The document discusses the evolving synchronization requirements for mobile wireless networks as operators migrate to LTE-A and prepare for 5G deployments. It highlights the importance of accurate timing and phase synchronization, addressing the challenges posed by network asymmetry and presenting solutions such as Microsemi's integrated timing devices. Additionally, it outlines various products and deployment strategies that support effective synchronization in indoor and outdoor environments.

1. © 2016 Microsemi Corporation 1
Power Matters.TM
Laying the Foundations
for Phase Timing
Eric Colard
Head of Emerging Line of Business

2. Power Matters.TM 2© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Sync Evolution World Wide – what we see
What is happening
§ Globally operators have
rolled out LTE and are now
planning or preparing for
LTE-A phase delivery
§ USA
§ Japan, Korea
§ China, Taiwan
§ India
§ UK, Germany, France, Italy
Spain, Scandinavia
§ Turkey, Indonesia,
Philippines, Vietnam…..
Why
§ Need a stable frequency
network to support existing
and future applications
§ Especially phase / time
§ Graceful migration of the
Core SDH to SyncE / OTN
§ LTE, LTE-A, LTE Pro etc
§ Small cells & 5G hetnet
§ Distributed clocks
everywhere

3. Power Matters.TM 3© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Mobile Wireless Synchronization
Requirements
Mobile RF Input into Base
Sta3on
Inter Cell Alignment
50ppb 16 ppb
GSM, WCDMA
LTE-FDD
LTE-FDD (frequency)
LTE-TDD (Phase)
Most LTE-A services
require inter cell phase
sync (eICIC, CoMP,
eMBMS, MBSFN)
± 1.1µs
50ppb
± 1.5µs (phase)
A few LTE-A functions do not require phase,
Carrier Aggregation for example does not

4. Power Matters.TM 4© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
The Source of Traceable Time -
Primary Time Reference Clock (PRTC) G.8275
• Frequency requires a Primary
Reference Clock (PRC)
• Usually a Cesium clock but can
also be GPS
§ Time/Phase requires a Primary
Reference Time Clock (PRTC)
§ The PRTC reference must come
from GNSS
§ The PRTC output must be
traceable to UTC.
±100 ns
Transport, Noise, & Network Asymmetry eNB
PRTC
± 400 nsec ± 1000 nsec
TP5000
TP2700
Microsemi PRTC

5. Power Matters.TM 5© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Time/Phase : The Time Error Budget
±100 ns
Transport, Noise, & Network Asymmetry eNB
PRTC
± 400 nsec
± 1000 nsec
SOURCE
OF TIME
USE OF TIME
Total eNB Inter Cell Time Error +/- 1.5 µsec from UTC
Network Error Budget +/- 1 µsec
GPS
TRANSPORT OF TIME
PRC

6. Power Matters.TM 6© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
G.8275.1 Time Error Budget
Up to 10 Time Boundary
Clocks
Total end to end Time Error Budget +/- 1.5usec
Network Equipment eNB
network
asymmetry
±500ns
Time Error PRTC to eNB +/- 1usec
+/- 400ns
for eNB
slave
clock
50ns
±100 ns
PRTC
PRTC
±250ns ±250ns
dynamic
3me error

7. Power Matters.TM 7© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
G.8275.1 Time Profile: Full On Path Support
Attributes
• PTP Multicast over Layer 2 network
• “Time Boundary Clock” (T-BC) on every network element
• Physical layer frequency support from syncE (needs a PRC)
• Max Hops: 10 (20 is currently theoretical)
• Provides “hop by hop” engineering guideline for time/phase as per SEC/EEC
PRC
GM
End Equipment
Time Slave
Clock
T-SCPRTC
GNSS
Packet Network with
Embedded Boundary Clocks
T-BC T-BC T-BC T-BC

8. Power Matters.TM 8© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
G.8275.2 Time Profile:Partial On Path Support
• In G.8275.2 we place a Boundary Clock at the most effective point on the
transport path
• PTP Unicast mode “Segments” are added together to make an end-to-end
sync chain
• Some may cross legacy routers
PRC
GM
End Equipment
Time Slave
Clock
T-SCPRTC
GNSS
BC
Unicast Segment 1 Unicast Segment 2
Asynchronous Packet Network

9. Power Matters.TM 9© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Time Error accumulates as packets go across the network
§ ITU-defined budget for Transport Network accumulated time error is
+/-1usec maximum to deliver the Clock to the eNodeB
§ Constant time error can easily be corrected with a fixed offset
§ Dynamic time error from
Summary: Time Error Budget
The Key to Time/Phase
Asymmetry is the biggest problem for
engineering phase on a network
Switch router element inherent noise
Uplink downlink asymmetry
Packet Buffering delays

10. Power Matters.TM 10© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Asymmetry : Solutions
§ Not completely solved by using Boundary Clocks
§ Manually measure each link and configure offset
compensation
§ Microsemi proposed and offers :
• Asymmetry compensation : automatically calibrate the sync path,
using a GNSS reference
• Advanced multi-sync clock functions to deliver these frequency and
time services
• Minimise asymmetry by placing PRTC clocks close to the eNB

11. Power Matters.TM 11© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
The IGM Family
Expanded IGM Grand Master Timing Options for Network Edge Deployments
IGM1100i
Reinvented Indoor Small Cell
Deployment
• Low Deployment Cost
• Small Form Factor
• High Performance
Enhanced Indoor
IGM1100i
Solu3ons for outdoor deployment
IGM 1100i
Single model for wall
and ceiling mounBng
IGM 1100o
Weatherproof IGM for
outdoor installaBons
IGM 1100x
IGM with external
antenna for specific
applicaBons

12. Power Matters.TM 12© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Key Synchronization Requirements
§ eNodeBs require accurate timing
§ Timing is dependent on GNSS
Critical Problems
Challenges for Indoor Deployment
High Cost of GPS antenna cabling
Roof access/rental fees
Installation Costs through several
floors
Operators requesting less
devices to deploy and manage –
combining functions into single
device
Offices with Small Cell
1588 Grandmaster
in Server Room
GNSS Antenna

13. Power Matters.TM 13© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Traditional vs. Innovative models
No
Outdoor
GNSS
Antenna
Similar easy installaBon
as WiFi Access Point
20 m 150 m 230m
GNSS Kit $1,000 $2,500 $2,800
N.A, Europe Emerging Large
Cities
Capex,
Opex
$5K to $20K $1,200 to
$5K
$25K up to
$65K

14. Power Matters.TM 14© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ More clients : max was 8, now is 16
§ More management options :
• CLI over SSH
• Pre defined IP @ vs. DHCP
§ More resiliency
• Config data stored in non-volatile memory
• 2 antennas, Universal mounting vs. wall or ceiling, same unit
§ More Sync Capabilities
• SyncE Output
• Telecom 2008 profile
• Default profile
Enhancements for Indoor version

15. Power Matters.TM 15© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
North America Field trial

16. Power Matters.TM 16© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Metal “Cabinet”
§ No Windows
§ Challenges expected
§ Worked great
§ Door Open
• 10 satellites
§ Door Closed:
• 7 Satellites
Real-Life – Indoor working unexpected case

17. Power Matters.TM 17© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Use Case – windows or no windows
§ Melia in Sevilla
§ Conference Room
§ No Windows
§ Sub-Ground Floor : -1
§ No A-GNSS
§ Worked great
§ Gherkin, London
§ Plenty of Windows
§ High Floor
§ Challenging

18. Power Matters.TM 18© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Introducing Outdoor Version IGM-1100o
Addressing scenarios : deep indoor, urban canyons, etc

19. Power Matters.TM 19© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ 1588 PTP GM is integrated with Antenna (on roof)
§ Cabling for GNSS antenna to master not needed -
Deployment Cost savings, Ethernet cabling vs GPS cable
§ Common Software with Indoor version (A-GNSS not needed)
§ Environmental & Temp Range benefits - Operating -40C to
+70C
§ IGM Outdoor complies with GR-3108, GR-108, GR-63
§ PoE
§ Plug & Play
Value of Outdoor version

20. Power Matters.TM 20© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ IGM Outdoor (1100o) connected to indoor PoE Midspan
§ Outdoor installations should take care of lighting
protection system:
• Indoor PoE should be isolated – needs to be single port injector
• Primary surge protection device needed as close as possible to inlet
to building & connected to earth ground : PD-OUT/SP11
• Secondary surge protection in the 1 port PoE injector :
PD-9001G-40/SP Midspan
Guidelines – IGM outdoor & PoE indoor
PD-9001G-40/SP PD-OUT/SP11

21. Power Matters.TM 21© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ IGM-1100o connected to Outdoor PoE switch
§ Only makes sense if there are more than 1 outdoor devices, for instance
1 IGM Outdoor and 1 outdoor security camera
§ For instance 2 port PDS-102GO or 4 port PDS-104GO
§ IGM Outdoor complies with GR-3108, GR-108, GR-63 so no need for
optional PD-OUT/SP11
§ Depending length of cable, if it is short there is no need for 2 units PD-
OUT/SP11, if it is long there is a need for 2 PD-OUT/SP11 (one to
protect IGM, 1 to protect inlet to building)
Guidelines – IGM Outdoor, PoE outdoor
PD-OUT/SP11
PDS-102GO
Outdoor PoE
Switch
PDS-104GO
Outdoor PoE
Switch

22. Power Matters.TM 22© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Cabinet or Hut with devices serving Pico or Micro eNodeBs
Serving eNodeBs – not Temp Controlled
On Pole if needed if
vandalism concerns
Outdoor IGM
IGM-1100o

23. Power Matters.TM 23© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Temperature- Controlled Cabinet/Hut or office/rack
§ Serving Pico or Micro eNodeBs
Serving eNodeBs at very edge
IGM connected
to external
GNSS antenna
IGM-1100x

24. Power Matters.TM 24© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Auto-Configuration Server (ACS) – TR069
• Free, limited features, demo version
• Commercial version for deployments
• Auto-configuration and network interactions mimic processes and
systems used by small cells
• TR069 server, DNS server, etc
§ CLI over SSHv2
• For environments where no ACS available
• Limited capabilities. Enhancements coming in v2
§ SNMP
• TimePictra used for SNMP traps
§ TP10 & ACS integration on roadmap
Management

25. Power Matters.TM 25© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
Timelines & Product Updates
Press Release and
Product Launch @
Mobile World
Congress
Prototypes (Indoor
Universal, MiniGM
External)
Prototype
(Outdoor IGM)
General Release
(Outdoor IGM)
Feb 2016 Mar 2016 Apr 2016 July 2016
Indoor Universal
MiniGM
Outdoor Version
* V2 SoQware Update – July 2016
General Release
(Indoor Universal
& MiniGM Ext.)

26. Power Matters.TM 26© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
§ Phase timing becoming essential
§ Microsemi has a lot of relevant practical experience
§ Relying on embedded sync solutions isn’t adequate
§ Dedicated master at mobile edge is cost effective and easy
to deploy
§ IGM Portfolio offers choice for various use cases
Summary
Finalist

27. Power Matters.TM 27© 2016 Microsemi Corporation
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hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs and ASICs; power management products; timing and
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