We have a cross between a heterzygous Aa, Bb with a homozygous rec.pdf
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We have a cross between a heterzygous A/a, B/b with a homozygous recessive a/a, b/b. What is the ratio of parental type to recombinant type of offspring assuming that the two loci are on separate chromosomes? What is the ratio assuming that the two loci are closely linked on the same chromosome (so that no recombination or crossing over between the two loci is observed)? Solution So, when genes are on different chromosomes, 50% of the gametes produced by a this individual would be recombinant, when compared to the gametes produced by its parents. The other 50% are parental. If two genes occur on the same chromosome, they may or may not assort independently depends on linkage distance. Now when Linkage is present then fewer than 50% of the gametes produced by a double heterozygote are recombinant and this percentage will decrease or increase with the gene on same chromosome.ababababABAbBbAbBbAbBbAbBbAbAabbAabbAabbAabbaBaaBbaaBbaaBbaaB babaabbaabbaabbaabb.
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Linkage
1. Linkage ensures to keep the genes in a chromosome to inherit together
2. The strength of linkage between two genes is inversely proportional to the distance between them in the chromosome
3. The strength of linkage between two genes increases with the decrease in distance between them.
4. The strength of linkage decrease with increase in distance between the genes.
5. Linkage ensures the maintenance of parental trait in the offspring.
6. Linkage reduces the chance of creation of variability with sexual reproduction.
Crossing Over
1. Crossing over facilitates the separation of genes present chromosome and segregate into different gametes.
2. The chance of crossing over between two genes is directly proportional to the distance between them in the chromosome
3. The chance of crossing over between two genes decreases with the decrease in the distance between them.
4. The chance of crossing increases with increase in distance between the genes.
5. The crossing over causes alterations in the parental traits in the offspring.
6. Crossing over increases the chance of variability with sexual reproduction.
If the F1 plants with red flowers were crossed to each other, what pr.pdf
If the F1 plants with red flowers were crossed to each other, what progeny would be produced
and in what proportions? On occasion, genetically identical humans are produced by a natural
cloning process. The result is identical, or monozygotic, twins. These individuals have all 23
pairs of chromosomes identical to those of their twin. Fraternal twins are produced when two
eggs are ovulated and fertilized simultaneously, but independently. What is the likelihood that
two fraternal twins will be genetically identical? On average, what proportion of their alleles do
siblings have in common with each other? On average, what is the probability that any particular
X-linked allele carried by a man is also carried by his brother? On average, what proportion of
their alleles do children have in common with a parent? You work as a genetics consultant for a
local attorney. She is currently working on five cases of disputed paternity. Tests have produced
the following information on blood types:
Solution
2A. Fraternal twins are formed from the fertilization of two different ovules by two different
sperms and are hence also known as \'dizygotic\'. This implies that there is hardly any likelihood
of being any more identical than two siblings, which is 50 percent. However, they can be formed
either due to the presence of hyperovulation gene in the mother, which makes the mother release
more than one egg at a time, or by multiple fathers within a span of few days. In the first case,
the likehood of being identical is 50 percent or more, whereas in the second case, it\'s only the
mother\'s gene which is similar in the twins.
2B. Each sibling gets half an allele from each parent, so 50% is all they get from the parents. So
one extreme can be each sibling getting the alleles from parents and which the other didn\'t get,
while the other extreme can be each sibling getting exactly the same allele. Hence the probability
ranges from 0 (no similarity) to 1 (exactly same). So on a average, the proportion of alleles they
share is (0+1)/2 = 0.5.
2C. For a man and his brother, the X linked genes can only come from their mother since they
will recieve Y gene from their father. Hence, the likelihood is 50%. However, to get the same X-
linked genes from mother, the likelihood reduces to 25% (Please refer to the table below).
X1-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X2-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X1-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
X2-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
2D. Since each child receives only half allele from each parent, on an average the have only 50%
common with a parent.MotherMotherX1-MX2-MFatherX-F
X1-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X2-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)FatherY-F
X1-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
X2-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son).
Linkage
Linkage refers to the presence of two different genes on the same chromosome . Two genes that occur on the same chromosome are said to be linked, and those that occur very close together are tightly linked.
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Inbreeding and outbreeding
This powerpoint gives a clear picture on inbreeding and also about outbreeding of higher organisms. This also explains the advantages and disadvantages of the above said topics. the methods of inbreeding and reasons for inbreeding also given in this powerpoint.
Coupling and repulsion human genetics
B.Sc. Cell biology and genetics Paper, Notes for B.Sc Biotechnology students, Coupling and repulsion human genetics, includes examples
Linkage and Crossing over (Sanjay Chetry).pptx
Linkage
1. Linkage ensures to keep the genes in a chromosome to inherit together
2. The strength of linkage between two genes is inversely proportional to the distance between them in the chromosome
3. The strength of linkage between two genes increases with the decrease in distance between them.
4. The strength of linkage decrease with increase in distance between the genes.
5. Linkage ensures the maintenance of parental trait in the offspring.
6. Linkage reduces the chance of creation of variability with sexual reproduction.
Crossing Over
1. Crossing over facilitates the separation of genes present chromosome and segregate into different gametes.
2. The chance of crossing over between two genes is directly proportional to the distance between them in the chromosome
3. The chance of crossing over between two genes decreases with the decrease in the distance between them.
4. The chance of crossing increases with increase in distance between the genes.
5. The crossing over causes alterations in the parental traits in the offspring.
6. Crossing over increases the chance of variability with sexual reproduction.
If the F1 plants with red flowers were crossed to each other, what pr.pdf
If the F1 plants with red flowers were crossed to each other, what progeny would be produced
and in what proportions? On occasion, genetically identical humans are produced by a natural
cloning process. The result is identical, or monozygotic, twins. These individuals have all 23
pairs of chromosomes identical to those of their twin. Fraternal twins are produced when two
eggs are ovulated and fertilized simultaneously, but independently. What is the likelihood that
two fraternal twins will be genetically identical? On average, what proportion of their alleles do
siblings have in common with each other? On average, what is the probability that any particular
X-linked allele carried by a man is also carried by his brother? On average, what proportion of
their alleles do children have in common with a parent? You work as a genetics consultant for a
local attorney. She is currently working on five cases of disputed paternity. Tests have produced
the following information on blood types:
Solution
2A. Fraternal twins are formed from the fertilization of two different ovules by two different
sperms and are hence also known as \'dizygotic\'. This implies that there is hardly any likelihood
of being any more identical than two siblings, which is 50 percent. However, they can be formed
either due to the presence of hyperovulation gene in the mother, which makes the mother release
more than one egg at a time, or by multiple fathers within a span of few days. In the first case,
the likehood of being identical is 50 percent or more, whereas in the second case, it\'s only the
mother\'s gene which is similar in the twins.
2B. Each sibling gets half an allele from each parent, so 50% is all they get from the parents. So
one extreme can be each sibling getting the alleles from parents and which the other didn\'t get,
while the other extreme can be each sibling getting exactly the same allele. Hence the probability
ranges from 0 (no similarity) to 1 (exactly same). So on a average, the proportion of alleles they
share is (0+1)/2 = 0.5.
2C. For a man and his brother, the X linked genes can only come from their mother since they
will recieve Y gene from their father. Hence, the likelihood is 50%. However, to get the same X-
linked genes from mother, the likelihood reduces to 25% (Please refer to the table below).
X1-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X2-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X1-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
X2-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
2D. Since each child receives only half allele from each parent, on an average the have only 50%
common with a parent.MotherMotherX1-MX2-MFatherX-F
X1-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)
X2-M, X-F (25%)
(Daughter)FatherY-F
X1-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son)
X2-M, Y-F (25%)
(Son).
Linkage
Linkage refers to the presence of two different genes on the same chromosome . Two genes that occur on the same chromosome are said to be linked, and those that occur very close together are tightly linked.
LINKAGE
This PowerPoint Presentation offers a bird's eye view about the Linkage- the most exciting episode in biology along with some features and uniqueness in characters regulation.
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a diffe.pdf
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a different pattern by males and
females. In X-linked dominant traits, males hemizygous for trait will express the trait, but
females heterozygous will be carriers. For X-linked recessive, none of the sons of an affected
female will show the trait. For autosomal dominant, two affected parents may produce an
unaffected child.
Solution
Answer:
A. True
Most X-linked conditions are recessive. This means that in a person with two X chromosomes
(most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each X chromosome) must have a change or
mutation whereas in a person with one X chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene
must have a mutation. A female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the X chromosome is
said to be a “carrier” for an X-linked condition. A male with a mutation in a gene on the X
chromosome is typically affected with the condition.
The father\'s X-chromosome goes to the daughter while the mother can give one X-chromosome
to the son and other to the daughter.
B. False
For an X-linked dominant condition, only one copy of a gene on the X chromosome whether in a
female with two X chromosomes or males with on X chromosome must have a change or
mutation for an individual to be affected with the condition. For this reason, X-linked disorders
are often seen with similar frequency in males and females. However, since females also have
one normal X chromosome as well as an X chromosome with a mutation, the condition is often
more “mild.”
C.False
For X-linked recessive disorders, an affected father who has a mutation in a gene on the X
chromosome can transmit either the X chromosome with this mutation or a Y chromosome to his
children. If the mother is not affected or a carrier, none of his sons will be affected since they can
only inherit a normal X chromosome from their mother and they inherit a Y chromosome from
their father.
But if the female is affected, it will receive one of the affected X chromosomes, which is enough
to express the trait in the son.
D. True
A person affected by an autosomal dominant disorder has a 50 percent chance of passing the
mutated gene to each child. The chance that a child will not inherit the mutated gene is also 50
percent..
Crossing over and independent assortment
Powerpoint presentation showing corssing over and independent assortment
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, fro.pdf
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, from each parent except for
the males who possess only one X chromosome from the mother, meanwhile lacks several
compensatory genes present on Y chromosome to be inherited from the father.
In this context, brothers and sisters even when they share the same genotype, differ considerably
due to the variation occurring the genetic makeup occurring through mutation, recombination
and migration of genes. It also happens that alleles are segregated at different loci, which play a
key role in the distinction of siblings.
Solution
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, from each parent except for
the males who possess only one X chromosome from the mother, meanwhile lacks several
compensatory genes present on Y chromosome to be inherited from the father.
In this context, brothers and sisters even when they share the same genotype, differ considerably
due to the variation occurring the genetic makeup occurring through mutation, recombination
and migration of genes. It also happens that alleles are segregated at different loci, which play a
key role in the distinction of siblings..
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation i.pdf
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation in offspring: Explain why
it is not possible to have a recombination frequency of greater than 50% (half recombinant
progeny): A second pair of Drosophila are mated. The female is Cucu YY (straight wing, gray
body), while the male is Cucu yy (straight wing, yellow body). Assuming recombination,
perform the cross and list the offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
Solution
Que-3:
The recombination frequency is the measure of genetic linkage at different loci. The value of
recombination frequency is 50% if the chromosomal genes are located at different regions on the
different chromosome because of independent assortment. If the genes are located closely
together on the same chromosome, then those genes considered as genetically linked; because
they have not assorted independently due to \"crossing over\", then the recombination frequency
value is less than 50%. Linked genes are due to linkage often do not obey Mendel\'s laws of
inheritance such as independent assortment because of \"crossing over with reciprocal exchange
of hereditary genetic material meticulously in between non-sister chromatids\" at the time of
\"synapsis formation\" (propahse -I) in reduction division or meiosis 1. These events are leading
to formation of gamete cells with complete different genotypically from diploid parent
reproductive cell via meiosis finally induce \"genetic variation\" in phenotype due to
\"fertilization\" events between sperm cells & ovum.
The recombination of chromosomes enables meiosis process of cell division with the generation
of novel recombinant nucleotide -sequences by crossing over during the cell division in both
unicellular and multicellular species. Sometimes, double strand breaks in DNA during
homologous chromosomal recombination may be produced due to exposure any harmful
radiation finally may cause higher genetic variation via duplication followed by fertilization to
form a phenotype with higher genetic variation
Que-4:
Crossing over is somewhat randomly distributed over the length of the chromosome because if
the two genes are close together then it is very change to get exchange of chromosomal breaks
therefore, if the two genes are located farther apart then there will be higher room for the
exchange of genetic material with chromosomal breaks. Therefore, when two genetic are far
apart on the same chromosome are more likely to have a crossover between them than two loci
that are close together. This recombination frequency is considered as a measure of genetic
linkage during the crossover of the homologous chromosomes. Linkage disequilibrium defined
as the existence of alleles at different loci with the absence of genetic linkage between them even
though there is no equilibrium with allelic frequencies independently. The recombination
frequency is the measure of genetic linkage at different loci. The value of recombination
frequency is 50% \"if the chromosomal genes are .
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ There is no diff.pdf
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ? There is no difference between
incomplete dominance and codominance. Incomplete dominance occurs when the degree of
expression of a phenotype is influenced by environmental factors; codominance when the
expression of a phenotype is influenced by the genetic background. Incomplete dominance
means the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype between the homozygotes;
codominance the heterozygote expresses both homozygous phenotypes simultaneously.
Incomplete dominance means the heterozygote expresses both homozygous phenotypes
simultaneously; codominance heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between the
homozygotes. Codominance arises for loci with three or more alleles; incomplete dominance
occurs for loci with only two alleles. True or False? Progeny from the same cross often
displaying phenotypic variability is a characteristic exhibited by a cytoplasmically inherited trait.
True False True or False? Ma
Solution
Incomplete dominance results in a offspring with phenotype which is in middle of the parental
phenotypes. Whereas in co-dominance, the offspring shows the dominant and recessive
phenotypes of parents in a single organism. The correct option is.............incomplete dominance
means the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype between the homozygotes; co-
dominance get expressed when the heterozygote expresses both the homozygous phenotypes
simultaneously..
LINKAGE
GENETICS
CYTOGENETICS
Definition of Linkage, Coupling and Repulsion hypothesis, Linkage group- Drosophila, maize and man, Types of linkage-complete linkage and incomplete linkage, Factors affecting linkage- distance between genes, age, temperature, radiation, sex, chemicals and nutrition, Significance of linkage.
The tendency of two or more genes to stay together (i.e., the co-existence of two or more genes) in the same chromosome during inheritance is known as LINKAGE. The linked genes are present on the same chromosome are said to be SYNTENIC. The linked genes do not show independent assortment.
LINKAGE v/s INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
The frequency of linkage or the strength recombination is influenced by several factors (agents).
Linkage and crossing over.. Dr. krishna
Cell Biology and Genetics. linkage and crossing over, type. brief notes for B.Sc., biotechnology students. pea plant and Drosophila
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of .pdf
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of chromosomes and
crossovers together generate new combinations of alleles that differ from the parental
combinations. True False True or False. If two genes are very far apart on the same
chromosome, they can sometimes produce as many recombinants as genes that reside on
different chromosomes. True False Mendel performed a monohybrid cross by crossing two
pure-breeding parental lines, and then crossing the F1 individuals to produce an F2. He predicted
that the F2 would contain a mix of heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous dominant (AA)
individuals. How might his hypothesis be tested? Use the F2 offspring as one parent in a
dihybrid cross Perform testcrosses with each of several of the dominant phenotype F2 offspring
crossed to a homozygous recessive genotype Use F2 offspring as one parent in a trihybrid cross
Perform testcrosses with each of several of the dominant phenotype F2 offspring crossed to a
homozygous dominant genotype None of the above.
Solution
40.
The given statement is true. Independent assortment law is proposed by Mendel states that the
different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other resulting in new
combinations of genes in the offspring that are different from parents. Crossing over is another
phenomenon in which homologous chromosomes exchange segments resulting in the formation
of new combination of genes in offspring and are different from parents.
41.
The given statement is true. The genes undergoing independent assortment may produce 50%
recombinants whether the genes are located on nonhomologous chromosomes or genes are
located far apart in a single chromosome.
42.
The result of F1 cross is expected having F2 individuals of both heterozygous and homozygous
dominant individuals is tested by performing test cross between dominant phenotype in F2
offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype. Option 2 is correct..
Heredity, inheritance, and variation
lesson of grade 9 science.
the topics includes the following (a) heredity, inheritance and variation
In the following list, which term is least related to the others tr.pdf
In the following list, which term is least related to the others? tripled monosomic aneuploid
trisomic
Solution
triploid is the answer.
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.It can be
monosomic or disomic or trisomic.
Monosomy is lack of one chromosome of the normal complement.Monosomy of the sex
chromosomes(45,X) causes Turner syndrome.
Trisomy is the presence of three copies,instead of the normal two,of a particular
chromosome.The presence of an extra chromosome 21,which is found in Down syndrome.
Triploid is having three homologous sets of chromosomes..
If your organization is going to apply for a grant, when do you thin.pdf
If your organization is going to apply for a grant, when do you think, if ever, it would be
appropriate to make the application public? What would be the benefits and drawbacks of doing
it before the application is submitted? What about after?
Solution
Answer )
Grants in general term conside as money awards to organization to take care or start a social
project .In real life, grant may be given in kinds other than cash ( travel expenses, data collection
supports ,software, time off the job). and occasionally, mainly for research, it can be made to
individuals.
An organization apply for grant for many reason , like, times when we don\'t have much money
to do excellent community work,Government is ready to give special funding for some unique
projects, organization are asked to get some community work .and organization is well aware
about its capability to meet the eligibility standards for such awards.
If my organization is going to apply for a grant, it would be appropriate to make the application
public once the purposal of grant get accepted by granting agencies . The schedule of
disbursement of fund is out.
Drawbacks of making public before application is submitted
Benefits
Diclosing after getting approved :
Drawback s
Benefits.
More Related Content
Similar to We have a cross between a heterzygous Aa, Bb with a homozygous rec.pdf
LINKAGE
This PowerPoint Presentation offers a bird's eye view about the Linkage- the most exciting episode in biology along with some features and uniqueness in characters regulation.
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a diffe.pdf
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a different pattern by males and
females. In X-linked dominant traits, males hemizygous for trait will express the trait, but
females heterozygous will be carriers. For X-linked recessive, none of the sons of an affected
female will show the trait. For autosomal dominant, two affected parents may produce an
unaffected child.
Solution
Answer:
A. True
Most X-linked conditions are recessive. This means that in a person with two X chromosomes
(most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each X chromosome) must have a change or
mutation whereas in a person with one X chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene
must have a mutation. A female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the X chromosome is
said to be a “carrier” for an X-linked condition. A male with a mutation in a gene on the X
chromosome is typically affected with the condition.
The father\'s X-chromosome goes to the daughter while the mother can give one X-chromosome
to the son and other to the daughter.
B. False
For an X-linked dominant condition, only one copy of a gene on the X chromosome whether in a
female with two X chromosomes or males with on X chromosome must have a change or
mutation for an individual to be affected with the condition. For this reason, X-linked disorders
are often seen with similar frequency in males and females. However, since females also have
one normal X chromosome as well as an X chromosome with a mutation, the condition is often
more “mild.”
C.False
For X-linked recessive disorders, an affected father who has a mutation in a gene on the X
chromosome can transmit either the X chromosome with this mutation or a Y chromosome to his
children. If the mother is not affected or a carrier, none of his sons will be affected since they can
only inherit a normal X chromosome from their mother and they inherit a Y chromosome from
their father.
But if the female is affected, it will receive one of the affected X chromosomes, which is enough
to express the trait in the son.
D. True
A person affected by an autosomal dominant disorder has a 50 percent chance of passing the
mutated gene to each child. The chance that a child will not inherit the mutated gene is also 50
percent..
Crossing over and independent assortment
Powerpoint presentation showing corssing over and independent assortment
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, fro.pdf
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, from each parent except for
the males who possess only one X chromosome from the mother, meanwhile lacks several
compensatory genes present on Y chromosome to be inherited from the father.
In this context, brothers and sisters even when they share the same genotype, differ considerably
due to the variation occurring the genetic makeup occurring through mutation, recombination
and migration of genes. It also happens that alleles are segregated at different loci, which play a
key role in the distinction of siblings.
Solution
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, from each parent except for
the males who possess only one X chromosome from the mother, meanwhile lacks several
compensatory genes present on Y chromosome to be inherited from the father.
In this context, brothers and sisters even when they share the same genotype, differ considerably
due to the variation occurring the genetic makeup occurring through mutation, recombination
and migration of genes. It also happens that alleles are segregated at different loci, which play a
key role in the distinction of siblings..
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation i.pdf
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation in offspring: Explain why
it is not possible to have a recombination frequency of greater than 50% (half recombinant
progeny): A second pair of Drosophila are mated. The female is Cucu YY (straight wing, gray
body), while the male is Cucu yy (straight wing, yellow body). Assuming recombination,
perform the cross and list the offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
Solution
Que-3:
The recombination frequency is the measure of genetic linkage at different loci. The value of
recombination frequency is 50% if the chromosomal genes are located at different regions on the
different chromosome because of independent assortment. If the genes are located closely
together on the same chromosome, then those genes considered as genetically linked; because
they have not assorted independently due to \"crossing over\", then the recombination frequency
value is less than 50%. Linked genes are due to linkage often do not obey Mendel\'s laws of
inheritance such as independent assortment because of \"crossing over with reciprocal exchange
of hereditary genetic material meticulously in between non-sister chromatids\" at the time of
\"synapsis formation\" (propahse -I) in reduction division or meiosis 1. These events are leading
to formation of gamete cells with complete different genotypically from diploid parent
reproductive cell via meiosis finally induce \"genetic variation\" in phenotype due to
\"fertilization\" events between sperm cells & ovum.
The recombination of chromosomes enables meiosis process of cell division with the generation
of novel recombinant nucleotide -sequences by crossing over during the cell division in both
unicellular and multicellular species. Sometimes, double strand breaks in DNA during
homologous chromosomal recombination may be produced due to exposure any harmful
radiation finally may cause higher genetic variation via duplication followed by fertilization to
form a phenotype with higher genetic variation
Que-4:
Crossing over is somewhat randomly distributed over the length of the chromosome because if
the two genes are close together then it is very change to get exchange of chromosomal breaks
therefore, if the two genes are located farther apart then there will be higher room for the
exchange of genetic material with chromosomal breaks. Therefore, when two genetic are far
apart on the same chromosome are more likely to have a crossover between them than two loci
that are close together. This recombination frequency is considered as a measure of genetic
linkage during the crossover of the homologous chromosomes. Linkage disequilibrium defined
as the existence of alleles at different loci with the absence of genetic linkage between them even
though there is no equilibrium with allelic frequencies independently. The recombination
frequency is the measure of genetic linkage at different loci. The value of recombination
frequency is 50% \"if the chromosomal genes are .
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ There is no diff.pdf
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ? There is no difference between
incomplete dominance and codominance. Incomplete dominance occurs when the degree of
expression of a phenotype is influenced by environmental factors; codominance when the
expression of a phenotype is influenced by the genetic background. Incomplete dominance
means the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype between the homozygotes;
codominance the heterozygote expresses both homozygous phenotypes simultaneously.
Incomplete dominance means the heterozygote expresses both homozygous phenotypes
simultaneously; codominance heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between the
homozygotes. Codominance arises for loci with three or more alleles; incomplete dominance
occurs for loci with only two alleles. True or False? Progeny from the same cross often
displaying phenotypic variability is a characteristic exhibited by a cytoplasmically inherited trait.
True False True or False? Ma
Solution
Incomplete dominance results in a offspring with phenotype which is in middle of the parental
phenotypes. Whereas in co-dominance, the offspring shows the dominant and recessive
phenotypes of parents in a single organism. The correct option is.............incomplete dominance
means the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype between the homozygotes; co-
dominance get expressed when the heterozygote expresses both the homozygous phenotypes
simultaneously..
LINKAGE
GENETICS
CYTOGENETICS
Definition of Linkage, Coupling and Repulsion hypothesis, Linkage group- Drosophila, maize and man, Types of linkage-complete linkage and incomplete linkage, Factors affecting linkage- distance between genes, age, temperature, radiation, sex, chemicals and nutrition, Significance of linkage.
The tendency of two or more genes to stay together (i.e., the co-existence of two or more genes) in the same chromosome during inheritance is known as LINKAGE. The linked genes are present on the same chromosome are said to be SYNTENIC. The linked genes do not show independent assortment.
LINKAGE v/s INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
The frequency of linkage or the strength recombination is influenced by several factors (agents).
Linkage and crossing over.. Dr. krishna
Cell Biology and Genetics. linkage and crossing over, type. brief notes for B.Sc., biotechnology students. pea plant and Drosophila
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of .pdf
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of chromosomes and
crossovers together generate new combinations of alleles that differ from the parental
combinations. True False True or False. If two genes are very far apart on the same
chromosome, they can sometimes produce as many recombinants as genes that reside on
different chromosomes. True False Mendel performed a monohybrid cross by crossing two
pure-breeding parental lines, and then crossing the F1 individuals to produce an F2. He predicted
that the F2 would contain a mix of heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous dominant (AA)
individuals. How might his hypothesis be tested? Use the F2 offspring as one parent in a
dihybrid cross Perform testcrosses with each of several of the dominant phenotype F2 offspring
crossed to a homozygous recessive genotype Use F2 offspring as one parent in a trihybrid cross
Perform testcrosses with each of several of the dominant phenotype F2 offspring crossed to a
homozygous dominant genotype None of the above.
Solution
40.
The given statement is true. Independent assortment law is proposed by Mendel states that the
different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other resulting in new
combinations of genes in the offspring that are different from parents. Crossing over is another
phenomenon in which homologous chromosomes exchange segments resulting in the formation
of new combination of genes in offspring and are different from parents.
41.
The given statement is true. The genes undergoing independent assortment may produce 50%
recombinants whether the genes are located on nonhomologous chromosomes or genes are
located far apart in a single chromosome.
42.
The result of F1 cross is expected having F2 individuals of both heterozygous and homozygous
dominant individuals is tested by performing test cross between dominant phenotype in F2
offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype. Option 2 is correct..
Heredity, inheritance, and variation
lesson of grade 9 science.
the topics includes the following (a) heredity, inheritance and variation
Similar to We have a cross between a heterzygous Aa, Bb with a homozygous rec.pdf (20)
AP Biology Ch 12 gene linkage groups and chromosome maps
AP Biology Ch 12 gene linkage groups and chromosome maps
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a diffe.pdf
With X-linked inheritance, the X chromosome is transmitted in a diffe.pdf
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, fro.pdf
Humans being a diploid organism inherit two copies of each gene, fro.pdf
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation i.pdf
Explain how recombination increases the amount of genetic variation i.pdf
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ There is no diff.pdf
How do incomplete dominance and codominance differ There is no diff.pdf
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of .pdf
Please help me with these 3 questions! True or False. Assortment of .pdf
More from aroraenterprisesmbd
In the following list, which term is least related to the others tr.pdf
In the following list, which term is least related to the others? tripled monosomic aneuploid
trisomic
Solution
triploid is the answer.
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.It can be
monosomic or disomic or trisomic.
Monosomy is lack of one chromosome of the normal complement.Monosomy of the sex
chromosomes(45,X) causes Turner syndrome.
Trisomy is the presence of three copies,instead of the normal two,of a particular
chromosome.The presence of an extra chromosome 21,which is found in Down syndrome.
Triploid is having three homologous sets of chromosomes..
If your organization is going to apply for a grant, when do you thin.pdf
If your organization is going to apply for a grant, when do you think, if ever, it would be
appropriate to make the application public? What would be the benefits and drawbacks of doing
it before the application is submitted? What about after?
Solution
Answer )
Grants in general term conside as money awards to organization to take care or start a social
project .In real life, grant may be given in kinds other than cash ( travel expenses, data collection
supports ,software, time off the job). and occasionally, mainly for research, it can be made to
individuals.
An organization apply for grant for many reason , like, times when we don\'t have much money
to do excellent community work,Government is ready to give special funding for some unique
projects, organization are asked to get some community work .and organization is well aware
about its capability to meet the eligibility standards for such awards.
If my organization is going to apply for a grant, it would be appropriate to make the application
public once the purposal of grant get accepted by granting agencies . The schedule of
disbursement of fund is out.
Drawbacks of making public before application is submitted
Benefits
Diclosing after getting approved :
Drawback s
Benefits.
If the characteristic followed in the pedigree is x-linked recessive .pdf
If the characteristic followed in the pedigree is x-linked recessive allele, what is III-1\'s
genotype? a. Hemizygous for a dominant allele b. Hemizygous for a recessive allele c.
Definitely heterozygous d. dominant e. Either heterozygous or homozygous dominant
Solution
1st generation parents 1,2 though are normal but must be heterozygotes (Pp) since their children
are affected i.e. 2nd generation males 1,3.
Since 1st generation male 3 is affected (pp) and 4 is normal but regardless if 4 in 1st generation
is PP or Pp their children will be either 4 Pp i.e. heterozygote or 2 affected pp and 2
heterozygotes Pp. But the 2nd generation 4, 5 female are normal but heterozygotes Pp.
So the cross between a 2nd generation affected male 3(pp) and a normal but heterozygote female
4(Pp) would have a normal male child only if hemizygous for a dominant allele condition exists.
Hemizygous is a condition in which only one gene copy/DNA sequence exists in diploid cells.
Males are hemizygous for most genes on sex chromosomes since they have only one X and one
Y chromosome unlike two X for females. A recessive X-linked gene requires two mutant alleles
to affect the female phenotype.
Rules followed here are.
I want to know the purpose of parting lineSolutionA parting li.pdf
I want to know the purpose of parting line
Solution
A parting line is the border in which draft angles change direction. It is also the line, which splits
the part into core and cavity halves. Parting line can be a starting point for the mould parting
surface, but not necessarily.
In other words we can say that Parting line in actual seperates Cope and Drag of a mould and
hence plays an important role in determining various properties, shapes and surface finish of
Cast..
HTML5 & JqueryJavascriptI am trying to code a image slider and I.pdf
HTML5 & Jquery/Javascript
I am trying to code a image slider and I\'m having a problem switching from my gif file to my
images
I\'m stuck at my loading.gif and i can\'t transition. Does anyone know my problem or another
way to transition from images to images
base looking at my code
My Code
CGT 353 Project 1
Solution
Images Sliding
Images sliding Animated.
How to access this window in ANSYS (Picture 1 contains analysis s.pdf
How to access this window in ANSYS (Picture 1: contains \"analysis systems\"?), why when I
open ANSYS it only shows this window (Picture 2)
Picture 1:
Picture 2: 9 Analysis Syt Betric Mydrotynanic TimeResporee Random vibration Rigid Dyn
Seady Sate Thermal Translent Therma Response Spean
Solution.
How and when do we learn ethicsHow and when do we learn ethics.pdf
How and when do we learn ethics?
How and when do we learn ethics?
Solution
Ethics is actually a branch of philosphy.
It guides us about right conduct and wrong conduct.
Directly or indirectly everyone is learning ethics from childhood. Children are taught to avoid
doing wrongs by parents from very tender age onwards.
General ethics should be started from early ages so as to make the child behave in the society in
a presentable manner.
Professional ethics, conduct to certain profession or group can be learnt after selecting that
profession..
How does a dominant culture differ from a subculture In your answer.pdf
How does a dominant culture differ from a subculture? In your answer be sure to define both
terms.
Solution
Organizations are, in a way, small or large ecosystems, within which its members interact under
certain codes of conduct. Organizational culture is then all these formal and informal rules which
take the members of the organization to establish and accepted behaviors that generate
disapproval, and in general, the expected behavior of each of the members.
Recent studies have found that, generally, there is a culture that is identified as dominant,
because most of the members of the organization accept and follow it.
However, it is also true that the dominant culture is not homogeneously accepted by all
members, some of them create rules and codes as a reaction to it, thus forming more specific
subcultures.
Thus, the dominant culture revolves around the core values of the organization or that group of
people in particular, and are widely shared.
Instead, subcultures go around problems, experiences or specific realities of a smaller group of
people, values are not massive, but share few people in response to specific situations, such as a
high school subculture or Latinos African Americans.
In the dominant culture deprive the philosophical values that inspire the masses, in the subculture
specific needs of this group are imposed, it is more pragmatic, that is a fundamental difference..
Help with implementing the four function the first is an exampleth.pdf
Help with implementing the four function the first is an example
thanks
def inorder(T,f):
if not is_bst(T):
return
if not T:
return
inorder(T[1],f)
f(T[0])
inorder(T[2],f)
# programming project: provide implementations for the functions below
# and add tests for these functions to the code in the block
# that starts \"if __name__ == \'__main__\'\"
def preorder(T,f):
pass
def postorder(T,f):
pass
def tree_height(T):
pass
def balance(T):
# returns the height of the left subtree of T
# minus the height of the right subtree of T
pass
Solution
class Node:
def _init_(self,val):
self.value=val
self.leftChild=None
self.rightChild=None
def preorder(self):
if self:
print(str(self.value))
if self.leftChild:
self.leftChild. preorder()
if self.rightChild:
self. rightChild. preorder()
def postorder(self):
if self:
if self.leftChild:
self.leftChild. postorder ()
if self.rightChild:
self. rightChild. postorder ()
print(str(self.value))
def inorder(self):
if self:
if self.leftChild:
self.leftChild. inorder ()
print(str(self.value))
if self.rightChild:
self. rightChild. inorder ()
def height(self,root):
if root is None:
reture 0
else:
return max(self.height(root.left),self.height(root.right))+1
det balance(self,root):
if root is None:
return 0
else:
leftHeight= height(root.left)
rightHeight= height(root.right)
if leftHeight- rightHeight<=1 :
return 1
else:
return 0
class Tree:
def _init_(self):
self.root=None
def preorder(self):
print(“Preorder)”
self.root.preorder()
def postorder(self):
print(“Postorder)”
self.root. postorder ()
def inorder(self):
print(“Inorder)”
self.root. inorder ()
bst=Tree()
bst.preorder()
bst.postorder()
bst.inorder()
print(\"Height of tree is \" (height (bst)))
if (balance(bst):
print (“Tree is balance”)
else
print (“Tree is not balance”).
Encrypt the message HALT by translating the letters into numbe.pdf
Encrypt the message \" HALT \" by translating the letters into numbers
(via A=0,B=1,C=2,D=3,E=4,F=5,G=6,H=7,I=8,
J=9,K=10,L=11,M=12,N=13,O=14,P=15,Q=16,R=17,
S=18,T=19,U=20,V=21,W=22,X=23,Y=24,Z=25 )
and then applying the encryption function given, and then translating the numbers back into
letters.
(a) f(p)=(p+5) mod 26 _____________
(b) f(p)=(p+12) mod 26 _______________
(c) f(p)=(p+4) mod 26 ______________
Solution
Encrypt message as : A=0,B=1,C=2,D=3,E=4,F=5,G=6,H=7,I=8,
J=9,K=10,L=11,M=12,N=13,O=14,P=15,Q=16,R=17,
S=18,T=19,U=20,V=21,W=22,X=23,Y=24,Z=25
and given encryption function :a) f(p)=(p+5)mod26 if p=Z=25
f(25)=(25+5)mod26
=30mod26=4
f(25)=E
and f(p)=(p+5)mod26 if p=15
f(15)=(15+5)mod26
=20mod26=20
f(15)=U
b) f(p)=(p+12)mod26
f(p)=(p+12)mod26 if p=Z=25
f(25)=(25+12)mod26
=37mod26=11
f(25)=L
and for f(p)=(p+12)mod26 if p=15
f(15)=(15+12)mod26
=27mod26=1
f(15)=B
c)f(p)=(p+4)mod26
f(p)=(p+4)mod26 if p=Z=25
f(25)=(25+4)mod26
=29mod26=3
f(25)=D
and for f(p)=(p+4)mod26 if p=15
f(15)=(15+4)mod26
=19mod26=19
f(15)=T.
Each letter in the word Massachusetts is written on a card. The card.pdf
Each letter in the word Massachusetts is written on a card. The cards are placed in a basket. What
is the probability of selecting two S\'s if the first card is replaced before selecting the second
card?
Solution
It\'s a probability of 16 out of 169.
There are 13 letters in MASSACHUSETTS. 4 of the 13 are the letter S, so there is a 4 in 13
chance to draw an S. Since the first card is replaced, there is still a 4 in 13 chance of drawing
another S. So the combined probability is 4/13 x 4/13 = 16/169.
Below is the question I need help with. It need to be done in Java. .pdf
Below is the question I need help with. It need to be done in Java. I need help making the priority
queue part of the assignment, if you can add the GUI it will be helpful. You are to simulate a
dispatcher using a priority queue system. New processes are to be entered using a GUI with
priority included (numbering should be automatic). Processes are also to be terminated by GUI
command. Context switches are to be by command with the cause of the switch being
immaterial. Assume only one CPU. Priorities and numbers of processes can be kept small, just
big enough to demonstrate the below listed functionality. You may pre-populate the queues
initially from a data file. I am looking at the mechanism as you are NOT creating actual
processes, just simulating them. Functionality to be provided by you:
1. Priority based Ready Queue(s).
2. Blocked list.
3. Output of complete system status after every context switch showing ready, blocked, and
running processes.
Solution
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
class dispatcher extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
static int processNo = 0;
static Process currentlyRunning;
static Queue readyQueue;
static Queue blockedQueue;
static JButton newProcess;
static JButton contextSwitch;
static JTextField priority;
static JTextArea Queues;
private static Process newProcess(int i, int i0, String running) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException(\"Not supported yet.\");
}
dispatcher() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
Queues = new JTextArea(5, 15);
Queues.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 400));
cp.add(Queues);
cp.add(new JLabel(\"Priority\"));
priority = new JTextField(6);
newProcess = new JButton(\"Create Process\");
newProcess.addActionListener(this);
cp.add(priority);
cp.add(newProcess);
contextSwitch = new JButton(\"Context Switch\");
contextSwitch.addActionListener(this);
cp.add(contextSwitch);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setTitle(\"Dispatcher\");
setSize(600, 500);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
dispatcher d = new dispatcher();
readyQueue = new PriorityQueue<>();
blockedQueue = new PriorityQueue<>();
Process p1 = newProcess(processNo++, 2, \"Running\");
Process p2 = newProcess(processNo++, 1, \"Blocked\");
Process p3 = newProcess(processNo++, 4, \"Ready\");
Process p4 = newProcess(processNo++, 3, \"Ready\");
Process p5 = newProcess(processNo++, 5, \"Ready\");
Process p6 = newProcess(processNo++, 8, \"Blocked\");
readyQueue.add(p3);
readyQueue.add(p4);
readyQueue.add(p5);
blockedQueue.add(p6);
blockedQueue.add(p2);
currentlyRunning = p1;
contextSwitch();
}
static void createProcess(int priority) {
readyQueue.add.
Css code for a awoko newspaper html website which provides busines.pdf
Css code for a awoko newspaper html website which provides business and finance, editorial,
entertainment.,features and sport.
Css code for a awoko newspaper html website which provides business and finance, editorial,
entertainment.,features and sport.
Solution
//Name this css file as style.css
@charset \"utf-8\";
/* General */
body {
margin:0px;
font-size:12px;
background-color:#ffffea;
}
body * {
outline:none;
}
.float {
float:left;
}
body form {
margin:0px;
}
#page {
width:100%;
background-image:url(images/body_bg2.png);
background-repeat:repeat-x;
}
#wrapper {
width:966px;
margin:0px auto 0px auto;
}
#left {
width:12px;
height:219px;
background-image:url(images/left_effect.png);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:0px 157px;
}
#center {
width:942px;
}
#right {
width:12px;
height:219px;
background-image:url(images/right_effect.png);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:0px 157px;
}
/* Header */
#header {
padding:2px 0px 2px 0px;
}
#search {
width:50%;
float:left;
}
.search_field {
height:18px;
border:1px solid #e3c6c4;
}
#top_links {
width:40%;
float:right;
margin:4px 0px 4px 0px;
font-family:Georgia, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
#top_links * a {
color:#FFF;
text-decoration:none;
}
#top_links ul {
padding:0px;
margin:0px;
float:right;
}
#top_links ul li {
list-style:none;
margin-left:15px;
float:left;
}
#logo {
width:222px;
margin-right:16px;
margin-top:15px;
font-family:Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;
color:#000;
line-height:25px;
text-align:center;
}
#logo a {
background-image:url(images/logo.png);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
width:202px;
height:72px;
margin-right:auto;
margin-left:auto;
display:block;
}
#top_ad {
width:374px;
margin-right:21px;
margin-top:15px;
height:90px;
}
#today_quote {
width:309px;
margin-top:15px;
}
#quote {
width:219px;
text-align:right;
margin-right:5px;
padding:5px;
font-size:14px;
}
/*Middle*/
#middle {
border-top:1px solid #df202d;
border-left:1px solid #df202d;
border-right:1px solid #df202d;
}
.scroller {
background-color:#fef407;
height:22px;
width:auto;
color:#959595;
font-family:Georgia, \'Times New Roman\', Times, serif;
line-height:22px;
padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;
}
#main_menu {
width:100%;
font-family:Georgia, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
line-height:29px;
font-size:12px;
text-transform:uppercase;
background-image:url(images/body_bg2.png);
background-repeat:repeat-x;
background-position:top;
background-color:#c0010e;
height:30px;
}
#main_menu * a {
color:#FFF;
text-decoration:none;
}
#main_menu ul {
padding:0px;
margin:0px;
width:100%;
text-align:center;
}
#main_menu ul li {
list-style:none;
margin:0px 10px;
display:inline-block;
}
/*Three Columns*/
/* column container */
.colmask {
position:relative; /* This fixes the IE7 overflow hidden bug */
clear:both;
float:left;
width:100%; /* width of whole page */
overflow:hidden; /* This chops off any overhanging divs */
}
/* common column settings */
.colright, .colmid, .colleft {
float:left;
width:100%; /* width of .
Case study Job Satisfaction in the Banking Industry Or the logisti.pdf
Case study: Job Satisfaction in the Banking Industry: Or the logistical nightmare of conducting
large scale quantitative research
Job characteristics are believed to have an impact on stress and well-being at work (Karasek&
Theorell, 1990). The demands of the job on the one hand and theextentto which you have control
over your own activities (decision latitude) on the other, are two factors which together define
how stressful a job is. Those jobs which are high demand, but offer limited control, are
considered to be high-strain and carry an increased risk of job dissatisfaction, stress and burnout.
Based on this theoretical framework, the Union of Belgian Banks sent out a research call to
several institutions, with a bidding process based on criteria such as quality of the proposal,
timing, and – above all – budget. The aim of the research was to carry out quantitative research
to measure the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction in all Belgian banks
(seeCambréet al., forthcoming). But in order to do this effectively, several methodological issues
needed to be resolved during the research process.
First of all, aresearch consortiumwas selected to conduct the research, or more precisely, the two
highest ranked bidders were asked to jointly undertake the research. This was the outcome of a
political decision by the banks (see also p. 142, ‘Affiliation and conflicts of interest’),since the
employers preferred one partner and the unions (employee representatives) preferred the other.
The two competing research institutes, a private company specialising in stress at work and
theKatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven (Belgium), were required to co-operate and develop a level of
trust in order to conduct the research. For example, both research institutes had different ideas as
to which scale should be used in the questionnaire. They could not just combine the scales or
include both scales, simply because they are supposed to measure the same concept.
Furthermore, this would also make the questionnaire too complex. Therefore, the research
institutes had to combine their knowledge, look for compromises and jointly work on a shared
vision, which is, to say the least, rather time consuming.
A second obstacle that needed to be overcome was thesample(see Chapter 7). Intotal, 69,000
employees work for Belgian banks and it was decided that questioning all employees would be
too complicated and too expensive. Therefore the research committee, consisting of
representatives of the banks, the unions and the research consortium, opted for a cross-sectional
design (p. 45) with a fixed sample of 15,000 employees (roughly 21%; see p. 187 ‘Absolute and
relative sample size’).
In this sample, the small banks were over-represented in order to be able to make conclusions at
the level of each bank. Within each bank, the respondents were selected at random with no
particular quota for gender, age or employee level. In the postal survey (see p.231 ‘Self-
co.
You are constructing working models of the heart for extra credit You.pdf
You are constructing working models of the heart for extra credit Your first attempt failed
because the cells separated from each other during beating. What structures did you omit, and
why did this allow the heart to fall apart? You omitted the gap junctions in your second attempt
How would a real heart fail to function normally without gap junctions?
Solution
Ans. In first attempet the page maker is missing.
In the heart, crevice intersections assume a vital part in motivation conduction. Concentrates in
the course of the most recent decade have uncovered that hole intersections are encoded by a
multigene family known as the connexins. Crevice intersection correspondence (GJC) interceded
by connexins is basic for heart function.Heart will get to obtaine these capacity and quit working..
why does countercurrent flow yields greater oxygen uptake than concu.pdf
why does countercurrent flow yields greater oxygen uptake than concurrent flow? Mention
diffusion.
Solution
Answer:
The orientation of medium is perpendicular to the flow of blood in countercurrent flow so that it
is leading to higher efficiency of oxygen diffusion to medium flow at differential points whereas
in concurrent flow, medium is synchronous and parallel to the flow of blood so that the rate of
diffusion from the alveoli to blood capillaries are lower. The both bloodstreams are going to
move in a similar or simultaneous pathway. The concurrent flow yields intermediate in transfer
efficiency with multivillous oxygen diffusion main found in humans and sheep.
Wind Shear can be defined in the horizontal plane as well as the vert.pdf
Wind Shear can be defined in the horizontal plane as well as the vertical plane (True/False)
Solution
True
Wind shear, sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or
direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally
described as either vertical or horizontal wind shear.
Horizontal Plane :Horizontal wind shear is a change in wind speed with change in lateral
position for a given altitude.
Vertical Plane :Vertical wind shear is a change in wind speed or direction with change in
altitude..
While hiking on some small islands in Lake Superior, you stumble acr.pdf
While hiking on some small islands in Lake Superior, you stumble across a small frog. Thinking
about your respective evolutionary histories, what is a likely homology between you and this
animal:
Number of limbs
External fertillization
Amniotic egg
Four-chambered heart
Live birth
Solution
ANS: A. Number of limbs.
Explanation:
According to the evolution, comparative anatomy of limb bone structure (pentadactyl ,5 digit) is
same in most vertebrates. It is called homology. Homologies clearly indicate the phenomenon of
common ancestry.
Like humans frogs also contains same bone structure. They are….
Arms:
Like Human arms, frog front leg bones are called as humerus, radius and ulna (radius and ulna
are fused into one bone).
Legs:
Like Human legs, frog femur supports its upper leg and lower leg bone (tibia and fibula, are
fused).
And also frog contains two scapulae (shoulder blades), and clavicles (collarbones) like human..
Which phyla have megaphylls Bryophyta Monilophyta Coniferophyta .pdf
Which phyla have megaphylls? Bryophyta Monilophyta Coniferophyta Anthophyta Which
phyla have parenchyma cells? Bryophyta Monilophyta Coniferophyta Anthophyta Which
phyla have phloem cells? Bryophyta Monilophyta Coniferophyta Anthophyta
Solution
Ans 1: Monilophyta (Phyla have megaphylls)
Ans 2: Anthophyta (Phyla have parenchyma cells)
Ans 3: Bryophyta (phyla have phloem cells).
Where do endocyotic vesicles come fromA. Plasma membranceB. Nuc.pdf
Where do endocyotic vesicles come from?
A. Plasma membrance
B. Nuclear membrance
C. Smooth ER
D. Lysosome
Solution
Answer: A. plasma membrane
Reason:
Cells are going to ingest fluid, molecules, and waste particles Clathrin mediated endocytosis
result in internalization of the receptor further leading these receptors to be degraded by
lysosomal endosome formation when there is not ligand to bound. This endocytosis process is
going to produce endocytic vesicles from localized regions of the plasma membrane through
invagination.
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In the following list, which term is least related to the others tr.pdf
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If your organization is going to apply for a grant, when do you thin.pdf
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Each letter in the word Massachusetts is written on a card. The card.pdf
Each letter in the word Massachusetts is written on a card. The card.pdf
Below is the question I need help with. It need to be done in Java. .pdf
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Css code for a awoko newspaper html website which provides busines.pdf
Css code for a awoko newspaper html website which provides busines.pdf
Case study Job Satisfaction in the Banking Industry Or the logisti.pdf
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Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
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Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Instagram:-
https://instagram.com/special_education_needs_01?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
WhatsApp:-
https://chat.whatsapp.com/JVakNIYlSV94x7bwunO3Dc
YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@special_education_needs
Teligram :- https://t.me/special_education_needs
Slide Shere :-
https://www.slideshare.net/shabnambano20?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
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