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sBD07
   IBM Watson: How it Works
   and What it Means for Society
   Beyond Winning Jeopardy!

   Tony Pearson
   IBM Master Inventor and Senior
   Managing Consultant




#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
In 2011, the IBM Watson computer was
    able to beat the top-earning human
    winners on the trivia game-show
    “Jeopardy!” Presenter Tony Pearson,
    author of "How to Build Your Own
    Watson Jr. in Your Basement," will
    explain how the IBM Watson system
    was put together, how it works, and
    what examples of text mining and big
    data analytics means for society as we
    apply technology to meet
    tomorrow's challenges.




#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Sessions -- Tony Pearson
   • Monday
           – 1:00pm           Storing Archive Data for Compliance Challenges
           – 4:15pm           IBM Watson: What it Means for Society
   • Tuesday
           – 4:15pm           Using Social Media: Birds of a Feather (BOF)
   • Wednesday
           – 9:00am           Data Footprint Reduction: IBM Storage options
           – 2:30pm           IBM's Storage Strategy in the Smarter Computing era
           – 4:15pm           IBM SONAS and the Cloud Storage Taxonomy
   • Thursday
           – 9:00am IBM Watson: What it Means for Society
           – 10:30am Tivoli Storage Productivity Center Overview
           – 5:30pm IBM Edge “Free for All” hosted by Scott Drummond


                                                                                    3
#IBMEDGE       © 2012 IBM Corporation
Today’s Information Challenge

                         Data volume is expanding at an incredible rate
                         …Data will grow 800% in the next five years
                         …Unstructured data growing faster than structured

                         Data is getting more social
                         …20M articles on Wikipedia
                         …30B pieces of Facebook content are shared monthly
                         …There are 156M public blogs

                           An estimated 2 billion people are now on the Web
                           … and a trillion connected objects – cars, appliances,
                           cameras, roadways, pipelines

                                                                                    4
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Dying of Thirst in an Ocean of Data

                90%                                        80%                     20%
       of the world’s data                             of the world’s         amount of available
       was created in the                              data today is            data traditional
          last two years                               unstructured            systems leverages




          1 in 2                                                    83%                  54%
  Business leaders don’t                           CIO’s cited BI and analytics       Companies use
   have access to data                              as part of their visionary         analytics for
        they need                                              plan                competitive advantage

Source: GigaOM, Software Group, IBM Institute for Business Value"
                                                                                                           5
#IBMEDGE            © 2012 IBM Corporation
What if an enterprise had all the
answers it needs to succeed?




                                      Can we design a computing
                                     system that rivals a human’s
                                    ability to retrieve, analyze and
                                       interpret vast amounts of
                                              information?




                                                                       6
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
The Jeopardy! Challenge:
A compelling and notable way to drive and measure the technology of
automatic Question Answering along 5 Key Dimensions

            $200                                      $1000
  If you're standing, it's the              The first person mentioned
direction you should look to                by name in ‘The Man in the      1.   Broad Domain
 check out the wainscoting.                 Iron Mask’ is this hero of a    2.   Complex Language
                                            previous book by the same
                                                                            3.   High Precision
                                                       author.
                                                                            4.   Accurate Confidence
                                                                            5.   High Speed

            $600                                      $2000
                                            This actor, Audrey’s husband
  In cell division, mitosis
                                            from 1954 to 1968, directed
    splits the nucleus &
                                             her as Rima the bird girl in
   cytokinesis splits this                        ‘Green Mansions’
   liquid cushioning the
           nucleus




                                                                                                       7
 #IBMEDGE          © 2012 IBM Corporation
The Plan: Compete against Humans
to Demonstrate Technology




                                    8
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Do you Remember IBM Deep Blue?


                                    •Chess
                                     – A finite, mathematically well-defined search space
                                     – Limited number of moves and states
                                     – All the symbols are completely grounded in the
                                       mathematical rules of the game



                                    •Human Language
                                     – Words by themselves convey different meanings
                                     – Only grounded in human cognition
                                     – Words navigate, align and communicate an infinite
                                       space of intended meaning
                                     – Computers can not ground words to human
                                       experiences to derive meaning


                                                                                            9
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Why is it so hard for computers to
understand humans?
                               Structured Data                         Unstructured Data

                            Physicist          Birth Place       “One day, from among his city
Where was                A. Einstein               Ulm             views of Ulm, Otto chose a
                                                                  water color to send to Albert
 Einstein                   N. Bohr          Copenhagen          Einstein as a remembrance of
   born?                   M. Curie             Warsaw                Einstein´s birthplace”
                           Source: Spreadsheet, Database, etc.   Source: http://www.schaeffenacker-ulm.de/en/otto.html



                             Person           Organization

                          L. Gerstner              IBM             “If leadership is an art then
                                                                  surely Jack Welch has proved
 Welch ran                  J. Welch                GE           himself a master painter during
   this?                   W. Gates            Microsoft                 his tenure at GE”

                                                                    Source: Jack Welch and the GE Way, Robert Slater
                          Source: Spreadsheet, Database, etc.
                                                                                        Source: IBM Research



                                                                                                                         10
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Informed Decision Making:
 Search vs. Expert Q&A
                                                            Expert
                                                      Understands Question
               Decision Maker
               Asks NL Question               Produces Possible Answers & Evidence

                                             Analyzes Evidence, Computes Confidence
       Considers Answer & Evidence

                                             Delivers Response, Evidence & Confidence

               Decision Maker
                  Has Question                        Search Engine

             Distills to 2-3 Keywords          Finds Documents containing Keywords


     Reads Documents, Finds Matches           Delivers Documents based on Popularity

            Finds & Analyzes Evidence


                                                                                        11
 #IBMEDGE           © 2012 IBM Corporation
11
Computers in SciFi Movies…
Lots of Lights and Cardboard!
IBM Watson….Lots of Work!




                                    12
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Unstructured Information
 Management Architecture (UIMA)
                         To date, UIMA is the only industry standard for content analytics.
                         Developed by IBM, it is now an OASIS standard, with source code
                         for reference implementation kept by Apache Software Foundation.


Question                                                               1000’s of
                                            100s Possible                              100,000’s scores from many simultaneous
                                                                  Pieces of Evidence           Text Analysis Algorithms
                         100s sources         Answers
           Multiple
       Interpretations

Question &                                                                                                        Final Confidence
                    Question                Hypothesis               Hypothesis and
  Topic                                                                                         Synthesis            Merging &
                  Decomposition             Generation              Evidence Scoring
 Analysis                                                                                                             Ranking

                                   Hypothesis               Hypothesis and Evidence
                                   Generation                      Scoring
                                                                                                                     Answer &
                                                                                                                    Confidence
                                                      ...


                                                                                                                                 13
 #IBMEDGE          © 2012 IBM Corporation
Answering Precision, circa 2006
                          Each dot represents an actual historical human Jeopardy! game




                        Winning Human
                        Winning Human
                         Performance
                         Performance
                                                                             Grand Champion
                                                                             Grand Champion
                                       Computers, circa 2006
                                       Computers, circa 2006                     Human
                                                                                  Human
                                                                               Performance
                                                                               Performance




                                                                                              14
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
DeepQA: Progress in Answering
                                IBM Watson
Precision              Playing in the Winners Cloud



                                                                                     v0.8 11/10

                                                                                            V0.7 04/10

                                       v0.6 10/09
                                                    v0.5 05/09
                                                         v0.4 12/08
                                                                      v0.3 08/08

                                                                                   v0.2 05/08
                                              v0.1 12/07




           Baseline 12/06


                                                                                                         15
#IBMEDGE      © 2012 IBM Corporation
Precision / Confidence & Speed
• Deep Analytics – Combining many analytics in a
 novel architecture, we achieved very high levels of
 Precision and Confidence over a huge variety of
 content.




• Speed – By optimizing Watson’s computation for
 Jeopardy! on 2,880 POWER7 processing cores we
 went from 2 hours per question on a single CPU to an
 average of just 3 seconds.

• Results – in 55 real-time sparring games against
 former Tournament of Champion Players in 2010,
 Watson put on a very competitive performance in all
 games -- placing 1st in 71% of the them!
                                                        16
  #IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
IBM Watson vs. Wolfram Alpha




Source: http://www.quora.com/IBM-Watson/Whats-the-system-architecture-of-the-IBM-Watson

#IBMEDGE                  © 2012 IBM Corporation
Real-Time Game Configuration
                                                                                       Insulated and
 Clue Grid                                                                             Self-Contained

                              Human Player
                                  1

                                             Decisions to                                Watson’s
                                             Buzz and Bet
                                                                                         QA Engine
                                                                     Clue &
                                                  Strategy
                                                                    Category
                                                Watson’s                                    2,880
  Jeopardy!                                       Game                                   IBM POWER7
    Game                                        Controller                                 Compute
   Control                                                             Answers &            Cores
                                                Text-to-Speech
   System                                                             Confidences
                                                                                          15 TB of
                                                                                          Memory

                              Human Player
                                  2                           Analysis of natural
                                                               language content
                                                             equivalent to 1 Million
                                                                    Books
              Clues, Scores & Other Game Data

                                                                                                      18
#IBMEDGE      © 2012 IBM Corporation
IBM Watson Components
                                                                      10 Frames of
                                                                      Hardware:
                                                                       • 88 Compute nodes
                       Decisions to
                                                                       • 2 Storage nodes
                                             Clue &
                       Buzz and Bet         Category                   • 4 SAS disk shelves
                           Strategy                                    • 10GbE Network
                        Watson’s                        Watson’s       • 80 TeraFLOPS
                          Game                          QA Engine
                        Controller                                    Software:
                         Text-to-Speech    Answers &       2,880
                                          Confidences   IBM POWER7     • SLES 11 Linux
                                                          Compute      • Clustered NFS
                                                           Cores       • GPFS file system
   Avatar -           Voice synthesis,
                                                           15 TB of    • Hadoop, UIMA-AS
   Apple Mac          strategies for betting,
                                                        DRAM memory    • 700 KLOC Java
   notebook           buzzing in, clue
                                                                       • 300 KLOC C++
                      selection &
                                                                      IBM Power750
                      exchanging info with
                                                                      servers (POWER7)
                      Jeopardy Computers
                      Windows 7
                      Lenovo desktop
                                                                                              19
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Storage in IBM Watson
    16 TB of DRAM memory              • Sources
                                         –   Encyclopedias
                                         –   Dictionaries
                                         –   Books and Web pages
                                         –   Quotations
                                         –   Wire News
    2 IBM Power750 servers
        • Clustered NFS                  –   Knowledge Bases
        • IBM GPFS file system           –   Lexical Database of English


                                      • Test and Training Data
    4 IBM EXP 12S disk shelves           – J! Archive
        • 48 x 450GB SAS drives
        • 10.4 TB of RAID-1 space
        • 1 TB of unstructured data
#IBMEDGE     © 2012 IBM Corporation
On February 14-16, 2011, IBM Watson changed history, introducing a
 system that rivaled a human’s ability to answer questions posed in
 natural language with speed, accuracy and confidence.

                                     Watson Wins!
                                     Largest Jeopardy! in 5 years
                                       34.5M Jeopardy! Viewers
                                       1.3B+ Impressions
                                     Over 10,000 Media Stories
                                     11,000 attend watch events
                                     2.5M+ Videos Views
                                     12,582 Twitter tweets
                                     25,763 Facebook Fans



                                                                      21
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Reflections on IBM Watson




#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
How to Build your Own Watson Jr.
In your Basement (eight steps)
                                                           1. Acquire Hardware

                                                           2. Establish Networking

                                                           3. Install Linux and Middleware

                                                           4. Download information sources


        Server 1:                       Server 2:              Server 3:
      Presentation                   Business Logic        File / Database
         Server                          Server                 Server

    This will be your                 This will be your     This will be your
   avatar interface to               compute node for     information source
   ask questions and                     analytics             repository
    display answers

                                                                                             23
#IBMEDGE    © 2012 IBM Corporation
How to Build your Own Watson Jr.
In your Basement (eight steps)
                                    5. Query Panel – Parsing the Question

                                    6. Implement Hadoop, UIMA with Java, C++ and XML

                                        •   This is the part we call in the industry
                                            a “Small Matter of Programming” (SMOP)

                                    7. UIMA-AS Parallel Processing
           Element                          # of Cores         Response
           Single core                      1                  2 hours
           3 Quad-Core servers              12                 10 minutes
           1 Frame (Watson)                 288                30 seconds
           IBM Watson                       2880               3 seconds

                                    8. Testing and Training

                                                                                       24
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
One Year Later –
IBM Watson by the numbers


                                    15   Million viewers watched the rerun of
                                         IBM Watson’s triumph on Jeopardy!




                                         386          Universities are collaborating
                                                      with IBM on Watson and
                                                      Analytics



                                           5      Members of U.S. Congress
                                                  that have competed against
                                                  Watson


                                          77      Thousand downloads of “How to
                                                  build your own Watson Jr. in
                                                  your basement”

                                                                                       25
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
IBM Watson brings together a set of
transformational technologies to
drive optimized outcomes            Generates and
           Understands                                   evaluates
               Natural                             hypothesis for
             Language                             better outcomes
             of human
               speech




                Adapts and
                                    …built on a massively parallel
               Learns from           probabilistic evidence-based
            user selections                           architecture
            and responses


                                                                 26
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Watson was built for Jeopardy!
     Can be enhanced for future applications
                   Early 2011                             Future
   Watson's current capabilities were       ...but future Watson enhancements are
constrained for Jeopardy! requirements...     possible with further development...

• English only                              • Multiple, varied users

• A single questioner per system            • More dynamic content updates
  instance
                                            • More/varied training data
• 3-second response time
                                            • Varied response times
• Static content
                                            • Additional languages
• Unstructured text

• Requires training data – history
  of questions and answers
                                                                                     27
 #IBMEDGE        © 2012 IBM Corporation
27    8/2/2011
IBM PureSystems




               IBM Watson                                      IBM PureFlex
                10 Frames                                        4 Frames


                                    60% Reduced Floor Space!

                                                                              28
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Transforming how Business Thinks,
 Acts, and Operates

            Healthcare                               Financial Services
            Diagnostic/treatment                      Investment and
            assistance, evidenced-                    retirement planning,
            based insights,                           institutional trading and
            collaborative medicine                    decision support



           Contact Center                             Government
           Call center and tech support               Public safety, improved
           services, enterprise                       information sharing,
           knowledge management,                      security
           consumer insight

             IBM Watson has the capabilities to address grand
                    business and societal challenges
                                                                                  29
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Healthcare Industry is beset with
complex information challenges

         Medical information
         is doubling every 5
         years, much of
         which is
         unstructured

         81% of physicians
         report spending 5
         hours or less per
         month reading
         medical journals

    Medicine has become too complex (and only) about 20 percent of the knowledge clinicians use
    today is evidence-based.”
                        --- Steven Shapiro, Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, UPMC
Source: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, DoctorDirectory.com, Institute for Medicine"
                                                                                                    30
#IBMEDGE                © 2012 IBM Corporation
Why is Watson Technology
ideal for Healthcare?
                                                              What condition has red eye, pain,
                                                               What condition has red eye, pain,
                          Interprets and understands          inflammation, blurred vision, floating
                                                               inflammation, blurred vision, floating
                          natural language questions          spots and sensitivity to light?
                                                               spots and sensitivity to light?

                                                              Physician Notes, Medical Journals,
                                                              Physician Notes, Medical Journals,
                                 Analyzes large volumes       Pathology results, Clinical Trials,
                                                              Pathology results, Clinical Trials,
                                    of unstructured data      Wikipedia, etc
                                                              Wikipedia, etc


                                     Quantifies degrees of    Uveitis
                                                               Uveitis                          91%
                                                                                                91%
                                    confidence in potential   Iritis
                                                               Iritis                           48%
                                                                                                48%
                                                  answers     Keratitis
                                                               Keratitis                        29%
                                                                                                29%


                                      Supports iterative      Family History, Physical Exam,
                                                              Family History, Physical Exam,
                               dialogue to refine results     Current Medications,
                                                              Current Medications,
                                                              etc.
                                                              etc.


                                  Adapts and learns to        New Clinical Recommendations.
                                                              New Clinical Recommendations.
                              improve results over time       New Drugs. Approved use of Drugs,
                                                              New Drugs. Approved use of Drugs,
                                                              etc.
                                                              etc.
Source: IBM Research, MI, SCIP, BCG analysis
#IBMEDGE                  © 2012 IBM Corporation
                   31
IBM Watson for Healthcare
                                              Medical Professionals and Patients

    • Improve quality of care
    • Reduce errors
    • Engage patients                    Watson-enabled Solutions from major
                                            healthcare solution providers
    • Improve audit trails
                                                                                                    • Private data
    • Improve efficiency                                     Customized Watson                      • Custom algorithms
                                                             Solution Appliance
    • Better utilize skills                                                                         • Custom applications

                                                                                                             • Advance
                                         Watson for Healthcare Service                                         Evidenced-based
                                         Patient   ... Differential ...   Second     ... Customized
                                                                                                               Care
                                         Workup          Diagnosis        Opinion        Solution
                                                                                                             • Foster a
                                                                                                               healthcare
    • Right content,                                       Watson Engine and Scoring and
                                                                                                               analytics
      right time                                                Confidence Models
                                        Evidence                                       Annotators              ecosystem
    • Best-practices to                   Data           Relationship     Training        and
                                                             Data           Data       Algorithms            • Capture value
      point of care
    • Capture value
                                                         Healthcare
                                                         Healthcare ... Benefits ...
                                                                          Benefits        Public
                                                                                           Public
                                        Publishers ...
                                         Publishers      Providers
                                                          Providers     Providers
                                                                         Providers        domain
                                                                                           domain


                                                                                                                                 32
#IBMEDGE       © 2012 IBM Corporation
Watson @ WellPoint

  • WellPoint & IBM agreement
  • WellPoint will develop and launch Waston-based solution
      –Help improve patient care
      –Provide delivery of up-to-date, evidence-based healthcare
  • IBM will develop the base Watson healthcare technology
  • Targeted implementation:
      – Physician Helper: Will be a consultant with the ability to analyze
       various inputs to help humans make a decision
      – Load Watson with medical data to analyze and identify conditions
           • Ranging from heart disease to cancer to diabetes.
           • Medical histories, test results, possible drug interactions and treatment
            options will be evaluated too.
      – Working with select physician groups in clinical spots


                                                                                         33
#IBMEDGE        © 2012 IBM Corporation
Seton Healthcare
• First client to utilize IBM Content and Predictive Analytics for
  Healthcare
     – Combines IBM's Watson technology with industry solutions offering
• Extract relevant clinical information from vast amounts of patient data
     –     Better analyze the past
     –     Understand the present
     –     Predict future outcomes
• Seton to focus on
     –     Determine root causes of hospital re-admissions
     –     Ways to decrease preventable multiple hospital visits

• Facts…
     – One in five patients suffer from preventable re-admissions
     – Represents $17.4 billion of the current $102.6 billion Medicare budget *
     – Beginning in 2012, hospitals are penalized for high re-admission rates with
       reductions in Medicare discharge payments
                                  * According to the New England Journal of Medicine
                                                                                       34
#IBMEDGE        © 2012 IBM Corporation
IBM Content and Predictive
Analytics for Healthcare:
                         • First of a kind solution for healthcare and available to help
                           healthcare organizations with transformation opportunities
                             – Integrates structured and unstructured data
                             – Applies predictive root cause analysis, natural language processing
                              (like IBM Watson), and built-in medical terminology support
                             – Identifies trends, patterns and deviations revealing clinical and
                              operational insights. It is a first of a kind solution for healthcare and
                              available to help healthcare organizations with transformation
                              opportunities.

                         • Pairs Content Analytics and SPSS Modeler Professional
                           with solution and healthcare industry specific medical
                           terminology support and services
                             – Synergistic solution to IBM Watson
                             – Healthcare solution that pairs natural language processing with
                              predictive root cause analysis.



                                                                                                      35
#IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
Financial services firms are
beset with complex information
challenges
  Reuters publishes the
  equivalent of 9000 pages of
  financial news every day1
  Five new research
  documents come out of Wall
  Street every minute1
  Asset managers receive up
  to 1,000 e-mails daily1



Sources: 1 - www.financial-domain.info/integrating-qualitative-and-quantitative-information/
         2- IBM Client experience with ForEx traders
         3 – Derived from NYSE data
                                                                                               36
#IBMEDGE             © 2012 IBM Corporation
Financial Services– Role based
use case examples
                                      Utilize more information, more
                                      effectively and efficiently, to support
                                      investment and credit decisions

  Institutional Investment Advisor


                                      Provide investment advice directly
                                      to retail investors and/or support
                                      advisors for high net worth clients

      Retail Financial Advisor

                                      Leverage superior capabilities
                                      for fraud detection and/or
                                      Compliance support

       Risk Management officer
                                                                                37
#IBMEDGE     © 2012 IBM Corporation
Citigroup

  • Announced plans to explore how Watson fits into the
    realm of digital banking
  • Citigroup will examine…
       – Watson's ability to “Help analyze customer needs”
       – Process vast amounts of up-to-the-minute financial, economic,
         product and client data,
       – Provide rapid, personalized banking solutions.
       – Watson's Deep-content analytics, Natural language processing
         and Evidence-based learning with how the company interacts
         with customers to advance digital banking
  • Watson's financial assistance will be provided as a
    “Cloud-based service"

                                                                     38
#IBMEDGE    © 2012 IBM Corporation
Need to rethink what it will take to
get ahead tomorrow




                                                Emerging IT
                                       •   Structured & unstructured (global)
   Traditional IT                      •
                                       •
                                           Probabilistic Applications
                                           Discovery Oriented
   •   Structured data (local)
                                       •   Big Data    Insights
   •   Deterministic Applications
                                       •   Natural Language
   •   Search Oriented
   •   Query    Results
   •   Machine Language
                                                                                39
#IBMEDGE      © 2012 IBM Corporation
Summary
• IBM Watson is...
     – A reasoning system that processes questions and answers in
       Natural Language, across structured and unstructured data
       sources, using Deep Analytics that learns for optimal results

• IBM Watson is not…
     – An advanced search engine, database retrieval system, our
       new computer overlord, or the beginning of Skynet

• IBM Watson works by...
     – Analyzing the question, generating hypotheses, evaluating
       evidence and presenting results scored by confidence level

• Which means that…
     – Society now has a new tool to help tackle some of the biggest
       information challenges in healthcare, financial services, etc.


#IBMEDGE    © 2012 IBM Corporation
Thank You!


    Session:                                 sBD07
    Presenter:                               Tony Pearson



#IBMEDGE
Intel, the Intel logo, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and /or other countries.
Learn more at:

           www.ibmwatson.com
           www.facebook.com/ibmwatson
           www.twitter.com/ibmwatson
           (Tweet hashtag #ibmwatson )
               www.youtube.com/ibm




                See Watson in action at an IBM Lab, Briefing
                    Center or Analytics Solution Center
#IBMEDGE     © 2012 IBM Corporation
Tony Pearson
                                                                                                        9000 S. Rita Road
About the Speaker                                                         Master Inventor,
                                                                                                        Bldg 9070 Mail 9070
                                                                                                        Tucson, AZ 85744
                                                                          Senior Managing
                                                                          Consultant
                           Mr. Tony Pearson                                                             +1 520-799-4309 (Office)
                           Master Inventor,                               IBM System Storage™
                                                                                                        tpearson@us.ibm.com
                           Senior Managing Consultant
                           IBM System Storage


 Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior managing consultant for the IBM System Storage™ product line. Tony joined
 IBM Corporation in 1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings on
 storage topics covering the entire System Storage product line, Tivoli storage software products, and topics related to Cloud
 Computing. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to help clients with
 strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization products.

 Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by hundreds of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners
 every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1
 most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage: Volume
 I through IV.

 Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and customer care positions for various storage hardware and
 software products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in
 Electrical Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. Tony holds 19 IBM patents for inventions on storage hardware and
 software products.

#IBMEDGE           © 2012 IBM Corporation
Additional Resources

                                     Email:
                                     tpearson@us.ibm.com

                                     Twitter:
                                     http://twitter.com/az99Øtony

                                     Blog:
                                     http://ibm.co/brAeZØ

                                     Books:
                                     http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/99Ø_tony

                                     IBM Expert Network:
                                     http://www.slideshare.net/az99Øtony




                                                                              44
 #IBMEDGE   © 2012 IBM Corporation
44
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to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance,
function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to
communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will
experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and
the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated
here.

Prices are suggested U.S. list prices and are subject to change without notice. Starting price may not include a hard drive, operating system or other features. Contact your
IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.

Photographs shown may be engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models.

References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country.




 #IBMEDGE                  © 2012 IBM Corporation