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Couple Relationships:
Emotionally-Focused Therapy
(EFCT)
Week 10 March 9, 2021
A Model of Holistic Competence in Social Work
Skills Self-regulation
Emotions, reflection,
self-awareness
Knowledge
Generic and specialist
Theoretical and empirical
Judgment
Assumptions, critical thinking,
decision making
Complex Practice Behavior
PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT – VALUES (Bogo, Rawlings, Katz, & Logie, 2014)
ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT
Professional Practice Model Conceptual Map/Framework
Psychodynamic/
Attachment
Systems
Social
Constructivism
Cognitive
Overarching Explanatory Theories
Practice Models
AFFT, EFT
CBT
Structural
Family
Narrative
Skills/techniques
 Evocative
questions
 Heightening
 Softening, etc.
 Cognitive re-
structuring
 Thought records, etc.
 Joining
 Unbalancing
 Enactments
 Sparkling moments
 Externalizing
 Thickening
description
Common Factors: Social network, social worker/helping,
client, relationship, strategies
Social Work Principles: client-centered, dignity, person-in-
environment, social justice, diversity, equity, inclusion
Emotion Regulation
Neuroscience
Therapeutic Alliance
Positivity - Negativity
Turning Towards…
Common Factors
Gottman: Relationship Patterns
Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships
• More negativity than positivity
• Harsh start-up that results in demand-withdraw or
pursue-distance pattern.
• “Check in” to negative affect easily – but don’t check
out.
• Importance of repairs – gentle beginning to the
conversation, taking responsibility for part of the
problem.
• Turning towards – acknowledging bids.
(Gottman: https://www.gottman.com/
Common Factors
“Four Horseman”
Corrosive negative behaviors and the antidote
• criticism-complaint
• contempt-pride and appreciation
• defensiveness-responsibility
• stonewalling-self-soothe, track
Common Factors
The Magic Trio
Calm
Soothing
of self and
other
Commitment
Turning
towards
Emotional
connection
Trust built
on
Attunement
On your own: Useful Videos
• The Science of Love. Ted Talk. 25 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
uazFBCDvVw
• Making Relationships Work | 4 Parts | Dr. John
Gottman
• Each part about 10 mins, total = 40 mins.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLXX8wzvT7
c&index=1&list=PLZFyvqrY0RjklYs_w_7FtK_GGC7
xJ3UZZ
Common Factors
Emotionally focused therapy
“New cycles of bonding interactions occur and
replace negative cycles such as pursue-
withdraw or criticize-defend.” -
Sue Johnson
• Watch the video in which Sue Johnson explains
EFT.
• You will go into break groups to answer the
following:
– How do the tenets/goals of EFT fit with what we have
learned about the therapeutic alliance, emotional
regulation, and neuroscience?
Common Factors
• “EFT is like a conversation between Carl Rogers, the
founder of humanistic-experiential therapies, Salvador
Minuchin, father of systemic therapies, and including
John Bowlby, who really founded the whole science of
attachment and bonding.”
- Sue Johnson
Theoretical base
Common Factors
Tenets of attachment theory
1. Attachment is an innate motivating force (wired to
connect).
2. Effective dependence (not independence or
overdependance).
3. Attachment offers a safe haven (buffer against
adversity).
4. Attachment offers a secure base (allows exploration,
openness).
5. Emotional accessibility and responsiveness builds
bonds.
Common Factors
6. Fear and uncertainty activate attachment needs
7. The process of separation distress is predictable.
8. There are a finite number of insecure attachment styles.
9. Attachment involves working models of self and others.
10. Isolation and loss are traumatizing.
(Johnson, 2015)
Tenets of attachment theory
Common Factors
Primary and secondary emotions
Primary emotions:
Stem from attachment fear and needs, softer/more
vulnerable
Secondary emotions:
Surface emotions which are part of the cycle of distress
Core Emotions
Six core emotions (facial expressions) & actions
(Sue thinks there are 6 even though other
literature says 8)
Anger - - - - - - - - - - - assert, defend self
Sadness - - - - - -seek support, withdraw
Surprise / Excitement - -attend, explore
Disgust / Shame - - - - hide, expel, avoid
Fear - - - - - - - - - - - - freeze, give up
Joy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -contact, engage
Common Factors
Experiential influences
• Therapeutic alliance is collaborative and egalitarian
• Validation, empathy, authenticity and transparency are
key elements in therapist
• People have capacity to grow (make changes)
• Inner and outer experiences interact and define each
other
(Johnson, 2015)
Common Factors
Systemic influences
• Consider behaviour in context
• Repeating cycles of interaction – e.g. closeness &
distance
• Rigid negative interactional cycles
• Focus on circular, rather than linear causality
• All behaviour communicates something
(Johnson, 2015)
Common Factors
Principles of EFT
• Collaborative relationship offers a secure base
• Emotion organises attachment behaviours
• Attachment needs of partner are healthy – the way they
are enacted is the problem.
• Problems are maintained through interactional cycles
(see vulnerability cycle)
• Change occurs through new emotional experiences
• Client is relationship
(Johnson, 2015)
Common Factors
Goals in EFT
1. Create a safe, collaborative alliance
2. Facilitate expression and restructuring of emotions
3. Restructure interaction patterns so partners are more
responsive
(Johnson, 2015)
Common Factors
Process of change in EFT
1. Cycle de-escalation
2. Changing interactional patterns
3. Consolidation and integration
Common Factors
Process of change in EFT
Three major shifts are usually seen in the process of
change.
• Negative cycle de-escalation
• Withdrawer engagement
• Blamer softening
Common Factors
Techniques in EFT
• Reflections
• Evocative reflections and questions
• Validation
• Heightening
• Empathic conjectures
• Softening
• Enactment
• Reframing
RISSSC
Repeat
Image
Simple
Slow
Soft
Client’s words
Common Factors
EFT
Watch the EFT session with Sue Johnson and the couple. With a partner answer the
following questions :
1. What was the couple’s interactional pattern/cycle?
2. What are the vulnerabilities for each partner? What are the protective strategies
for each partner?
3. Which techniques is Sue using in this session?
4. How do the partners/couple respond to the interventions?
5. What are some signs of alliance building between Sue and the couple?
6. Describe contextual factors that may be contributing to each partner’s affect,
attachment style and relationship.
7. Describe whether Sue Johnson uses any form of “broaching.”
8. What are some of the strengths and limitations of EFT?
Common Factors
EFT
Identify/hypothesize about:
• The emotional presentation of each person in the
couple
– Surface
– Vulnerable/attachment-oriented
• The attachment need of each person in the couple
• Nature of the negative, repetitive pattern or cycle

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Week 10 efct 2021 quercus

  • 2. A Model of Holistic Competence in Social Work Skills Self-regulation Emotions, reflection, self-awareness Knowledge Generic and specialist Theoretical and empirical Judgment Assumptions, critical thinking, decision making Complex Practice Behavior PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT – VALUES (Bogo, Rawlings, Katz, & Logie, 2014) ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT
  • 3. Professional Practice Model Conceptual Map/Framework Psychodynamic/ Attachment Systems Social Constructivism Cognitive Overarching Explanatory Theories Practice Models AFFT, EFT CBT Structural Family Narrative Skills/techniques  Evocative questions  Heightening  Softening, etc.  Cognitive re- structuring  Thought records, etc.  Joining  Unbalancing  Enactments  Sparkling moments  Externalizing  Thickening description Common Factors: Social network, social worker/helping, client, relationship, strategies Social Work Principles: client-centered, dignity, person-in- environment, social justice, diversity, equity, inclusion Emotion Regulation Neuroscience Therapeutic Alliance
  • 6. Common Factors Gottman: Relationship Patterns Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships • More negativity than positivity • Harsh start-up that results in demand-withdraw or pursue-distance pattern. • “Check in” to negative affect easily – but don’t check out. • Importance of repairs – gentle beginning to the conversation, taking responsibility for part of the problem. • Turning towards – acknowledging bids. (Gottman: https://www.gottman.com/
  • 7. Common Factors “Four Horseman” Corrosive negative behaviors and the antidote • criticism-complaint • contempt-pride and appreciation • defensiveness-responsibility • stonewalling-self-soothe, track
  • 8. Common Factors The Magic Trio Calm Soothing of self and other Commitment Turning towards Emotional connection Trust built on Attunement
  • 9. On your own: Useful Videos • The Science of Love. Ted Talk. 25 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- uazFBCDvVw • Making Relationships Work | 4 Parts | Dr. John Gottman • Each part about 10 mins, total = 40 mins. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLXX8wzvT7 c&index=1&list=PLZFyvqrY0RjklYs_w_7FtK_GGC7 xJ3UZZ
  • 10. Common Factors Emotionally focused therapy “New cycles of bonding interactions occur and replace negative cycles such as pursue- withdraw or criticize-defend.” - Sue Johnson • Watch the video in which Sue Johnson explains EFT. • You will go into break groups to answer the following: – How do the tenets/goals of EFT fit with what we have learned about the therapeutic alliance, emotional regulation, and neuroscience?
  • 11. Common Factors • “EFT is like a conversation between Carl Rogers, the founder of humanistic-experiential therapies, Salvador Minuchin, father of systemic therapies, and including John Bowlby, who really founded the whole science of attachment and bonding.” - Sue Johnson Theoretical base
  • 12. Common Factors Tenets of attachment theory 1. Attachment is an innate motivating force (wired to connect). 2. Effective dependence (not independence or overdependance). 3. Attachment offers a safe haven (buffer against adversity). 4. Attachment offers a secure base (allows exploration, openness). 5. Emotional accessibility and responsiveness builds bonds.
  • 13. Common Factors 6. Fear and uncertainty activate attachment needs 7. The process of separation distress is predictable. 8. There are a finite number of insecure attachment styles. 9. Attachment involves working models of self and others. 10. Isolation and loss are traumatizing. (Johnson, 2015) Tenets of attachment theory
  • 14. Common Factors Primary and secondary emotions Primary emotions: Stem from attachment fear and needs, softer/more vulnerable Secondary emotions: Surface emotions which are part of the cycle of distress
  • 15. Core Emotions Six core emotions (facial expressions) & actions (Sue thinks there are 6 even though other literature says 8) Anger - - - - - - - - - - - assert, defend self Sadness - - - - - -seek support, withdraw Surprise / Excitement - -attend, explore Disgust / Shame - - - - hide, expel, avoid Fear - - - - - - - - - - - - freeze, give up Joy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -contact, engage
  • 16. Common Factors Experiential influences • Therapeutic alliance is collaborative and egalitarian • Validation, empathy, authenticity and transparency are key elements in therapist • People have capacity to grow (make changes) • Inner and outer experiences interact and define each other (Johnson, 2015)
  • 17. Common Factors Systemic influences • Consider behaviour in context • Repeating cycles of interaction – e.g. closeness & distance • Rigid negative interactional cycles • Focus on circular, rather than linear causality • All behaviour communicates something (Johnson, 2015)
  • 18. Common Factors Principles of EFT • Collaborative relationship offers a secure base • Emotion organises attachment behaviours • Attachment needs of partner are healthy – the way they are enacted is the problem. • Problems are maintained through interactional cycles (see vulnerability cycle) • Change occurs through new emotional experiences • Client is relationship (Johnson, 2015)
  • 19. Common Factors Goals in EFT 1. Create a safe, collaborative alliance 2. Facilitate expression and restructuring of emotions 3. Restructure interaction patterns so partners are more responsive (Johnson, 2015)
  • 20. Common Factors Process of change in EFT 1. Cycle de-escalation 2. Changing interactional patterns 3. Consolidation and integration
  • 21. Common Factors Process of change in EFT Three major shifts are usually seen in the process of change. • Negative cycle de-escalation • Withdrawer engagement • Blamer softening
  • 22. Common Factors Techniques in EFT • Reflections • Evocative reflections and questions • Validation • Heightening • Empathic conjectures • Softening • Enactment • Reframing RISSSC Repeat Image Simple Slow Soft Client’s words
  • 23. Common Factors EFT Watch the EFT session with Sue Johnson and the couple. With a partner answer the following questions : 1. What was the couple’s interactional pattern/cycle? 2. What are the vulnerabilities for each partner? What are the protective strategies for each partner? 3. Which techniques is Sue using in this session? 4. How do the partners/couple respond to the interventions? 5. What are some signs of alliance building between Sue and the couple? 6. Describe contextual factors that may be contributing to each partner’s affect, attachment style and relationship. 7. Describe whether Sue Johnson uses any form of “broaching.” 8. What are some of the strengths and limitations of EFT?
  • 24. Common Factors EFT Identify/hypothesize about: • The emotional presentation of each person in the couple – Surface – Vulnerable/attachment-oriented • The attachment need of each person in the couple • Nature of the negative, repetitive pattern or cycle