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IBM’s Watson




Holland Davey, Jana Babouder-Matta,
Chris Honeycutt, David Burr
Introduction


   • Super Computer developed by IBM Research
   • Named for IMB’s founder: Thomas J. Watson
   • Initially created for Jeopardy! Game Show
   • Dr. David Ferrucci leads the Watson project
Development

• Search engines deliver thousands of results that
  match keywords
• University’s have worked on a consistent question
  answering software for years
• Programmed by 25 IBM scientists
• Not connected to the internet
Jeopardy! Challenge


    • Set out to answer complex Jeopardy!
      Questions
    • Language is hard for computers because of
      “intended meaning”
    • During trials, it won 70% of practice games
Jeopardy! Challenge
• February 2011: First computer to compete against humans
  in Jeopardy!
• Defeated shows greatest two champions Ken Jennings and
  Brad Rutter
Could YOU beat Watson?




  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpKoIfTu
  krA&feature=related
Purpose of Watson

   • Idea formed during IBM top executives
     brainstorming publicity stunts
   • Deep Blue– chess supercomputer defeated Garry
     Kasparov
   • IBM’s previous most advanced machine was slow
     and inaccurate
   • Overall goal: “to create a new generation of
     technology that can find answers from data more
     effectively than current search engines”
Technology


   • Question-answering Technology
   • Deep understanding of natural language.
     – Process and answer complex questions
       that have puns, irony, and/or riddles
Technology

 • Computer running Software called Deep QA
 • Runs on cluster of Power 750 computers
    – ten racks holding 90 servers, for a total of 2880
      processor cores running DeepQA software and
      storage
    – Holds approximately one million books worth of
      information
How does Watson answer a question?
The Process




    Step 1:


              Question Analysis
The Process




   Step 2:


         Hypothesis Generation
The Process




   Step 3:

       Hypothesis and Evidence
              Scoring
The Process




    Step 4:

         Final Merging and Ranking
This process takes a total of
A little more in-depth
Watson’s Future

• Commercial Product




          http://www-
          03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/what-is-
          watson/watson-after-jeopardy.html
Words from John Kelly, Director of IBM Research:
“I want to create something that I can
take into every other retail industry, in
the transportation industry, you name
it.”




                     “Any place where time is critical and you need to
                     get advanced state-of-the-art information to the
                     front decision-makers. Computers need to go
                     from just being back-office calculating machines
                     to improving the intelligence of people making
                     decisions.”
Beyond Jeopardy


 • Medical Assistant: Memorial Sloan Kettering
   Cancer Center Partnership (March 2012)
   – Clinicians will “teach” Watson to review
     oncological case histories and come up with
     best diagnosis and treatment
Managerial Purposes


 • Financial Assistant: Working with Citi Bank
    – Help analyze customer needs
    – Process financial, economic, product, and client
      data
    – Help financial professionals make better decision
 • Could IBM Watson rival complex derivatives on the
   trade floor?
Other Possibilities?


    • Travel
    • Retail
    • Healthcare
    • Classroom
Advantages

   • Provides Services that revolve around the
     new, digital world
   • Gives immediate answers instead of
     search results
   • Healthcare uses
      – Diagnosis
      – Information Warehouse
   • Efficiency and Organization
Disadvantages

  • Cannot read PET and CT scans to identify tumors
  • Questions asked must be in text
  • Less human effort
     – Too reliant upon technology
     – Less personal interaction between doctors and
       patients
  • Not cognitive
     – Only manipulates symbols
  • Limits understanding and reasoning behind decisions
Competition

• Thus far there are no other computers that are near the
  performance level of Watson
• Microsoft and GE announced plans to create something
  similar to use in the healthcare industry
   – Aim to use analytics, high performance software
     technologies to deliver patient outcomes and clinical
     applications
Applications to SIT

 • New technology for a business’ Decision Making
   Processes
    – Organizational structure may shift based on
      allocation of decision making
 • Potentially eliminates the needs/advantages of
   Virtual Teams (especially in healthcare)
 • Changes Knowledge Management Processes
Discussion Question #1

• What do you think about the future of
  this product, and the potential to have a
  super computer with voice recognition
  software? Could this lead to an
  iRobot/personal assistant?
Discussion Question #2



• Could this eliminate the use for the
  education system all together?
Discussion Question #3


• If you were a manager at a business, would you
  trust using Watson with decision making, or do you
  feel human decision making still is a more reliable
  source?

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Ibm's watson

  • 1. IBM’s Watson Holland Davey, Jana Babouder-Matta, Chris Honeycutt, David Burr
  • 2. Introduction • Super Computer developed by IBM Research • Named for IMB’s founder: Thomas J. Watson • Initially created for Jeopardy! Game Show • Dr. David Ferrucci leads the Watson project
  • 3. Development • Search engines deliver thousands of results that match keywords • University’s have worked on a consistent question answering software for years • Programmed by 25 IBM scientists • Not connected to the internet
  • 4. Jeopardy! Challenge • Set out to answer complex Jeopardy! Questions • Language is hard for computers because of “intended meaning” • During trials, it won 70% of practice games
  • 5. Jeopardy! Challenge • February 2011: First computer to compete against humans in Jeopardy! • Defeated shows greatest two champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter
  • 6. Could YOU beat Watson? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpKoIfTu krA&feature=related
  • 7. Purpose of Watson • Idea formed during IBM top executives brainstorming publicity stunts • Deep Blue– chess supercomputer defeated Garry Kasparov • IBM’s previous most advanced machine was slow and inaccurate • Overall goal: “to create a new generation of technology that can find answers from data more effectively than current search engines”
  • 8. Technology • Question-answering Technology • Deep understanding of natural language. – Process and answer complex questions that have puns, irony, and/or riddles
  • 9.
  • 10. Technology • Computer running Software called Deep QA • Runs on cluster of Power 750 computers – ten racks holding 90 servers, for a total of 2880 processor cores running DeepQA software and storage – Holds approximately one million books worth of information
  • 11. How does Watson answer a question?
  • 12. The Process Step 1: Question Analysis
  • 13. The Process Step 2: Hypothesis Generation
  • 14. The Process Step 3: Hypothesis and Evidence Scoring
  • 15. The Process Step 4: Final Merging and Ranking
  • 16. This process takes a total of
  • 17. A little more in-depth
  • 18. Watson’s Future • Commercial Product http://www- 03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/what-is- watson/watson-after-jeopardy.html
  • 19. Words from John Kelly, Director of IBM Research: “I want to create something that I can take into every other retail industry, in the transportation industry, you name it.” “Any place where time is critical and you need to get advanced state-of-the-art information to the front decision-makers. Computers need to go from just being back-office calculating machines to improving the intelligence of people making decisions.”
  • 20. Beyond Jeopardy • Medical Assistant: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Partnership (March 2012) – Clinicians will “teach” Watson to review oncological case histories and come up with best diagnosis and treatment
  • 21.
  • 22. Managerial Purposes • Financial Assistant: Working with Citi Bank – Help analyze customer needs – Process financial, economic, product, and client data – Help financial professionals make better decision • Could IBM Watson rival complex derivatives on the trade floor?
  • 23. Other Possibilities? • Travel • Retail • Healthcare • Classroom
  • 24. Advantages • Provides Services that revolve around the new, digital world • Gives immediate answers instead of search results • Healthcare uses – Diagnosis – Information Warehouse • Efficiency and Organization
  • 25. Disadvantages • Cannot read PET and CT scans to identify tumors • Questions asked must be in text • Less human effort – Too reliant upon technology – Less personal interaction between doctors and patients • Not cognitive – Only manipulates symbols • Limits understanding and reasoning behind decisions
  • 26. Competition • Thus far there are no other computers that are near the performance level of Watson • Microsoft and GE announced plans to create something similar to use in the healthcare industry – Aim to use analytics, high performance software technologies to deliver patient outcomes and clinical applications
  • 27. Applications to SIT • New technology for a business’ Decision Making Processes – Organizational structure may shift based on allocation of decision making • Potentially eliminates the needs/advantages of Virtual Teams (especially in healthcare) • Changes Knowledge Management Processes
  • 28. Discussion Question #1 • What do you think about the future of this product, and the potential to have a super computer with voice recognition software? Could this lead to an iRobot/personal assistant?
  • 29. Discussion Question #2 • Could this eliminate the use for the education system all together?
  • 30. Discussion Question #3 • If you were a manager at a business, would you trust using Watson with decision making, or do you feel human decision making still is a more reliable source?

Editor's Notes

  1. 2:30-4:20 of video clip
  2. 3:15