Water and soil pollution are major environmental issues. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water sources. Some key causes of water pollution include dumping of household, industrial, and agricultural waste without proper treatment. Soil pollution is caused by acid rain, excess fertilizers and pesticides, and solid waste accumulation. Preventing pollution requires careful waste disposal and reducing chemical usage. Proper landfills, recycling, composting, and incineration can help manage solid waste and reduce pollution impacts.

1. CHRIST COLLEGE,
JAGDALPUR
Made By: Sanjana Rao
Class: B.Com1st Year
Guided By: Dr. Aruna Pillay
Water & Soil
Pollution

2. What is water
pollution?
Well Pollution is the
contamination of the
natural environment
with harmful
substances often as
a consequence of
human activities.

3. Water pollution is an undesirable
change in the state of water,
contaminated with harmful
substances. It is the second most
important environmental issue next
to air pollution.

4. There are many
differents types of
pollution as:
• Water pollution
• Air pollution
• Land contamination

5. How does water
pollution occurr?
Water pollution ocurrs when a lot of
chemicals, sewage and fertilizers are
dropped and if it is not treated before
being discharged
into waterways,
serious pollution
is the result.

6. Types of water pollution
 Microbiological
 Chemical
 Oxygen-depleting Substances
 Nutrients
 Oil pollution

7. CAUSES
Domestic households, industrial and
agricultural practices produce
wastewater that can cause pollution of
many lakes and rivers.

8. Dumping of litter in the sea can cause
huge problems in marine animals and
may result in death.

9. Nuclear waste is
produced from
industrial, medical and
scientific processes
that use radioactive
material. Nuclear
waste can have
detrimental effects
on marine habitats

10. The effects of water pollution
are not only devastating to
people but also to animals, fish,
and birds. Polluted water is
unsuitable for drinking,
recreation, agriculture, and
industry.
Effects of water
pollution

11. • poisoning drinking
water
• poisoning food
animals
• unbalanced river and
lake ecosystems
that can’t support
full biological
diversity any more
• deforestation from
acid rain, and many
others.

12. What can we do to
prevent water pollution?
• Be careful about what you
throw down your sink or
toilet.
• Use environmentally
household products, such
as washing powder,
household cleaning agents
and toiletries.
• Take great care not to
overuse pesticides and
fertilisers.
• Don't throw litter into
rivers, lakes or oceans.

13. The contamination of
soil with solid waste,
acid rain excess of
fertilizers, Insecticides
and herbicides is
called soil pollution (or
land pollution).

14. • Acid Rain
Acid Rain is caused by air
pollution. The acidic
water falls on the soil and
pollutes it by making the
soil acidic.

15. • Solid Wastes
Comes from homes, cattle sheds,
agricultural fields, industries and
many other places and get
accumulated in the form of heaps.
Solid waste include Cow dung;
Night soil (Human excreta), fruits
and vegetable peels ash ,waste
paper, metal objects etc.

16. The use of excess fertilisers to
increase the crop yields makes
the soil either acidic or alkaline
and pollutes it. For example,
excessive use of ammonium
sulphate fertilisers makes the soil
highly acidic whereas the
excessive use of sodium nitrate
fertilisers makes the soil highly
alkaline.
Fertilisers

17. Insecticides and Herbicides are
poisonous chemicals which are
used to spray standing crops to
prevent
insects
them from
and herbs .
harmful
These
insecticides and herbicides mix
with the soil and pollute it.
Insecticides and Herbicides
Insecticides

18. Prevention of Soil
Pollution Landfills
Recycling
Composting
Incineration
Production of
Biogas and Manure

19. The solid wastes like garbage
destroy the natural beauty and
become a breeding ground for
which spread
like malaria and
mosquitoes
diseases
Dengue.
Land Pollution caused by acid
rain reduce the fertility of soil
leading to reduction of crop
yields.
Mosquito Breeding

20. The pollution caused by the
excessive use of fertilisers also
reduces the fertility of the soil
and crop yields by making the
soil either highly acidic or highly
alkaline.
The soil pollution caused by the
us of insecticides and herbicides
in agriculture is very dangerous
because these chemicals can
enter our food chain and
damage our health.

21. Most of the solid
wastes in urban areas
are buried in low-lying
areas to level the
uneven ground. This is
called Landfills.
Landfills

22. Recycling
It is the method of recovery and processing of
Biodegradable wastes or materials after they
have been used, which enables them to be
used. For example, solid wastes like paper,
plastics and metals, etc., are recycled.
Industrial wastes are treated in special plants
and valuable wastes are recycled.
Composting
In this method, the domestic waste like fruit and
vegetable waste, left-over food, leaves of potted
plants etc., can be converted into compost and
used as manure.

23. It means ‘reduction to ashes’. The burning of a
substance at high temperature to form ash is called
Incineration. It is used to destroy household waste,
chemical waste and biological waste. Incineration is
carried out in incinerator.
Incineration