This document discusses different sources of freshwater available for human use. It notes that while water seems plentiful, less than 1% of Earth's water is actually available for drinking. The document outlines various sources like surface water from rivers and lakes which supply 80% of water usage. It also discusses groundwater from aquifers that provide water for many communities, and desalination as a way to treat ocean water for drinking, though it is energy intensive. The document concludes by mentioning that most of the remaining freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.

1. • WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT
• NAME: RAHUL S.
BHARANKAR
• STD:10TH DIV:A
• ROLL NO:34

2. • SOME SOURCES OF WATER ARE OBVIOUS, LIKE LAKES
AND RIVERS, WHILE OTHERS, LIKE GLACIERS, ARE A BIT
MORE REMOVED FROM EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE. WITH SO
MANY PEOPLE LIVING NEAR WATER, IT SOMETIMES
SEEMS UNLIKELY THAT WATER SHORTAGES COULD BE A
SERIOUS PROBLEM. UNDERSTANDING THE SOURCES OF
WATER AVAILABLE FOR HUMAN USE REVEALS HOW
LIMITED FRESHWATER ACTUALLY IS. DESPITE THE
OVERWHELMING AMOUNT OF WATER ON EARTH, VERY
LITTLE OF IT IS SUITABLE FOR CONSUMPTION. NEW
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ARE CURRENTLY SEEKING
ANSWERS TO THIS DILEMMA.

3. • SURFACE WATER
SOURCES OF SURFACE WATER CAN INCLUDE
ANY ABOVE-GROUND COLLECTION OF WATER
SUCH AS RIVERS, LAKES, PONDS AND OCEANS.
SOME SOURCES OF SURFACE WATER ARE
ALSO FED BY UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS.
SURFACE WATER ACCOUNTS FOR 80 PERCENT
OF THE WATER HUMANS USE.

4. • GROUND WATER
• GROUND WATER REFERS TO ANY SOURCE OF WATER THAT LIES BENEATH
THE SOIL LAYER. GROUND WATER CAN EXIST IN THE SOIL ITSELF OR
BETWEEN ROCKS AND OTHER MATERIALS. MOST COMMUNITIES OBTAIN
THEIR WATER FROM UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS, OR ROCK FORMATIONS
CAPABLE OF HOLDING LARGE AMOUNTS OF FRESHWATER. ONLY 3 PERCENT
OF THE WATER ON EARTH IS CONSIDERED FRESHWATER, WITH A MERE 30
PERCENT OF THAT SMALL AMOUNT BEING FOUND AS GROUNDWATER.
POLLUTION, SEAWATER CONTAMINATION AND OVERUSE THREATEN THIS
VALUABLE RESOURCE.

5. • OCEAN WATER
• ALTHOUGH OCEAN WATER MAKES UP NEARLY 97 PERCENT OF ALL WATER ON
EARTH, IT IS NOT A VIABLE SOURCE OF POTABLE WATER UNLESS SALT AND
OTHER IMPURITIES ARE REMOVED. DESALINATION, THE PROCESS BY WHICH
SALT IS REMOVED FROM WATER, IS A RAPIDLY GROWING PRACTICE. WHILE SALT
AND OTHER MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES CAN BE REMOVED FROM WATER IN A
VARIETY OF WAYS, THE MOST PROMISING METHOD IS THROUGH REVERSE
OSMOSIS. THIS PROCESS FORCES SALTWATER THROUGH FILTERS WITH
MICROSCOPIC PORES THAT REMOVE SALT AND OTHER MICROBES. REVERSE
OSMOSIS REQUIRES LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY, MAKING IT A VERY
EXPENSIVE PROCESS.

6. • ICE CAPS AND GLACIAL MELTING
• OF THE 3 PERCENT OF EARTH'S WATER CONSIDERED FRESHWATER,
70 PERCENT OF THAT SMALL AMOUNT IS CURRENTLY LOCKED IN
GLACIERS AND ICE CAPS. IN THEORY, FROZEN GLACIAL AND ICE
CAP WATER COULD BE MELTED AND USED, BUT THE AMOUNT OF
ENERGY NEEDED TO MELT AND TRANSPORT VAST QUANTITIES OF
ICE MAKE IT ECONOMICALLY IMPRACTICAL. GLACIERS AND ICE
CAPS ALSO PLAY VITALLY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE REGULATION
OF EARTH'S CLIMATES AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURES, MAKING
THEIR PRESERVATION VERY IMPORTANT.

7. THANK YOU