Waterdemineralization 160510120537
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Demineralization uses ion exchange to remove inorganic salts from water. Cation exchange resins convert dissolved salts to acids while anion exchange resins remove these acids, resulting in purified water. The demineralizer system uses cation and anion exchange resin columns that exchange hydrogen and hydroxide ions for raw water cations and anions. This ion exchange process produces fresh water while embedding the exchanged ions in the resins. The resins are later regenerated using hydrochloric or sulfuric acid for cations and sodium hydroxide for anions.
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Water demineralization process
This document discusses water demineralization using ion exchange. It explains that demineralization removes inorganic salts by using cation exchange resins to convert dissolved salts to acids and anion exchange resins to remove these acids. The purpose is to reduce conductivity and control pH. It describes how cation resins exchange hydrogen for raw water cations and anion resins exchange hydroxyl for anions. Together this forms water and embeds the anions in the resin, removing other weak acids. Cation resins are regenerated with acid then washing, and anion resins are regenerated with sodium hydroxide then washing.
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Acids are divided into two categories based on the ease with which they can donate protons to the solvent: i) strong acids and ii) weak acids
Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. The reaction of an acid with its solvent (typically H2O) is called an acid dissociation reaction.
Weak acids are acids that dissociate partially in water. The extent of dissociation is given by the equilibrium constant.
Note:
A measure of the relative strength of an acid is: i) the equilibrium constant ka of the dissociation reaction of the acid in water (depends on temperature) ii) the degree of dissociation α of the acid in water (depends on the concentration of the acid an on temperature).
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1. The document discusses acids and bases according to the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions. It describes the key characteristics of acids and bases and provides examples of strong and weak acids and bases.
2. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are discussed as double displacement reactions that produce water and a salt. Examples of reactions between acids and hydroxide or carbonate bases are provided.
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Acids are divided into two categories based on the ease with which they can donate protons to the solvent: i) strong acids and ii) weak acids
Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. The reaction of an acid with its solvent (typically H2O) is called an acid dissociation reaction.
Weak acids are acids that dissociate partially in water. The extent of dissociation is given by the equilibrium constant.
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This document discusses salt hydrolysis, buffers, and solubility products. It provides the following key points:
1. Salt hydrolysis occurs when a salt reacts with water to produce acid or base, usually from a strong acid and weak base or weak acid and strong base. The resulting salt will be acidic or basic depending on the parent acid and base.
2. Buffers resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added by containing both a weak acid and its salt or weak base and its salt. Common biological buffers are carbonic acid/hydrogen carbonate and dihydrogen phosphate/monohydrogen phosphate.
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2) Buffer solutions resist pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base through equilibria involving both acidic and basic components of comparable concentrations.
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The document discusses acids, bases, and pH. It defines ions as charged atoms or molecules, and explains that acids donate H+ ions to solutions while bases remove H+ ions, thereby making the solution more alkaline. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale from 0-14. Buffers help maintain pH levels in living cells by accepting or donating H+ ions when their levels fluctuate.
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The document discusses key concepts in chemistry including:
1. Buffered solutions resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added due to the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
2. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer to the concentration ratio of its conjugate base and acid.
3. Buffers contain relatively large amounts of a weak acid and its conjugate base, allowing added H+ or OH- ions to react without significantly changing the pH.
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Acids release H+ ions in water and have sour tastes, while bases release OH- ions in water and feel slippery. Strong acids and bases completely ionize in water, while weak acids and bases only partially ionize. Common strong acids include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, while strong bases include lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other through a reaction that produces water and a salt. Indicators change color depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic, and can be used to measure the pH of a solution.
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This document discusses acid-base equilibria, including weak acids, weak bases, and water. It explains how weak acids and bases form equilibrium reactions in water, and defines the equilibrium constants KA and KB. It also describes how water forms an equilibrium with a constant of KW. Additionally, it introduces conjugate acids and bases and how acid-base reactions can produce new materials with acidic or basic properties. Finally, it provides an example of calculating the pH of a sodium acetate solution through considering its hydrolysis equilibrium.
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- Titration curves show characteristic shapes depending on whether the acid and base are strong or weak. A strong acid-strong base titration has an initial flat region followed by a sharp pH change at the equivalence point. A weak acid-strong base titration has a gradual pH change throughout.
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2) Brønsted-Lowry definition - acids donate protons and bases accept protons.
3) Lewis definition - acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron pairs.
It also covers the pH scale, differences between strong and weak acids/bases, and conjugate acid-base pairs. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are described.
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1) The document discusses acids and pH, explaining that an acid is a substance that releases protons (H+) when dissolved in water. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 14.
2) It describes how carbon dioxide forms a weak acid (carbonic acid) when dissolved in water, and explains how breathing can raise or lower the pH of the blood and body.
3) The key to treating acidosis is raising the pH through mechanisms like breathing to remove carbon dioxide, or administering bicarbonate ions which act as a buffer to soak up excess hydrogen ions. Buffers are important to maintain pH balance in the body.
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Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
Ion exchange chromatography (1) (4)
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
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This document discusses salt hydrolysis, buffers, and solubility products. It provides the following key points:
1. Salt hydrolysis occurs when a salt reacts with water to produce acid or base, usually from a strong acid and weak base or weak acid and strong base. The resulting salt will be acidic or basic depending on the parent acid and base.
2. Buffers resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added by containing both a weak acid and its salt or weak base and its salt. Common biological buffers are carbonic acid/hydrogen carbonate and dihydrogen phosphate/monohydrogen phosphate.
3. Solubility products (Ksp) describe the solub
02 hydrolysis. buffers__colloids
The document discusses several topics related to medical chemistry including:
1) Hydrolysis of salts derived from weak acids/bases can cause solutions to be slightly acidic or alkaline as the ions undergo reactions with water to reach equilibrium concentrations based on acid/base dissociation constants.
2) Buffer solutions resist pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base through equilibria involving both acidic and basic components of comparable concentrations.
3) Aqueous colloidal dispersions can be stabilized by electric charge alone or by charge and solvation shells, with solubility of hydrophilic particles depending on salt concentration and competition for hydration shells.
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This document discusses acids, bases, and buffers. It begins by defining acids as substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and bases as substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-). Water can form acids and bases by dissociating into hydronium and hydroxide ions. Acids and bases are classified as strong or weak based on their degree of dissociation. A buffer is a solution that resists pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentrations and acid dissociation constant. Buffers have various applications in pharmaceutical products to control pH
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The document discusses acids, bases, and pH. It defines ions as charged atoms or molecules, and explains that acids donate H+ ions to solutions while bases remove H+ ions, thereby making the solution more alkaline. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale from 0-14. Buffers help maintain pH levels in living cells by accepting or donating H+ ions when their levels fluctuate.
Buffer solution
Buffer solutions resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases. They are necessary in laboratories where a solution of constant pH is required. There are two main types of buffer solutions: acidic buffers, made from a weak acid and its salt with a strong base, and alkaline buffers, made from a weak base and its salt with a strong acid. The buffering action occurs when the addition of H+ or OH- ions causes the equilibrium of the weak acid/base and its conjugate salt to partially offset the change.
COMMON ION EFFECT
The document discusses key concepts in chemistry including:
1. Buffered solutions resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added due to the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
2. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer to the concentration ratio of its conjugate base and acid.
3. Buffers contain relatively large amounts of a weak acid and its conjugate base, allowing added H+ or OH- ions to react without significantly changing the pH.
Acids Bases and Salts
Acids release H+ ions in water and have sour tastes, while bases release OH- ions in water and feel slippery. Strong acids and bases completely ionize in water, while weak acids and bases only partially ionize. Common strong acids include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, while strong bases include lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize each other through a reaction that produces water and a salt. Indicators change color depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic, and can be used to measure the pH of a solution.
What is an Indicator?
To understand how pH indicators work and know a variety of pH indicators. The document discusses pH and how it relates to the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions in solution. It then explains how pH indicators detect H+ ions and change color based on the concentration of H+ ions, allowing determination of whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Examples of common pH indicators and their colors in acidic and alkaline solutions are provided.
Salt hydrolysis
This document discusses salt hydrolysis, which is the reaction of salt ions with water that can result in an acidic, basic, or neutral solution. Salts formed from a weak acid and strong base produce a basic solution, as the conjugate base of the weak acid will accept protons from water. Salts formed from a weak base and strong acid produce an acidic solution, as the conjugate acid of the weak base will donate protons to water. Salts formed from a strong acid and strong base produce a neutral solution. Examples of sodium ethanoate and ammonium chloride are provided to illustrate basic and acidic salt hydrolysis.
Non aqueous titration
This document discusses non-aqueous titrations, which are used to analyze organic acids and bases that are insoluble or weakly reactive in water. It describes the principles, reasons for using non-aqueous titrations, common solvents like acetic acid, and provides examples of procedures to titrate drugs like ephedrine hydrochloride and sodium benzoate. The key steps involve dissolving the analyte in a non-aqueous solvent, titrating with an acid or base, and determining the endpoint using an indicator reaction.
Hydrolysis
This document discusses acid-base equilibria, including weak acids, weak bases, and water. It explains how weak acids and bases form equilibrium reactions in water, and defines the equilibrium constants KA and KB. It also describes how water forms an equilibrium with a constant of KW. Additionally, it introduces conjugate acids and bases and how acid-base reactions can produce new materials with acidic or basic properties. Finally, it provides an example of calculating the pH of a sodium acetate solution through considering its hydrolysis equilibrium.
Indicators
- Many acid-base indicators are weak acids that partially dissociate in solution, existing in both ionized and un-ionized forms which have different colors. In acidic solution, the equilibrium favors the un-ionized form which is typically red. In alkaline solution, the equilibrium favors the ionized blue form.
- Titration curves show characteristic shapes depending on whether the acid and base are strong or weak. A strong acid-strong base titration has an initial flat region followed by a sharp pH change at the equivalence point. A weak acid-strong base titration has a gradual pH change throughout.
- The suitable indicator for a titration must change color within the sharp pH change region near the
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THE LEWIS CONCEPT-THE ELECTRON DONOR ACCEPTOR SYSTEM
BRONSTED-LOWRY CONCEPT (PROTON TRANSFER
THEORY
buffer action
ph scale
buffer capacity
acid base balance
isotonicity method
isotonic soltions
buffer solutions in pharmaceutical preparations
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This document discusses various topics relating to aqueous equilibria, including the common ion effect, buffers, titrations, solubility products, and factors that affect solubility. It provides examples of calculations for concentrations and pH involving these concepts and explains how precipitation of ions from solution can be used to separate mixtures.
chemistry of water ph acid and bases.
Water is essential for life and makes up about two-thirds of the human body. It has no taste or smell and exists in solid, liquid, and gas forms. Water regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and waste, cushions joints, and maintains pH levels. The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration from 0-14, with 7 being neutral. Acids donate protons and have a pH below 7, while bases accept protons and have a pH above 7. Buffers resist pH changes and are important for biological processes.
Chem 2 - Acid-Base Equilibria I: The Basics of Acids and Bases
This document discusses the basics of acids and bases according to three definitions:
1) Arrhenius definition - acids produce H3O+ in water and bases produce OH- in water.
2) Brønsted-Lowry definition - acids donate protons and bases accept protons.
3) Lewis definition - acids accept electron pairs and bases donate electron pairs.
It also covers the pH scale, differences between strong and weak acids/bases, and conjugate acid-base pairs. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are described.
Acid & Base - Physical Chemistry Presentation
Slide show of the topic Acid & Base as a part of the assignment in our Physical Chemistry course.
Created by: Annisa Hayatunnufus
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Management & Science University
Acids buffers
1) The document discusses acids and pH, explaining that an acid is a substance that releases protons (H+) when dissolved in water. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 14.
2) It describes how carbon dioxide forms a weak acid (carbonic acid) when dissolved in water, and explains how breathing can raise or lower the pH of the blood and body.
3) The key to treating acidosis is raising the pH through mechanisms like breathing to remove carbon dioxide, or administering bicarbonate ions which act as a buffer to soak up excess hydrogen ions. Buffers are important to maintain pH balance in the body.
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Henderson hasselbach equations, common ion effect, strength of acid and bases...
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Chem 2 - Acid-Base Equilibria I: The Basics of Acids and Bases
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Similar to Waterdemineralization 160510120537
Ion exchange chromatography (1) (4)
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
Ion exchange chromatography (1) (4)
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge that can be used to separate a wide range of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It works by exploiting ionic interactions between oppositely charged solute ions and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically a resin with covalently attached anions or cations. Cation exchange chromatography retains positively charged molecules, while anion exchange chromatography retains negatively charged molecules. Separation is achieved as molecules are differentially retained on and eluted off the column based on their affinity for the stationary phase. Ion exchange chromatography is widely used for applications like water softening, demineralization, and separation of molecules like amino acids, sugars, and lan
Ion exchange chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge. It involves the reversible exchange of ions between an insoluble solid resin and a solution. Cation exchange resins contain negatively charged groups like sulfonic acid that can exchange positively charged ions from solution. Anion exchange resins contain positively charged groups like amines that can exchange negatively charged ions. The technique is used to separate a variety of charged molecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids. It preserves the separated molecules on the column based on ionic interactions with the stationary phase resin.
Power Plant Engineering
Feed water treatment methods include internal treatment processes like zeolite treatment and demineralization, and external treatment processes like mechanical and chemical treatment. Demineralization, or ion exchange, involves removing ionic substances from water using cation and anion exchange resins to produce essentially distilled water. In the demineralization process, raw water first passes through a cation exchanger to remove bicarbonates and is then passed through an anion exchanger to remove chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates, exchanging them for hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. The treated water is then passed through a degasifier tower to remove carbon dioxide by contacting the water with low pressure air.
an assignment on ion exchange chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography is a separation technique based on charge interactions between molecules and an ion exchange resin. There are two types of resins - cation exchangers that attract negatively charged molecules and anion exchangers that attract positively charged molecules. The separation is achieved by altering the mobile phase buffer pH and salt concentration to selectively elute molecules from the stationary phase resin based on their charge. Ion exchange chromatography is useful for purifying and separating a wide range of biomolecules like proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids while preserving their structure.
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This document discusses ion exchange and how it is used to produce deionized water. Ion exchange resins remove ions from water by exchanging them for hydrogen or hydroxyl ions. Cation resin has a negative charge and removes positively charged ions by exchanging them for hydrogen ions. Anion resin has a positive charge and removes negatively charged ions by exchanging them for hydroxyl ions. Together this produces pure water without ions. The resins are regenerated using acids and bases to restore the exchange sites.
IONIC EQUILIBRIUM chemistry tsh .pptx
1) Ionic equilibrium describes the dissociation of ionic substances into their constituent ions in polar solvents like water. The ions formed are in a constant state of dynamic equilibrium with the undissociated solute molecules.
2) Electrolytes conduct electricity in aqueous solutions by dissociating into ions, while non-electrolytes do not dissociate or conduct. Strong electrolytes fully dissociate, whereas weak electrolytes only partially dissociate.
3) The degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes depends on factors like dilution, temperature, and presence of common ions according to Ostwald's dilution law.
Ion exchange processes
Ion exchange is a water treatment process that removes ions from water through an exchange of ions between a resin and water. There are cation exchange resins that remove positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that remove negatively charged ions. Ion exchange is commonly used for water softening by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium or potassium ions held on the resin. The resin becomes exhausted over time and must be regenerated by flushing it with a brine solution to restore the ions on the resin.
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is an important analytical technique used for the separation and determination of ionic compounds, together with ion-partition/interaction and ion-exclusion chromatography. It is based on the ionic interactions between ionic and polar analytes, ions present in the eluent and ionic functional groups fixed to the chromatographic support.
Ion exchange chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography uses ion exchange resins to separate ionic compounds based on competition for binding sites on the resin. Cation exchange resins contain negatively charged functional groups like sulfonic acid that bind positively charged cations from solution. Anion exchange resins contain positively charged functional groups like quaternary ammonium that bind negatively charged anions. Eluting solutions with varying salt concentrations are used to displace bound ions from the resin selectively. Ion exchange chromatography finds application in water softening and analysis of ions in environmental and biological samples.
Ion Exchange Resins
Ion exchange resins are organic polymers that are insoluble in water and have ionizable functional groups. They are often used as beads and can selectively exchange ions via processes like cation exchange or anion exchange. Ion exchange resins can be used to load drugs onto the resins through batch or column processes. The drug-loaded resins can then be taken orally to release the drug in the stomach through ion exchange with ions present there. Key properties like stability, particle size, porosity, and cross-linkage determine their effectiveness for drug delivery and applications like taste masking, rapid dissolution, and transdermal, oral, nasal, and ophthalmic drug delivery.
Adv chem chapt 4
This document summarizes key concepts about types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry. It discusses water as a solvent, solubility, strong and weak electrolytes, and precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions in solution. Calculations involve determining moles and masses of reactants and products using molarity, volumes, and balanced equations. Common indicators like phenolphthalein are used in acid-base titrations.
Ion Exchange Water Purification System.
Ion exchange systems work by exchanging specific ions for other ions through resin beads. Cation exchange resins attract positive ions like calcium and magnesium, replacing them with sodium. Anion exchange resins attract negative ions like chlorine and sulfate, replacing them with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Together, these processes remove dissolved inorganic ions from water to purify it in applications like water softening and deionization. The resins are similar polymer beads that differ in their charged functional groups and attracted ions.
Advchemchapt4 101015123318-phpapp02
This document provides information on types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry. It discusses the common water molecule and how water acts as a solvent. It describes different types of solutions, including strong and weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions are introduced. Methods for writing balanced and net ionic equations are presented. Finally, techniques for performing stoichiometric calculations on reactions in solution, including determining limiting reactants and amounts of products formed, are covered.
Ion exchange and different types of ion exchanger
This document describes different types of ion exchangers. It discusses that ion exchange is a reversible chemical process where ions of one substance are replaced by similarly charged ions of another substance. Ion exchangers can be cation exchangers, which exchange positive ions, or anion exchangers, which exchange negative ions. Cation exchangers are further divided into inorganic and organic types, while anion exchangers are divided into inorganic and organic types. Common applications of ion exchangers include softening of water, demineralization of water, and separation of ions.
Akmol -principles of ion exchange process
This document discusses ion exchange and ion exchange resins. Ion exchange is an adsorption process where ions are exchanged between an electrolyte solution and an ion exchange resin through electrostatic attraction. There are two main types of ion exchange resins: cation exchange resins which contain negatively charged functional groups that attract and hold positively charged ions, and anion exchange resins which contain positively charged functional groups that attract and hold negatively charged ions. Ion exchange resins are used in various water and wastewater treatment applications such as hardness removal, heavy metal removal, and nutrient removal. Common ion exchange resins are synthetic cross-linked polymeric resins and zeolites.
Dcn 2032 ion exchange
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle.
Ionic equilibrium chapter 3(12th HSC Maharashtra state board)
The document discusses ionic equilibrium and acid-base theories. It provides examples of different types of salts based on the strength of acids and bases involved:
1) Salts of strong acids and bases, like NaCl, are neutral as they do not undergo hydrolysis.
2) Salts of strong acids and weak bases, like CuSO4, are acidic due to hydrolysis of the metal cation.
3) Salts of weak acids and strong bases, like CH3COONa, are basic due to hydrolysis of the anion.
4) Salts of weak acids and weak bases can be acidic, basic or neutral depending on whether the Ka or Kb is greater and the extent of hydro
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography may be defined as a reversible reaction in which free mobile ions of a solids called ion exchange are exchanged for different ions of similar charge present in solution.....................................................................
Acid –base reaction
Strong acids and strong bases always react in the same format since the dissociate nearly 100% in water.
Solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed the reaction occurs as follows:
Weak acids dissociate only slightly in water, and therefore should be left combined and not written as its ions. When weak acids react with strong bases, the H+ from the weak acid is transferred to the OH- from the strong base to form water and a salt. The salt formed, however, will most likely be soluble, and should be written as its respective ions. Remember also, to cancel out any spectator ions.
Similar to Waterdemineralization 160510120537 (20)
Ionic equilibrium chapter 3(12th HSC Maharashtra state board)
Ionic equilibrium chapter 3(12th HSC Maharashtra state board)
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在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
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Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Waterdemineralization 160510120537
- 2. Demineralization is the removal of essentially all inorganic salts. In ion exchange demineralization hydrogen Cation exchange converts dissolved salts to their corresponding acids, and basic anion exchange removes these acids. Purpose Removal of ionic substances Reduction of conductivity Control of pH
- 4. Demineraliser Resins Cationic resins exchange positively charged functional groups, for undesirable positive ions. With their functional groups in the hydrogen form, R – H, “R” represents the exchange resin and “H” represents the attached hydrogen ion. Anionic resins exchange negatively charged functional groups for any undesirable negative ion. The hydroxyl ion, OH- (R—OH) is commonly used as the functional group in an anion resin.
- 5. Principle Of Demineralization The demineralizer system consists of one or more ion exchange resin columns, including a strong Cation unit and a strong anion unit. The Cation resins exchange hydrogen for raw water cations as shown below:
- 6. The anion resins exchange hydroxyl for raw water anions. In the example, the acids resulting from the Cation exchange process react with the anion exchange resin. As a result we form water and the anions are embedded into the resin. Other weak acids are also removed because the resin is strongly basic.
- 7. Ion Exchange Reaction water.freshformresult weaAssolution.inionsby the exchangedareresintheinionsthat theisresultnetThe RR :followsasisreactionnetThe arrow.by theindicatedasreactionreversibleaisThis H :waterformto combineresinzingdemineraliby thereleasedionsThe ions.chlorideandionssodiumform tosdissociateitwaterindissolvedisNaClWhen -- 2 2 OHHClRNaClNaOHRH OHOH ClNaNaCl OH
- 9. REGENERATION Cation exchange resins are regenerated by treatment with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, then washing with water. Anion exchange resins are regenerated by treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then washing with water.