Watson - a super computer, presentation is based on a super computer made by IBM basically to play Jeopardy! quiz show. This is made by me in order to present it in my final Seminar presentation.

1. BE - 3rd Year
Information Technology
A. D. Patel Institute of Technology
Prepared by:
Utsav Patel - 120010116017
Harshil Darji - 120010110645

2. CONTENTS
History
Description
• Software
• Hardware
• Data
Operation
Future Application
• Health care
• IBM Watson Group
FIVE WAYS WATSON WILL CHANGE COMPUTING

3. HISTORY
Since Deep Blue's victory over Garry Kasparov in chess in 1997, IBM had been on the
hunt for a new challenge.
IBM Research executive Paul Horn backed Lickel up, pushing for someone in his
department to take up the challenge of playing Jeopardy! with an IBM system.
In competitions managed by the United States government, Watson's predecessor, a
system named Piquant, was usually able to respond correctly to only about 35% of clues
and often required several minutes to respond.
To compete successfully on Jeopardy!, Watson would need to respond in no more than a
few seconds, and at that time.
The IBM team was given three to five years and a staff of 15 people to solve the
problems. By February 2010, Watson could beat human Jeopardy! contestants on a
regular basis.

4. DESCRIPTION
Watson is an artificially intelligent computer system capable of answering questions
posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led
by principal investigator David Ferrucci.
Watson was named after IBM's first CEO and industrialist Thomas J. Watson.
The computer system was specifically developed to answer questions on the quiz show
Jeopardy!
Watson had access to 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content
consuming four terabytes of disk storage including the full text of Wikipedia, but was not
connected to the Internet during the game.
Basically it consist of Software, Hardware, Data which is explained in upcoming slides.

5. SOFTWARE:
Watson uses IBM's DeepQA software and the Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information
Management Architecture) framework. The system was written in various languages,
including Java, C++, and Prolog, and runs on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
operating system using Apache Hadoop framework to provide distributed computing.
HARDWARE:
The system is workload optimized, integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors
and being built on IBM's DeepQA technology, which it uses to generate hypotheses,
gather massive evidence, and analyze data. Watson is composed of a cluster of ninety
IBM Power 750 servers, each of which uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight core processor,
with four threads per core. In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor cores and
has 16 terabytes of RAM.

6. DATA:
The sources of information for Watson include encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri,
newswire articles, and literary works. Watson has also used databases, taxonomies, and
ontologies.
The IBM team provided Watson with millions of documents, including dictionaries,
encyclopedias, and other reference material that it could use to build its knowledge .
It contained 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four
terabytes of disk storage, including the full text of Wikipedia.
Watson was not connected to the Internet during the game to play a honest game with
participated humans and other computers.
We can set the intelligence of Watson according to requirement to play against kids,
adults and computers.

7. OPERATION
When playing Jeopardy! all players must wait until host Alex Trebek reads each clue in
its entirety, after which a light is lit as a "ready" signal; the first to activate their buzzer
button wins the chance to respond.
Watson received the clues as electronic texts at the same moment they were made
visible to the human players.
It would then parse the clues into different keywords and sentence fragments in order to
find statistically related phrases.
Its ability to quickly execute thousands of proven language analysis algorithms
simultaneously helps WATSON to find the correct answer.
The more algorithms that find the same answer independently the more likely Watson is
to be correct.
After finding correct answer, Watson speaks with an electronic voice and gives the
responses in Jeopardy!'s question format.

8. FUTURE APPLICATION
According to IBM, “The goal is to have computers start to interact in natural human terms
across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans
ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify.”
It has been suggested by Robert C. Weber, IBM's general counsel, that Watson may be
used for legal research.
The company also intends to use Watson in other information-intensive fields, such as
telecommunications, financial services, and government .
The other future applications are as follows:
1. Health care
2. IBM Watson Group

9. HEALTH CARE:
In healthcare, Watson's natural language, hypothesis generation, and evidence-based
learning capabilities allow it to function as a clinical decision support system for use by
medical professionals.
Watson helps physicians in the treatment of their patients, once a doctor has posed a
query to the system describing symptoms and other related factors, Watson first parses
the input to identify the most important pieces of information; then mines patient data to
find facts relevant to the patient's medical and hereditary history; then examines
available data sources to form and test hypotheses; and finally provides a list of
individualized, confidence-scored recommendations.
The sources of data that Watson uses for analysis can include treatment guidelines,
electronic medical record data, notes from doctors and nurses, research materials,
clinical studies, journal articles, and patient information.

10. IBM WATSON GROUP:
On January 9, 2014 IBM announced it is creating a business unit around Watson, led by
senior vice president Michael Rhodin. IBM Watson Group will have headquarters in New
York's Silicon Alley and will employ 2,000 people. IBM has invested $1 billion to get the
division going.
Watson Group will develop three new cloud-delivered services: Watson Discovery
Advisor, Watson Analytics, and Watson Explorer:
• Watson Discovery Advisor will focus on research and development projects in
pharmaceutical industry, publishing and biotechnology.
• Watson Analytics will focus on Big Data visualization and insights on the basis of
natural language questions posed by business users.
• Watson Explorer will focus on helping enterprise users uncover and share data-driven
insights more easily.

11. FIVE WAYS WATSON WILL CHANGE COMPUTING
Watson, IBM’s artificial intelligence computing platform, is changing the way we
compute:
1. Watson Will Make Your Doctor Smarter:
• To do so, IBM is feeding Watson massive amounts of texts and records to make it
“smarter.”
• “Doctors are trained on a set of information in med school and go through internships
and residencies.
• But when they’re practicing, they only have so much time to catch up with new
information.
• When you add in something like low cost DNA sequencing in genomics, it's simply
overwhelming,” Rhodin says. Doctors and nurses are already using Watson in the
field, and soon it will become an even more reliable advisor.

12. 2. Watson Will Transform Entire Industries:
• Rhodin confirmed that IBM is considering the oil and gas industries as potential
Watson consumers. Another job listing for a product manager confirms that IBM
wants to position Watson in government and the financial sector.
• Rhodin cites wealth management as one category he sees a particular niche for
Watson in.
• As a company, IBM is far more comfortable dealing with enterprise customers and
large corporate or institutional clients than the consumer market, which it traditionally
has had issues reaching. Early Watson efforts have been concentrated on health
care, which is a perfect example of an industry dominated by relatively few
institutional players. Rhodin told me the company wants to hire anyone who, as he
puts it, “has domain level expertise.”

13. 3. Watson Could Think Like A Human:
• The backend of Watson—the servers, software architecture, and API which allow
developers to build apps, relies on a process called “cognitive computing.”
• In layman’s terms, cognitive computing allows software to mimic perceptive,
cognitive, and interactive aspects of the human brain.
• Earlier this month, IBM announced a $3 billion R&D investment in computer
hardware that mimics the human brain.
• In an increasingly cloud-driven world where diverse arrays of companies rely on a
remote infrastructure (See: Amazon Web Services, Salesforce, and the Google
ecosystem), IBM is positioning themselves as a major player for cognitive software.

14. 4. Watson Will Be Inside Your Phones, Tablets, And Toys:
• IBM held a Watson mobile challenge at this year’s Mobile World Congress as a way
of finding case studies for Watson outside of desktop computers.
• The three winners were a tablet based trainer for in-store retail personnel called Red
Ant, a personal health care wellness assistance tool called GenieMD, and a
company called Majestyk Apps which made a prototype stuffed animal called FANG
(Friendly Anthromorphic Network Genome).
• There has been speculation by many industry observers that the recent Apple-IBM
partnership could ease the way for iOS developers to work in the Watson ecosystem.
But as we’re about to see, IBM is already laying plans for a massive Watson
ecosystem.

15. 5. Tomorrow's Programmers Are Building Apps For Watson:
• One thing Rhodin seemed especially happy about during the interview was IBM’s
work building partnerships with universities to steer developers towards Watson.
• Rhodin told Fast Company that this fall, 10 U.S. universities would begin offering
Watson-based computing classes including Carnegie Mellon, Ohio State, the
University of Texas-Austin, the University of Michigan and New York University.
• As he put it, “A large number of top schools in North America will train people on how
to build cognitive applications and be the next generation of cognitive entrepreneurs
in market.”
• IBM has also been giving outsiders access to Watson’s API (though applicants have
complained of a glacial pace in approvals) to build out applications across a variety
of industries.

16. “All the problems of the world could be settled
easily if men were only willing to think.”
- Thomas J. Watson
Reference: www.wikipedia.org | www.fastcompany.com
. . . T h a n k Y o u . . .