critically analyzing government development projects and their impact. Today, development journalism aims to improve conditions in developing countries by investigating and reporting on issues like poverty, healthcare, education, and sustainability. Journalists uncover overlooked stories and empower citizens by bringing attention to important issues and proposing solutions. The document also discusses different eras in development communication theory, from modernization to participatory models emphasizing local voices.
This document discusses media ethics and privacy. It defines privacy as the right to be left alone and have control over personal information. Privacy is needed both personally and socially to protect against government overreach. Journalists are caught between legal and ethical standards when it comes to privacy. As technology advances, privacy issues become more complex with more data collection. There is a distinction between secrecy which is deliberately hidden and privacy which is withholding information from public view. When private information is revealed, journalists must use discretion to balance interests and focus on what the public needs rather than wants to know.
The document discusses the key elements and principles of journalism according to Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel. It states that the primary purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with reliable information to be self-governing. Additionally, it asserts that journalism's main obligations are to the truth, independence from powerful entities, and serving as a monitor of those in power. The document also emphasizes that journalism should maintain verification, make stories relevant and interesting, and allow for public criticism and comment.
The PPT consist topics relating the role of media in development communication in India Context.It consist of media like newspaper,radio experiments, television experiments like SITE and KHEDA and other e-programmes for development.
The document discusses the role of media in a democracy. It argues that an informed populace is important for a democracy so that citizens can hold their government accountable. While media should aim to inform the public objectively, this can be challenging in less educated societies where media may need to help generate public opinion to strengthen democracy. However, there are also concerns about money and power corrupting media and influencing what news is reported. The document raises questions about how to check media power and ensure reporting the truth.
The document presents an overview of the Authoritarian Media Theory, which holds that governments have a monopoly on truth and information. It was developed in the 16th-17th centuries in Europe and justifies censorship and punishment of media that do not obey government rules. The theory promotes top-down control of media to protect government interests. It is still practiced in countries like China, North Korea, and to some extent in Nigeria through government control of media organizations.
Despite emergence of several new forms of media and increasing dominance of national and global media platforms, regional media bears enormous importance in facilitating and establishing participatory democracy, spreading scientific temper in the communities it serves, and raising local issues that are often ignored by national and global media. This presentation was made for educational purpose and presented in a seminar at Institute of Media Studies, Bhubaneswar, India.
Print journalism involves investigating and reporting current events in newspapers and magazines to inform broad audiences. It has a long history dating back to the first regularly published newspaper in England in 1702. There are two main types - newspaper journalism which collects news for a wide readership, and magazine journalism which produces articles through interviews and research. Print journalism plays an important role in societies by informing, educating, and entertaining the public, and providing a balance to government power. Good journalists exhibit qualities like objectivity, accuracy, and integrity.
The document discusses the career of journalism. It describes journalism as investigating and reporting news and current events to inform the masses. A journalist's main responsibility is to comprehensively summarize situations by answering who, what, where, when and why. The document outlines the qualifications, skills and personal attributes needed for the career, including education requirements, inquisitiveness, communication skills and interest in current affairs. It also provides examples of career options in print, electronic and new media and the salary ranges for different journalism roles in India.
The document discusses the social responsibility theory of the press. It argues that while the press is free from government interference, it can still be controlled by corporate interests if it is not vigilant. The press has a duty to provide information needed for political systems and self-governance, act as a government watchdog, bring together buyers and sellers, provide entertainment, and be profitable enough to avoid outside pressures. The theory essentially advocates for non-authoritarian media controls, as seen in some form in France, Israel, and Sweden.
The document discusses the history and purpose of news agencies. It notes that news agencies were originally created to provide newspapers with a variety of news from around the world. Over time, other modern media like radio, television, and the internet also began using news agencies. Some of the earliest news agencies mentioned include the Associated Press, founded in 1846 in New York, Reuters founded in 1851 in England, and Wolff founded in 1849 in Germany. The document provides the founding dates of several other major news agencies from the United States, Russia, France, and India.
The Press Council of India is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act of 1965 to preserve the freedom of the press and maintain high standards of journalism. It has 28 members including journalists, editors, media owners, and nominees from education, law, and culture. The Council formulates guidelines for newspapers and journalists, handles complaints against the press, and works to uphold press freedom and ethics in India through moral authority rather than legal penalties.
The Soviet media theory originated after the 1917 Russian Revolution as a way to structure the media based on Marxist-Leninist principles. It held that the state should control all media and communication to serve the interests of the working classes. The government ended private media ownership and used media as a way to educate the masses and promote a strong socialist society. While similar to authoritarian theory in centralizing media control, Soviet media theory still allowed for some public feedback and was intended to benefit the people under the leadership of the nation.
The document outlines 9 core principles of journalism:
1. Journalism's primary obligation is to seek and report the truth in a factual and unbiased manner so that citizens have reliable information.
2. Journalism's primary loyalty is to citizens rather than advertisers or shareholders. It aims to present a representative picture of all groups in society.
3. Journalism relies on verification techniques to test information and maintain accuracy free from personal biases. This separates journalism from propaganda or entertainment.
This document outlines 9 principles of journalism according to Ani Asatiani's public relations course. The principles are: 1) Journalism's first obligation is to truth 2) Its first loyalty is to citizens 3) Its essence is discipline of verification 4) It must maintain independence 5) It serves as an independent monitor of power 6) It provides a forum for public criticism 7) It makes the significant interesting 8) It keeps news comprehensive and proportional 9) Its practitioners exercise personal conscience. The document then provides further explanation and context for each principle.
Journalism has evolved over centuries from handwritten bulletins in ancient Rome to the modern practices of verifying and reporting news. The development of printing, railroads, and technologies like computers have enabled the spread of information. While most online communication is not journalism, journalism provides a valuable service by verifying facts and providing context through disciplined reporting. The elements of journalism include pursuing truth, prioritizing citizens, verifying information, maintaining independence, serving as a watchdog, and allowing debate. New technologies have increased the speed of reporting while also lowering barriers to publishing and giving more voices a platform.
Journalism involves gathering, assessing, and presenting verified information to citizens in order to help them make better decisions. It is distinguished from other communications by practices like systematic fact-checking and transparency about sources and methods. The primary goals of journalism are to seek truth, serve the public, and act as a watchdog on those in power. Journalists maintain independence and represent all groups in society to provide a forum for open discussion and informed decision-making.
Journalism involves gathering, assessing, and presenting news and information to the public. Key characteristics include verifying facts, maintaining independence, and serving the public interest above all else. The purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with reliable information needed to make decisions. It acts as a watchdog over powerful groups and provides a forum for public debate, striving to keep discussions relevant and interesting to citizens.
The document outlines 9 core principles of journalism:
1. Truth - Journalism's first obligation is to the truth by pursuing practical journalistic truth through verifying facts and providing transparency.
2. Loyalty to citizens - Journalism's first loyalty is to citizens over other interests by providing a representative picture of society.
3. Discipline of verification - Journalism relies on verifying information through transparent methods to avoid biases undermining accuracy.
4. Independence - Journalists must maintain independence from those they cover to ensure reliability and avoid favoritism.
Journalistic ethics provide guidance for reporters and involve principles like seeking truth, acting in the public interest, and minimizing harm. Some key ethical standards for journalists are honesty, proper attribution of sources, credibility, independence and objectivity, fairness, public accountability, harm minimization, and avoiding libel. Upholding these principles helps journalists maintain credibility and trust with their audiences.
This document provides an overview of journalism, including:
1. It defines journalism as the process of gathering, verifying, editing, and presenting news and information to society. Journalism is both an art and a science that aims to inform readers about current events.
2. It discusses different types of journalism categorized by medium (print, broadcast, online) and subject matter (investigative, photo, sports, etc.).
3. It outlines qualities of good journalists like communication skills, persistence, observation skills, and creativity. Journalists have a responsibility to pursue truth, serve citizens, maintain independence, and act as monitors of power.
This document provides an overview of journalism, including its definition, history, types, purposes, and key principles. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Journalism is defined as the process of gathering, verifying, editing, and presenting news and information to the public across various media platforms, with the goal of informing citizens about current events.
2) There are various types of journalism categorized by media (print, broadcast, online) and subject matter (investigative, sports, medical, etc.).
3) Key principles of journalism include a commitment to truth and citizens, maintaining independence, acting as a watchdog of power, and providing a forum for public discussion while keeping news comprehensive and proportional.
This document provides an overview of journalism, including its definition, history, types, purposes, and key principles. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Journalism is defined as the process of gathering, verifying, editing, and presenting news and information to the public across various media platforms, with the goal of informing citizens.
2) There are various types of journalism categorized by media (print, broadcast, online) and subject matter (investigative, sports, medical, etc.).
3) Key principles of journalism include truth, loyalty to citizens, verification of facts, independence from sources, monitoring power, providing a public forum, and keeping information relevant and comprehensive.
Week 1 Definition and Forms of JournalismHillary Okech
This lecture was designed to inform students about the core element of journalism. Focus was given to the fact that different parts of the world have a different understanding of what journalism is. A key element introduced was the impact of the internet to journalism.
Sofia Mehta student of
BVJMM 2nd Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about the Theories of Ethics and Morals in Media.
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Theories of Ethics and Morals in media.pptxJIMSVKII
This document provides an overview of ethics and morals, theories of ethics including utilitarianism, deontological ethics, and virtue ethics, and principles of ethical journalism. It discusses the difference between ethics, which are external rules or codes, and morals, which are personal principles. Theories of ethics are explained with their pros and cons. Principles of journalism are outlined, including seeking truth, minimizing harm, acting independently, and being accountable. Golden rules of ethical journalism are presented. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of ethical journalism given media's influence on the public.
From Good to Epic: The Principles of Journalism Applied To Content Marketing Uberflip
Plenty of so-called journalistic tasks and methods have already infiltrated marketing departments and agencies in recent years. The majority of content marketers are maintaining editorial calendars, adhering to style guides and turning their teams into newsrooms for their brands.
Yes, this has enabled marketers to pump out content more efficiently. But hasn’t necessarily helped them do it effectively. Uberflip's latest visual examines the essential principles that drive journalists to produce amazing content and what marketers should learn from them.
http://www.uberflip.com
Sources:
1) http://www.journalism.org/resources/principles-of-journalism/
2) http://moz.com/blog/content-marketers-and-journalists
A Watchdog S Guide To Investigative Reporting A Simple Introduction To Princi...Allison Thompson
This document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives on investigative journalism. It discusses investigative journalism as going beyond routine reporting to uncover covert or non-public activities that are against the public good through in-depth fact finding. Key aspects of investigative journalism highlighted include obtaining evidence to substantiate hidden claims, intensive long-term investigation by journalists, and stories resulting from a reporter's own enterprise rather than being handed information. The document also provides examples of prominent investigative reporting cases in South Africa to illustrate these definitions.
The document discusses different perspectives on the concept of news. It describes how news has changed over time from mostly local interpersonal communication to the rise of newspapers in the 16th century. There are various perspectives on what news should be, including the political philosophy perspective which says news should focus on important events to educate the public, and the traditional journalistic perspective which focuses on seven criteria of newsworthiness. The news-working perspective describes actual constraints journalists face and story formulas they use. An economic perspective views news as a commercial product designed to attract large audiences for advertisers. People now take a personal perspective in selectively exposing themselves to information that conforms to their existing beliefs.
The document discusses the culture of journalism and how it has changed with new technologies. It covers several topics:
1. Journalism has cut back on investigative reporting due to budget cuts. Neutrality used to be valued but partisanship is rising, especially online and on cable news.
2. News media face ethical dilemmas around deception, privacy invasions, and conflicts of interest. Journalists also struggle with balancing objectivity with advocacy.
3. New technologies like television and the internet have disrupted traditional print journalism and blurred lines between mediums. Visuals now play a larger role. Alternative models like public journalism aim to better serve democracy.
The Responsibility of Independent Journalists in Covering Sensitive and Contr...EvanGilbertkatz
Independent journalists have a great responsibility for covering sensitive and controversial issues. From navigating controversial topics while maintaining objectivity to raising awareness and educating the public through investigative reporting,
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This presentation introduces students to the world of Public Relations (PR) and the role 'marketing' plays in an organization. The idea is to highlight and organizations PR & Marketing departments should work closely.
The 'journalism club' is one that everyone think they can get in to. From bloggers, to anyone else with an opinion, everyone thinks they are a journalist. This presentation lets you know the difference between the professional and the amateur.
Its not easy being a journalist. Especially in my home country, Kenya. There are constant challenges around the profession, which highlights the effects of press freedom around the world.
This presentation expresses my belief of newspapers being the heart of journalism. Focusing on trends and growth, the presentation shows us how newspapers developed the art of being a journalist
Mass media in Africa has undergone significant changes over the last decade as government monopolies have been broken. Radio and television are improving and becoming more influential, but mass media on the continent still faces challenges like lack of financial and human resources. The document discusses the state of newspapers, radio, television and news agencies in Africa. It emphasizes that while media outlets have increased, quality has not necessarily improved and many struggle with issues like underfunding and over-commercialization. The role of new technologies like the internet is also examined.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
3. INTRODUCTION
In 1997, an organization then administered
by Project For Excellence in Journalism (PEJ),
the Committee of Concerned Journalists
(CCJ), began a national conversation among
citizens and news people to identify and
clarify the principles that underlie journalism.
4. After four years of research, including 20
public forums around USA, a reading of
journalism history, a national survey of
journalists, and more, the group released a
Statement of Shared Purpose that identified
nine principles.
These became the basis for ‘The Elements of
Journalism,’ the book by PEJ Director Tom
Rosenstiel and CCJ Chairman and PEJ Senior
Counselor Bill Kovach.
5.
6. WERE THE PRINCIPLES NEEDED?
After extended examination by journalists
themselves of the character of journalism at
the end of the 20th century, they offer a
common understanding of what defines their
work.
The central purpose of journalism is to
provide citizens with accurate and reliable
information they need to function in a free
society.
7. This encompasses myriad roles--helping
define community, creating common
language and common knowledge,
identifying a community's goals, heroes and
villains, and pushing people beyond
complacency.
8. 1. JOURNALISM'S FIRST OBLIGATION IS TO THE
TRUTH
Democracy depends on citizens having
reliable, accurate facts put in a meaningful
context.
Journalism does not pursue truth in an
absolute or philosophical sense, but it can--
and must--pursue it in a practical sense.
This "journalistic truth" is a process that
begins with the professional discipline of
assembling and verifying facts.
9. Then journalists try to convey a fair and
reliable account of their meaning, valid for
now, subject to further investigation.
Journalists should be as transparent as
possible about sources and methods so
audiences can make their own assessment of
the information.
Even in a world of expanding voices, accuracy
is the foundation upon which everything else
is built--context, interpretation, comment,
criticism, analysis and debate.
10. The truth, over time, emerges from this
forum.
As citizens encounter an ever greater flow of
data, they have more need--not less--for
identifiable sources dedicated to verifying
that information and putting it in context.
11. 2. ITS FIRST LOYALTY IS TO CITIZENS
News organizations answer to many
constituencies, including advertisers and
shareholders.
The journalists in those organizations must
maintain allegiance to citizens and the larger
public interest above any other if they are to
provide the news without fear or favour.
This commitment to citizens first is the basis
of a news organization's credibility.
12. The implied covenant tells the audience the
coverage is not slanted for friends or
advertisers.
Commitment to citizens also means
journalism should present a representative
picture of all constituent groups in society.
Ignoring certain citizens has the effect of
disenfranchising them.
The theory underlying the modern news
industry has been the belief that credibility
builds a broad and loyal audience, and that
economic success follows in turn.
13. In that regard, the business people in a news
organization also must nurture--not exploit--
their allegiance to the audience ahead of
other considerations.
14. 3. ITS ESSENCE IS A DISCIPLINE OF VERIFICATION
Journalists rely on a professional discipline
for verifying information.
When the concept of objectivity originally
evolved, it did not imply that journalists are
free of bias.
It called, rather, for a consistent method of
testing information--a transparent approach
to evidence--precisely so that personal and
cultural biases would not undermine the
accuracy of their work.
15. The method is objective, not the journalist.
Seeking out multiple witnesses, disclosing as
much as possible about sources, or asking
various sides for comment, all signal such
standards.
This discipline of verification is what
separates journalism from other modes of
communication, such as propaganda,
fiction or entertainment.
But the need for professional method is
not always fully recognized or refined.
16. While journalism has developed various
techniques for determining facts, for instance,
it has done less to develop a system for
testing the reliability of journalistic
interpretation.
17. 4. ITS PRACTITIONERS MUST MAINTAIN AN
INDEPENDENCE FROM THOSE THEY COVER
Independence is an underlying requirement
of journalism, a cornerstone of its reliability.
Independence of spirit and mind, rather than
neutrality, is the principle journalists must
keep in focus.
While editorialists and commentators are not
neutral, the source of their credibility is still
their accuracy, intellectual fairness and ability
to inform
18. Its is not about their devotion to a certain
group or outcome.
In Journalistic independence, however, we
must avoid any tendency to stray into
arrogance, elitism, isolation or nihilism.
19. 5. IT MUST SERVE AS AN INDEPENDENT
MONITOR OF POWER
Journalism has an unusual capacity to serve
as a watchdog over those whose power and
position most affect citizens.
The Founders recognized this to be a rampart
against despotism when they ensured an
independent press; courts have affirmed it;
citizens rely on it.
Journalist have an obligation to protect this
watchdog freedom by not demeaning it in
frivolous use or exploiting it for commercial
gain.
20. 6. IT MUST PROVIDE A FORUM FOR PUBLIC
CRITICISM AND COMPROMISE
The news media are the common carriers of
public discussion, and this responsibility
forms a basis for journalists’ special privileges.
This discussion serves society best when it is
informed by facts rather than prejudice and
supposition.
It also should strive to fairly represent the
varied viewpoints and interests in society, and
to place them in context rather than highlight
only the conflicting fringes of debate.
21. Accuracy and truthfulness require that as
framers of the public discussion we not
neglect the points of common ground where
problem solving occurs.
22. 7. IT MUST STRIVE TO MAKE THE SIGNIFICANT
INTERESTING AND RELEVANT
Journalism is storytelling with a purpose.
It should do more than gather an audience or
catalogue the important.
For its own survival, it must balance what
readers know they want with what they
cannot anticipate but need.
In short, journalism must strive to make the
significant interesting and relevant.
23. The effectiveness of a piece of journalism is
measured both by how much a work engages
its audience and enlightens it.
This means journalists must continually ask
what information has most value to citizens
and in what form.
24. 8. IT MUST KEEP THE NEWS COMPREHENSIVE
AND PROPORTIONAL
Keeping news in proportion and not leaving
important things out are also cornerstones of
truthfulness.
Journalism is a form of cartography: it creates
a map for citizens to navigate society.
Inflating events for sensation, neglecting
others, stereotyping or being
disproportionately negative all make a less
reliable map.
25. The map also should include news of all our
communities, not just those with attractive
demographics.
This is best achieved by newsrooms with a
diversity of backgrounds and perspectives.
26. 9. ITS PRACTITIONERS MUST BE ALLOWED TO
EXERCISE THEIR PERSONAL CONSCIENCE
Every journalist must have a personal sense
of ethics and responsibility--a moral compass.
Each of us must be willing, if fairness and
accuracy require, to voice differences with our
colleagues, whether in the newsroom or the
executive suite.
News organizations do well to nurture this
independence by encouraging individuals to
speak their minds.
27. This stimulates the intellectual diversity
necessary to understand and accurately cover
an increasingly diverse society.
It is this diversity of minds and voices, not
just numbers, that matters.
28. THE INVERTED PYRAMID
The inverted pyramid is a metaphor used by
journalists and other writers to illustrate how
information should be prioritized and
structured in a news report.
It is a common method for writing news
stories.
A typical front page report in the daily
newspapers would adhere to this model.
29. The "inverted" or upside-down "pyramid" can
be thought of as a simple triangle with one
side drawn horizontally at the top and the
body pointing down.
The widest part at the top represents the
most substantial, interesting, and important
information the writer means to convey.
This means that this kind of material
should head the article.
The tapering lower portion illustrates that
other material should follow in order of
diminishing importance.
30.
31.
32. REFLECTION PAPER
Using the concept of the ‘inverted pyramid’,
for writing a story, document the story of
your life so far. (Minimum 250 words)