The document describes the WECC Linear State Estimator Project. It discusses enhancing an existing linear state estimator (LSE) code to address issues with modeling complex power systems like WECC/BPA. The enhancements included supporting series capacitors, split buses, flexible naming conventions, and automated model building. Testing showed the enhanced LSE (eLSE) could run in real-time on the BPA system with minor offsets resolved by removing questionable model lines.
The document discusses the development and testing of a synchrophasor data validation and conditioning application using linear state estimation (LSE) for utilities in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) region. It describes the modeless and LSE-based approaches used by the application to validate and condition synchrophasor measurements. Testing of the application was conducted using historical and live synchrophasor data from Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) system. The results demonstrated the application's ability to detect and replace bad data in real-time. Lessons learned and future work areas are also outlined.
This document provides an update on the WECC Linear State Estimator project. It discusses the development of a synchrophasor data validation and conditioning application using both modeless algorithms and a model-based linear state estimator. The application was tested using historical and live synchrophasor data from the Bonneville Power Administration system to validate measurements and replace bad data with estimated state estimator values. Several enhancements were made to the linear state estimator code and lessons were learned regarding the need for accurate network models and PMU measurement redundancy. Future work may include additional testing, automated data comparison, and potential operational use of the conditioned synchrophasor data.
This document discusses PG&E's efforts to integrate distributed energy resources like solar PV through advanced distribution planning. It notes that PG&E serves a large, diverse service area with over 2,500 MW of distributed generation already interconnected. PG&E is investing in enhanced planning tools like automated DG screening, online maps, and power flow modeling to help forecast DER growth and evaluate locational benefits. Granular modeling of distribution circuits and hourly load profiles are seen as critical to understanding impacts of two-way power flows and facilitating increased DER integration. Data sharing is also highlighted as important for integrated planning efforts going forward.
PG&E's Distribution Resources Plan (DRP) evaluates the locational benefits and costs of distributed energy resources (DERs) on PG&E's distribution system. The plan analyzes over 102,000 distribution line sections across PG&E's service territory to determine each section's integration capacity for 10 different DER types. The analysis considers various power system criteria like thermal limits, voltage regulation, protection, and reliability. The DRP aims to identify optimal locations for DER deployment based on reductions in local grid upgrades and investments.
This document summarizes a study conducted by Black & Veatch for SMUD to assess the impacts of distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar PV, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, and demand response on SMUD's distribution system. The study used several modeling techniques including dispersion analysis, power flow modeling, and regression analysis. Key findings included that over 12,000 transformers may need to be upgraded due to electric vehicles, and 26% of substations showed voltage violations from solar PV. The study recommends establishing consistent DER adoption and transformer upgrade thresholds, extending the analysis to the full transmission and distribution system, and incorporating results into SMUD's grid modernization plan.
PG&E conducted a smart grid pilot project to test volt VAR optimization (VVO) technology on distribution circuits. The objectives were to enhance grid monitoring and control, achieve grid efficiencies from conservation voltage reduction, and accommodate growing distributed generation. Two VVO vendors were tested both in a lab and in field trials on 14 feeders. Preliminary results found energy savings of 0.1-2.2% depending on the season. Lessons learned included the need to address reverse power flows from high distributed generation and properly screen feeders for existing voltage issues. Future work involves exploring the value of controlling smart inverters through VVO and conducting additional field trials.
RT15 Berkeley | Real-Time Simulation of A Modular Multilevel Converter Based ...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document presents a real-time simulation of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a battery and ultracapacitor (UC). The proposed MMC HESS offers advantages over traditional HESS topologies like higher efficiency, reliability, and comparable cost. It allows independent control of power from the battery and UC. Real-time simulation results validate the control framework and show the MMC output voltage and HESS smoothing of PV power fluctuations.
This document discusses end-to-end simulation solutions for smart grid applications from ETAP and Opal-RT. It provides an overview of ETAP software products including ETAP, ETAP Real-Time, and ETAP Grid which enable design, simulation, analysis, optimization and operation of power systems. It also describes how the companies can provide a complete solution by integrating ETAP software with Opal-RT's hardware-in-the-loop simulation to reduce risk and cost for grid automation projects. Examples of joint projects with clients are summarized.
The document discusses the development and testing of a synchrophasor data validation and conditioning application using linear state estimation (LSE) for utilities in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) region. It describes the modeless and LSE-based approaches used by the application to validate and condition synchrophasor measurements. Testing of the application was conducted using historical and live synchrophasor data from Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) system. The results demonstrated the application's ability to detect and replace bad data in real-time. Lessons learned and future work areas are also outlined.
This document provides an update on the WECC Linear State Estimator project. It discusses the development of a synchrophasor data validation and conditioning application using both modeless algorithms and a model-based linear state estimator. The application was tested using historical and live synchrophasor data from the Bonneville Power Administration system to validate measurements and replace bad data with estimated state estimator values. Several enhancements were made to the linear state estimator code and lessons were learned regarding the need for accurate network models and PMU measurement redundancy. Future work may include additional testing, automated data comparison, and potential operational use of the conditioned synchrophasor data.
This document discusses PG&E's efforts to integrate distributed energy resources like solar PV through advanced distribution planning. It notes that PG&E serves a large, diverse service area with over 2,500 MW of distributed generation already interconnected. PG&E is investing in enhanced planning tools like automated DG screening, online maps, and power flow modeling to help forecast DER growth and evaluate locational benefits. Granular modeling of distribution circuits and hourly load profiles are seen as critical to understanding impacts of two-way power flows and facilitating increased DER integration. Data sharing is also highlighted as important for integrated planning efforts going forward.
PG&E's Distribution Resources Plan (DRP) evaluates the locational benefits and costs of distributed energy resources (DERs) on PG&E's distribution system. The plan analyzes over 102,000 distribution line sections across PG&E's service territory to determine each section's integration capacity for 10 different DER types. The analysis considers various power system criteria like thermal limits, voltage regulation, protection, and reliability. The DRP aims to identify optimal locations for DER deployment based on reductions in local grid upgrades and investments.
This document summarizes a study conducted by Black & Veatch for SMUD to assess the impacts of distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar PV, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, and demand response on SMUD's distribution system. The study used several modeling techniques including dispersion analysis, power flow modeling, and regression analysis. Key findings included that over 12,000 transformers may need to be upgraded due to electric vehicles, and 26% of substations showed voltage violations from solar PV. The study recommends establishing consistent DER adoption and transformer upgrade thresholds, extending the analysis to the full transmission and distribution system, and incorporating results into SMUD's grid modernization plan.
PG&E conducted a smart grid pilot project to test volt VAR optimization (VVO) technology on distribution circuits. The objectives were to enhance grid monitoring and control, achieve grid efficiencies from conservation voltage reduction, and accommodate growing distributed generation. Two VVO vendors were tested both in a lab and in field trials on 14 feeders. Preliminary results found energy savings of 0.1-2.2% depending on the season. Lessons learned included the need to address reverse power flows from high distributed generation and properly screen feeders for existing voltage issues. Future work involves exploring the value of controlling smart inverters through VVO and conducting additional field trials.
RT15 Berkeley | Real-Time Simulation of A Modular Multilevel Converter Based ...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document presents a real-time simulation of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a battery and ultracapacitor (UC). The proposed MMC HESS offers advantages over traditional HESS topologies like higher efficiency, reliability, and comparable cost. It allows independent control of power from the battery and UC. Real-time simulation results validate the control framework and show the MMC output voltage and HESS smoothing of PV power fluctuations.
This document discusses end-to-end simulation solutions for smart grid applications from ETAP and Opal-RT. It provides an overview of ETAP software products including ETAP, ETAP Real-Time, and ETAP Grid which enable design, simulation, analysis, optimization and operation of power systems. It also describes how the companies can provide a complete solution by integrating ETAP software with Opal-RT's hardware-in-the-loop simulation to reduce risk and cost for grid automation projects. Examples of joint projects with clients are summarized.
This document summarizes a study that performed power flow analysis on Nigeria's 330kV integrated power system using Newton-Raphson load flow analysis in ETAP 4.0 software. The analysis modeled 52 buses, 17 generating stations, 64 transmission lines, and found that some bus voltages were outside acceptable limits. Total losses from generators and transmission lines were calculated. Recommendations included reactive compensation of generators and transmission lines using FACTS devices.
RT15 Berkeley | OPAL-RT Solutions for Microgrid ApplicationsOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses OPAL-RT's solution for microgrid applications real-time simulation. It addresses challenges in simulating large power systems and ensuring accuracy of power electronics circuits. OPAL-RT's State Space Nodal method allows simulation of large power distribution systems across multiple processors without affecting system behavior. It also supports accurate power electronics simulation from medium-speed to high-speed controllers using various OPAL-RT tools. The document demonstrates these capabilities through a live demo of a microgrid system.
The document discusses Hawaii's mandate for advanced inverters on distributed energy resources (DER). Hawaii has the highest DER penetration in the US, straining its low-inertia grids. Modeling showed system stability was at risk. A multi-step approach was taken with the inverter industry to implement ride-through capabilities, reactive power support, and remote firmware updates. Current activities include testing advanced inverter functions, defining additional functions, and developing requirements for energy storage. Enphase envisions providing network insight through data collection and facilitating distributed control of DER.
Advanced inverter requirements are spreading across the US and globally due to technology drivers and grid support needs. Standards and communication protocols have evolved to enable advanced inverter functions that provide grid services through volt-watt, volt-var, and other controls. Testing of these functions is helping to accelerate markets as requirements spread to more states and countries.
Atoll is a 64-bit wireless network design and optimization platform that supports all stages of the network lifecycle from initial design to optimization. It provides capabilities for multi-RAT modeling, integration of live network data for planning and optimization, high performance GIS, and automation/customization. Atoll has over 6500 licenses with 450+ customers in 115 countries.
Wind Prospect Poster 023 - Optimising Facility Power Curve Calculations in So...Matthew Behrens
This document proposes a new methodology for calculating Facility Power Curves (FPC) for wind farms in South Africa. The current PPA requirements can lead to unrepresentative FPCs due to variations in turbine availability. The new method addresses this by creating 5 partial FPCs based on data availability, then applying rules to combine them into a final FPC. This aims to accurately capture the wind farm's performance without biases from availability issues.
1. HYPERSIM is a real-time power system simulator developed through a collaboration between IREQ, RTE, China State Grid, and OPAL-RT to model power systems and power electronics from nanoseconds to milliseconds.
2. It is designed for power system engineers to simulate large EMT models in parallel on supercomputers, and integrate with other simulators like ePHASORsim and eMEGAsim.
3. HYPERSIM includes modeling, visualization, automation, and reporting tools and can interface with hardware in the loop controllers for applications like large scale wind power integration studies.
Modeling, Control, and Performance Evaluation of Grid-Tied Hybrid PV/Wind Pow...Asoka Technologies
The potential for utilizing clean energy technologies in Egypt is excellent given the abundant solar irradiation and wind resources. This paper provides detailed design, control strategy, and performance evaluation of a grid-connected large-scale PV/wind hybrid power system in Gabel El-Zeit region located along the coast of the Red Sea, Egypt. The proposed hybrid power system consists of 50 MW PV station and 200 MW wind farm and interconnected with the electrical grid through the main Point of Common Coupling (PCC) busbar to enhance the system performance. The hybrid power system is controlled to operate at the unity power factor and also the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is applied to extract the maximum power during the climatic conditions changes. Modeling and simulation of the hybrid power system have been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Moreover, the paper presented a comprehensive case study about the realistic monthly variations of solar irradiance and wind speed in the study region to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT techniques and the used control strategy. The simulation results illustrate that the total annual electricity generation from the hybrid power system is 1509.85 GWh/year, where 118.15 GWh/year (7.83 %) generates from the PV station and 1391.7 GWh/year (92.17%) comes from the wind farm. Furthermore, the hybrid power system successfully operates at the unity power factor since the injected reactive power is kept at zero.
David Chase, Reducing Energy ConsumptionDavid Chase
1) The document discusses reducing energy consumption at Medtronic's Tempe campus facilities by analyzing the electricity usage of recirculation fans in Building 4.
2) Data was collected on the fans' energy use at different speeds and it was found that the fans could operate at 15Hz without impacting air quality standards, saving an estimated $23,000 per year.
3) A plan is proposed to lower the fans to 15Hz continuously, which would pay for itself within 12 weeks and could be expanded to other buildings.
Connecting to the Power Transmission Grid, Petri Parviainen, Vaasa Wind 2015Fingrid Oyj
Fingrid is Finland's transmission system operator and is responsible for connecting new power generation and consumption to the transmission grid. The document outlines the process and requirements for connecting to the grid, including:
1) Connections can be either to a substation or along a transmission line, with different size limits and requirements.
2) Power plants over 0.5MW must meet technical specifications and provide real-time data to Fingrid.
3) The connection process involves planning, construction, testing, and commissioning over several stages before the plant can feed power to the grid.
4) Connection fees cover grid upgrades and range from €0.5-2 million depending on the voltage level and complexity of
Abt meter, Availability Tariff Availability Tariff, particularly in the Indian context, stands for a rational tariff structure for power supply from generating stations, on a contracted basis.
The load dispatch center monitors and controls the power system to ensure reliable power supply. It collects data using a SCADA system and oversees elements like generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The load dispatch center performs economic and secure operation of the power system, and works to restore power lines after faults. It is responsible for functions like load forecasting, outage monitoring, voltage regulation, load scheduling, and coordination between grids.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the 7th International Conference on Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Montreal from June 9-12, 2014. The presentation was given by Frank Kling and Vahid Jalili-Marandi from ETAP and OPAL-RT and discussed power system generation management using ePHASORsim real-time simulation software and ETAP's automatic generation control toolbox. The presentation included an introduction, information about ETAP and OPAL-RT, a demonstration of an end-to-end real-time simulation using the two softwares, and a question/answer session.
The document discusses several power plant projects around the world where ABB has provided electrical equipment and control systems:
1) In Kuwait, ABB helped complete an 800 MW gas turbine power plant in just 10.5 months, setting a record for fast completion.
2) ABB will provide turbine control systems for power stations under construction in Algeria, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands.
3) ABB received an award for developing advanced control methods and received an order to provide electrical and control equipment for a new 790 MW coal-fired power station in Germany.
The document provides an overview of the Indian power sector, including its structure, operations, and transactions. It discusses how the Indian power system is divided into five regional grids and the interconnections between them. It also summarizes the installed generation capacity by source and region as of 2007. Finally, it introduces availability-based tariff (ABT), which was implemented in the Southern Region in 2003. ABT uses a three-part tariff structure including capacity charges, energy charges, and UI charges to incentivize grid discipline among generators, transmitters, and beneficiaries.
This document summarizes an approach to proactively analyze the impacts of high photovoltaic (PV) penetration on distribution systems. The analysis is conducted using the SynerGEE software to model different PV penetration scenarios on distribution feeders. Various technical criteria are evaluated, such as voltage levels, thermal loading, and impacts to voltage regulation devices. Potential mitigation measures for any issues identified are also modeled and compared, including energy storage, PV output curtailment, and advanced inverter functions. The goal of this proactive approach is to help streamline the PV interconnection process and distribution system planning for high levels of distributed energy resources.
ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulation tool that can simulate large power systems with thousands of nodes using a phasor domain solution with time-steps in the range of milliseconds. It can run simulations both offline and in real-time on RT-LAB enabled simulators. It has a variety of features including modeling of transmission and distribution systems, flexible data input formats, on-the-fly parameter changes, measurements and monitoring, parallel processing, and support for communication protocols and functional mock-up interface. It has been used for applications such as operator training, wide area monitoring, state estimation, and automatic control.
The document discusses regulations related to connectivity, open access, and long-term access in India's inter-state transmission system. It provides background on the relevant regulations and amendments. It describes the key aspects of connectivity, open access (short-term, medium-term, long-term), and long-term access applications and agreements. It also notes some concerns raised regarding generators over-relying on connectivity and short-term open access instead of long-term agreements.
This document summarizes a master's thesis presentation on developing a real-time voltage stability monitoring tool for power system transmission networks using synchrophasor data. The research objectives were to develop a real-time voltage stability analysis and visualization tool. Synchrophasor technology, optimal PMU placement algorithms, real-time dynamic state estimation, and voltage stability indices were utilized. A voltage stability monitoring tool was created that calculates voltage stability indices in real-time and provides intuitive visualization. The tool analyzes voltage stability for a 39 bus test system in real-time using PMU measurements from an RTDS simulation.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
This document summarizes a study that performed power flow analysis on Nigeria's 330kV integrated power system using Newton-Raphson load flow analysis in ETAP 4.0 software. The analysis modeled 52 buses, 17 generating stations, 64 transmission lines, and found that some bus voltages were outside acceptable limits. Total losses from generators and transmission lines were calculated. Recommendations included reactive compensation of generators and transmission lines using FACTS devices.
RT15 Berkeley | OPAL-RT Solutions for Microgrid ApplicationsOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses OPAL-RT's solution for microgrid applications real-time simulation. It addresses challenges in simulating large power systems and ensuring accuracy of power electronics circuits. OPAL-RT's State Space Nodal method allows simulation of large power distribution systems across multiple processors without affecting system behavior. It also supports accurate power electronics simulation from medium-speed to high-speed controllers using various OPAL-RT tools. The document demonstrates these capabilities through a live demo of a microgrid system.
The document discusses Hawaii's mandate for advanced inverters on distributed energy resources (DER). Hawaii has the highest DER penetration in the US, straining its low-inertia grids. Modeling showed system stability was at risk. A multi-step approach was taken with the inverter industry to implement ride-through capabilities, reactive power support, and remote firmware updates. Current activities include testing advanced inverter functions, defining additional functions, and developing requirements for energy storage. Enphase envisions providing network insight through data collection and facilitating distributed control of DER.
Advanced inverter requirements are spreading across the US and globally due to technology drivers and grid support needs. Standards and communication protocols have evolved to enable advanced inverter functions that provide grid services through volt-watt, volt-var, and other controls. Testing of these functions is helping to accelerate markets as requirements spread to more states and countries.
Atoll is a 64-bit wireless network design and optimization platform that supports all stages of the network lifecycle from initial design to optimization. It provides capabilities for multi-RAT modeling, integration of live network data for planning and optimization, high performance GIS, and automation/customization. Atoll has over 6500 licenses with 450+ customers in 115 countries.
Wind Prospect Poster 023 - Optimising Facility Power Curve Calculations in So...Matthew Behrens
This document proposes a new methodology for calculating Facility Power Curves (FPC) for wind farms in South Africa. The current PPA requirements can lead to unrepresentative FPCs due to variations in turbine availability. The new method addresses this by creating 5 partial FPCs based on data availability, then applying rules to combine them into a final FPC. This aims to accurately capture the wind farm's performance without biases from availability issues.
1. HYPERSIM is a real-time power system simulator developed through a collaboration between IREQ, RTE, China State Grid, and OPAL-RT to model power systems and power electronics from nanoseconds to milliseconds.
2. It is designed for power system engineers to simulate large EMT models in parallel on supercomputers, and integrate with other simulators like ePHASORsim and eMEGAsim.
3. HYPERSIM includes modeling, visualization, automation, and reporting tools and can interface with hardware in the loop controllers for applications like large scale wind power integration studies.
Modeling, Control, and Performance Evaluation of Grid-Tied Hybrid PV/Wind Pow...Asoka Technologies
The potential for utilizing clean energy technologies in Egypt is excellent given the abundant solar irradiation and wind resources. This paper provides detailed design, control strategy, and performance evaluation of a grid-connected large-scale PV/wind hybrid power system in Gabel El-Zeit region located along the coast of the Red Sea, Egypt. The proposed hybrid power system consists of 50 MW PV station and 200 MW wind farm and interconnected with the electrical grid through the main Point of Common Coupling (PCC) busbar to enhance the system performance. The hybrid power system is controlled to operate at the unity power factor and also the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is applied to extract the maximum power during the climatic conditions changes. Modeling and simulation of the hybrid power system have been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Moreover, the paper presented a comprehensive case study about the realistic monthly variations of solar irradiance and wind speed in the study region to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT techniques and the used control strategy. The simulation results illustrate that the total annual electricity generation from the hybrid power system is 1509.85 GWh/year, where 118.15 GWh/year (7.83 %) generates from the PV station and 1391.7 GWh/year (92.17%) comes from the wind farm. Furthermore, the hybrid power system successfully operates at the unity power factor since the injected reactive power is kept at zero.
David Chase, Reducing Energy ConsumptionDavid Chase
1) The document discusses reducing energy consumption at Medtronic's Tempe campus facilities by analyzing the electricity usage of recirculation fans in Building 4.
2) Data was collected on the fans' energy use at different speeds and it was found that the fans could operate at 15Hz without impacting air quality standards, saving an estimated $23,000 per year.
3) A plan is proposed to lower the fans to 15Hz continuously, which would pay for itself within 12 weeks and could be expanded to other buildings.
Connecting to the Power Transmission Grid, Petri Parviainen, Vaasa Wind 2015Fingrid Oyj
Fingrid is Finland's transmission system operator and is responsible for connecting new power generation and consumption to the transmission grid. The document outlines the process and requirements for connecting to the grid, including:
1) Connections can be either to a substation or along a transmission line, with different size limits and requirements.
2) Power plants over 0.5MW must meet technical specifications and provide real-time data to Fingrid.
3) The connection process involves planning, construction, testing, and commissioning over several stages before the plant can feed power to the grid.
4) Connection fees cover grid upgrades and range from €0.5-2 million depending on the voltage level and complexity of
Abt meter, Availability Tariff Availability Tariff, particularly in the Indian context, stands for a rational tariff structure for power supply from generating stations, on a contracted basis.
The load dispatch center monitors and controls the power system to ensure reliable power supply. It collects data using a SCADA system and oversees elements like generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The load dispatch center performs economic and secure operation of the power system, and works to restore power lines after faults. It is responsible for functions like load forecasting, outage monitoring, voltage regulation, load scheduling, and coordination between grids.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the 7th International Conference on Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Montreal from June 9-12, 2014. The presentation was given by Frank Kling and Vahid Jalili-Marandi from ETAP and OPAL-RT and discussed power system generation management using ePHASORsim real-time simulation software and ETAP's automatic generation control toolbox. The presentation included an introduction, information about ETAP and OPAL-RT, a demonstration of an end-to-end real-time simulation using the two softwares, and a question/answer session.
The document discusses several power plant projects around the world where ABB has provided electrical equipment and control systems:
1) In Kuwait, ABB helped complete an 800 MW gas turbine power plant in just 10.5 months, setting a record for fast completion.
2) ABB will provide turbine control systems for power stations under construction in Algeria, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands.
3) ABB received an award for developing advanced control methods and received an order to provide electrical and control equipment for a new 790 MW coal-fired power station in Germany.
The document provides an overview of the Indian power sector, including its structure, operations, and transactions. It discusses how the Indian power system is divided into five regional grids and the interconnections between them. It also summarizes the installed generation capacity by source and region as of 2007. Finally, it introduces availability-based tariff (ABT), which was implemented in the Southern Region in 2003. ABT uses a three-part tariff structure including capacity charges, energy charges, and UI charges to incentivize grid discipline among generators, transmitters, and beneficiaries.
This document summarizes an approach to proactively analyze the impacts of high photovoltaic (PV) penetration on distribution systems. The analysis is conducted using the SynerGEE software to model different PV penetration scenarios on distribution feeders. Various technical criteria are evaluated, such as voltage levels, thermal loading, and impacts to voltage regulation devices. Potential mitigation measures for any issues identified are also modeled and compared, including energy storage, PV output curtailment, and advanced inverter functions. The goal of this proactive approach is to help streamline the PV interconnection process and distribution system planning for high levels of distributed energy resources.
ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulation tool that can simulate large power systems with thousands of nodes using a phasor domain solution with time-steps in the range of milliseconds. It can run simulations both offline and in real-time on RT-LAB enabled simulators. It has a variety of features including modeling of transmission and distribution systems, flexible data input formats, on-the-fly parameter changes, measurements and monitoring, parallel processing, and support for communication protocols and functional mock-up interface. It has been used for applications such as operator training, wide area monitoring, state estimation, and automatic control.
The document discusses regulations related to connectivity, open access, and long-term access in India's inter-state transmission system. It provides background on the relevant regulations and amendments. It describes the key aspects of connectivity, open access (short-term, medium-term, long-term), and long-term access applications and agreements. It also notes some concerns raised regarding generators over-relying on connectivity and short-term open access instead of long-term agreements.
This document summarizes a master's thesis presentation on developing a real-time voltage stability monitoring tool for power system transmission networks using synchrophasor data. The research objectives were to develop a real-time voltage stability analysis and visualization tool. Synchrophasor technology, optimal PMU placement algorithms, real-time dynamic state estimation, and voltage stability indices were utilized. A voltage stability monitoring tool was created that calculates voltage stability indices in real-time and provides intuitive visualization. The tool analyzes voltage stability for a 39 bus test system in real-time using PMU measurements from an RTDS simulation.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
This document discusses wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) and their components. WAMS use phasor measurement units (PMU) synchronized by GPS to measure voltage and currents across large areas of the power grid. A phasor data concentrator (PDC) collects PMU data and performs monitoring, alarming, event triggering, and quality checks. WAMS allow real-time monitoring of grid dynamics to detect and prevent instability issues, providing benefits over traditional SCADA systems with slower sampling. The document reviews several WAMS implementations at utilities in countries like Finland, Switzerland, Croatia, Austria, and Thailand.
A key part of implementing Volt-VAR control and optimization is to identify the benefits that can be attributed to VVO. The major challenge is to separate the impacts of VVO (i.e. the VVO benefits) from the impacts of factors not related to VVO, such as changing weather conditions, random customer behavior and routine operational changes (planned switching). Utilities on the panel have performed VVO measurement and verification using different methods. Each presenter will describe how the method works, data requirements, strengths and weaknesses of the approach and results. The session also will summarize work by the IEEE Volt-VAR task force to develop IEEE Guideline P1885 M&V of VVO projects for electric distribution utilities.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: PAR 2030.7 Draft Standard for Specification of Microgrid Controllers, presented by Ward Bower, Ward Bower Innovations, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Peak’s Synchrophasor Technology Implementation Progress and Roadmap Rick Estrada
- Peak Reliability has implemented synchrophasor technology including installing 584 PMUs and 77 PDCs to enhance situational awareness.
- Applications include the V&R Peak ROSE tool for online monitoring of IROLs based on voltage stability analysis and the WSU oscillation monitoring system tools.
- Peak is implementing online transient stability analysis with PowerTech TSAT using the West-wide System Model to assess stability limits and monitor frequency deviations during contingencies.
RT15 Berkeley | Optimized Power Flow Control in Microgrids - Sandia LaboratoryOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document summarizes research on designing nonlinear controllers for microgrid systems with stochastic sources and loads. Key points include:
1) A secure scalable microgrid testbed was developed to experimentally test Hamiltonian surface shaping power flow controllers (HSSPFC).
2) Models of single and multiple DC microgrids were formulated to develop optimal operating points using a dynamic optimizer.
3) An HSSPFC nonlinear distributed controller was designed and experimentally validated on a single DC microgrid testbed with variable sources and loads, demonstrating stable voltage regulation.
IEC 61850-9-2 based module for state estimation in co-simulated power grids IJECEIAES
This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and real-time power grids simulation with state estimation. In this research, real-time simulation is introduced to use powerful features for validating state estimation solutions with PMUs. Virtual and online measurement equipment are reviewed in this manuscript to develop an innovative integration of the OpenPMU incorporated with a real-time simulation power grid and additional virtualized PMUs. The implementation of the platform has useful features within the infrastructure that allows the user to reproduce a detailed modeled power grid with simulation software. The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision in different applications. In this case, 2 tests power systems are evaluated by realistic integration of IEC61850-9-2 data utilization to observe the performance of a customized state estimation approach. The study implements a versatile methodology for commissioning OpenPMU devices, interacting simultaneously with additional virtual PMUs within the same simulation through sampled values (SV) to validate the measurement frames and assess the estimation with the generated data. Finally, the proposed work identifies the potential of virtualizing PMUs and the features of the OpenPMU applied to state estimation in conjunction with real-time simulation data
ROLE OF DIGITAL SIMULATION IN CONFIGURING NETWORK PARAMETERSDeepak Shankar
Selecting the right Ethernet standard and configuring all the network devices in the embedded systems accurately is an extremely hard and rigorous job. The configuration depends on the topology, workloads of the connected devices, processing overhead at the switches, and the external interfaces. Network calculus, mathematical models and analytical techniques provide worst case execution time (WCET), but their probability of activity is extremely wide. This leads to overdesign which leads to higher costs, power consumption, weight, and size. Simulating the network is the best way to measure the throughput of the entire system. Digital system simulation provides better latency and throughput accuracy, but the accuracy is still limited because it does not consider the latency associated with the network OS, cybersecurity processing and scheduling. In many cases, these factors can reduce the throughput by 20-40%.
In this paper, we will present our research on modeling the entire Ethernet network, including the workloads, network flow control, scheduling, switch hardware, and software. To substantially increase the coverage and compare topologies, we have developed a set of benchmarks that provides coverage for different combination of deterministic, rate-constrained, and best effort traffic. During the presentation, we will cover the benchmarks, the list of attributes required to accurately model the traffic, nodes, switches, and the scheduler settings. We will also look at the statistics and reports required to make the configuration decision. In addition, we will discuss how the model must be constructed to study the impact of future requirements, failures, network intrusions, and security detection schemes.
Key Takeaways:
1. Learn how to efficiently use network simulation to design Ethernet systems
2. Develop a reusable benchmark and associated statistics to test different configurations
3. The role and impact of the CDT slots, guard band, send slope, idle slope, shuffle scheduling, flow control and virtual channels
This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring base station subsystems in EGPRS networks. It introduces EGPRS technology and defines KPI groups for traffic, availability, accessibility, and quality. Laboratory measurements were conducted to examine which BSS KPIs best reflect network performance and end-user experience by comparing application throughput to KPI values. The results showed that RLC throughput accurately described FTP throughput under different radio conditions. Multiple KPIs should be used to analyze radio link quality as one KPI cannot fully capture end-user experience.
This document is a project report submitted by a group of students for their Design Engineering course. It details the development of an Automatic Railway Crossing System (ARC) over multiple semesters. In the 6th semester, the students developed a PLC circuit board and program to control the ARC. They tested the circuit and program on a DELTA DVP-14SS2 PLC. The report provides snapshots of the PLC program and discusses modeling software, engineering economics, prototyping, materials selection, and future improvements including using renewable energy sources.
B5 g2 enhanced+protection+functionality+with+iec+61850+and+gooseOmeal Ahmed
IEC 61850 is a global standard for communication in substations that defines an expandable data model and services to transfer data between devices to improve interoperability. It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication and defines Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) for high-speed peer-to-peer communication between intelligent electronic devices in the substation. GOOSE uses publisher-subscriber messaging to transmit any process data in real-time to enable fast protection schemes and reduce wiring. The standard also defines a configuration language to facilitate efficient engineering of interoperable systems.
This document outlines the Indian Electricity Grid Code which provides rules, guidelines, and standards for planning, developing, operating, and maintaining the National and Regional electricity grids in India. It defines the roles and responsibilities of various organizations involved such as NLDC, RLDC, RPC, CTU, CEA, SLDC, and STU. The document covers topics such as the planning code for inter-state transmission, the connection code for connecting to the grid, operating code, and scheduling and dispatch code. It aims to ensure optimal, coordinated, and economical operation of the power system while facilitating power markets and renewable energy sources.
Jawad Ali Khan is an electrical engineer with over 5 years of experience working for ZTE Corporation in Pakistan. He holds a BS in Electrical Engineering and has experience in roles such as Customer Support Technical Engineer, Core Transmission Engineer, and worked on projects restoring transmission systems and upgrading PTCL's DWDM network. He is proficient in software like CORBA, Netnumen U31, E300, and has completed projects on wireless power transfer and a wind speed data recording system.
AR.Mohamed Iqbal is an electrical engineer with over 10 years of experience in testing and commissioning electrical equipment from 415V to 400KV, including AIS and GIS substations. He has worked on numerous power plant and grid substation projects in countries like the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, and India. Currently, he works as a Senior Electrical Engineer for Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. at the BNPP nuclear power site in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Improved predictive current model control based on adaptive PR controller for...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates an improved current predictive model control (PCMC) strategy with a prediction horizon of one sampling time for voltage regulation in standalone system based on diesel engine driven fixed speed synchronous generator. An adaptive PR controller with anti-windup scheme is employed to achieve high performance regulation without saturation issues. In addition, new method to obtain the optimal parameters of the adaptive PR controller to achieve high performance during the transition and in steady state, is provided. Furthermore, to balance the power at the point of common coupling (PCC), as well as, to fulfilling a clean power to the connected loads, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with LRC filter is controlled using the developed improved PCMC strategy. The output filter current is controlled using the predicting of the system behaviour model in the future step, at each sampling prediction time. The performances of the developed control strategy are verified using Matlab/Simulink interface.
PSO Fractional-Order PID Controller Design for DC Component Suppression of Gr...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new control strategy to suppress DC current injection for three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverters. The strategy is based on accurately extracting the DC component from grid current output using a second-order generalized integrator. A fractional-order PID controller is then designed in the DC suppression loop, with its parameters adjusted using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation and experimental results, showing it can suppress DC components within 0.1% of rated current. The key contributions are developing a fractional-order PID controller for DC mitigation and using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the controller parameters.
Design and Implementation of High Resolution Data Acquisition Systemijsrd.com
Fuel cell stacks containing hundreds of individual cells are capable of generating high voltage and current values needed for transportation, commercial, residential, portable and industrial power applications. Although majority of hydrogen produced today comes from reformulated natural gas generated through a process that creates a significant amount of carbon dioxide, fuel cell is still a viable energy source for the future electrical power applications. One of the hard cases of the fuel-cell power systems is proper monitoring, instrumentation and data acquisition of system parameters such as fuel flow into the system, AC and DC voltage values, load current, humidity, power, pressure, temperature, fuel utilization, overall system efficiency, noise, etc. Fuel cell test systems must precisely monitor and control the aforementioned hundreds of measurements in real-time. It is necessary to have an instrumentation system which is able to monitor and control fuel cell operation under varying conditions and accurately get information relating to real-time performance and operational characteristics to calculate fuel cell efficiency correctly. Instrumentation and interface systems must also provide flexible data acquisition, monitoring, and control capability to precisely control fuel cell operation. Therefore, a typical fuel cell test system requires high-resolution, high-voltage input, isolation, and waveform acquisition capability. The objective of this applied research project is design and implementation of a high-resolution data acquisition and interface module for a 500 W Hydrogen fuel cell power station using LabVIEW ™ PDS v8.20 software and field point based data acquisition modules.
5. |
DataValidationUsingModelessApproach
Page 4
Module 1 & 2
Communication &
Message Format
Module 3
Time & Timing
Data
Stream
Comm error
Msg size
Chk word
PMU ID
Missing Samples
Msg order &
sequence
Time good
Latency ok
Stuttering
Module 4 & 5
PMU Status & Data
characteristics
PMU Status
H/L limits
Hi Noise
Stale data
Frequency
derivation
User defined
calculations &
logics for
topology-based
validation
Module 6 Measurement
Topology
Output Conditioning
w/wo LSE
Data validation flag
Combine flag &
data
Conditioned data
set to NaN for
error
Conditioned
data w/or w/o
error flags
GPS (Optional)
7. |
LSEissuestoresolve
Many models used in WECC
> Which should be used?
> Which are proprietary only?
> Where do we get it?
Converting model to that used by LSE
Using the LSE outside of .net environment
Keeping topology consistent – Synchronizing data with topology
> SCADA reports are not synchronized with phasors
> How do we get breaker updates for historical data and synchronize with phasor data?
> Same for real-time data?
Choosing the best data (modeless or model based)
Page 6
8. |
ProjectSchedule
Notes
> Original start was delayed for documents
> Task 2 started when approved by WECC
> Task 3 & 4 run concurrently - Resolving issues with state estimation
> Have to work with BPA & SCADA ICCP server availability
> Project end date extended to December 1
Page 7
Task # Task description Work time
projected
Schedule
Start
Scheduled
finish
Actual
start
Actual finish
1 Algorithm & software design 4 mo. 6-Mar-14 21-Aug-14 21-Apr-14 15-Aug-14
2 Develop & deliver code to WECC 7 mo. 24-Sep-14 23-Apr-15 24-Sep-14 21-May-15
3 Install & test at BPA 1 mo. 23-Apr-15 23-May-15 15-May-15
4 Back test with 3 years of data 1 mo. 23-Apr-15 23-May-15 15-May-15
5 Deliver complete working system 1 mo. 23-May-15 23-Jun-15