Water framework directive is one of the most important environmental directive. In this presentation I show its enforcement in the Venice Lagoon and the Venice Lagoon Catchment Basin

1. Loro Francesco
ARPAV
Subotica, Septermber 2013
Surface water protection and discharge control:
EU framework
discharge limit values
environmental standard values
Environmental Prevention and Protection AgencyEnvironmental Prevention and Protection Agency

2. Summary
• The european framework
• A special case “the Venice lagoon”
• Who’s ARPAV
• The environmental controls

3. E.U. RULESE.U. RULES
DIR 91/271
Council Directive concerning urban waste-water treatment
(UWWTD)
DIR 91/271
Council Directive concerning urban waste-water treatment
(UWWTD)
DIR 91/676
Council Directive concerning the protection of waters against
pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
DIR 91/676
Council Directive concerning the protection of waters against
pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
DIR 2000/60
Directive establishing a framework for Community action in the field
of water policy (WFD)
DIR 2000/60
Directive establishing a framework for Community action in the field
of water policy (WFD)
The european framework
Directive 2008/105/EC
Directive on Environmental Quality Standards
Directive 2008/105/EC
Directive on Environmental Quality Standards

4. DIR 1991/271/EUDIR 1991/271/EU
On the collection, treatment and
discharge of urban waste water
The treatment and discharge of waste
water from certain industrial
sectors. (Annex 3)
Definition of industrial waste water
Installation of a waste water collection
treatment and collection system
The european framework
Definition of sensible area
Discharge permit
Industrial Water reuse
Reuse of sludges

5. DIR 1991/271/EU: discharge limitsDIR 1991/271/EU: discharge limits
The european framework
Waste water collection system (Art. 3)
Deadline Numbers of EI
31/12/2000 > 15.000
31/12/2005 2.000<X<15.000
Waste water treatment system (Art. 4)
Deadline Numbers of EI
31/12/2000 > 15.000
31/12/2005 10.000<X<15.000
31/12/2005 2.000<X<10.000
(discarge in fresh water)

6. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table
The european framework
Sensitive area (Art. 5)
Deadline Action
31/12/1993 MS identification
31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the
pollutants for
agglomerations of
more than 10 000 p.e
31/12/1998 Limit values fixed on
Annex II sect. B

7. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table
The european framework
Less Sensitive Areas (Art. 6)
Deadline Action
31/12/1993 MS identification
31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the pollutants
for agglomerations of more than
10 000 p.e
31/12/1998 Limit values fixed on Annex II
sect. B
Small Agglomerates (Art. 7)
Deadline WWTP
31/12/2005 Less than 2000 p.e. (discharge
in fresh waters)
31/12/2005 Less than 10.000 p.e.
(discharge in coastal waters

8. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time table
The european framework
The industrial sectors (Art. 13)
Deadline Action
31/12/2000 WWTP to reduce the pollutants
for agglomerations of more than
4000 p.e
31/12/2000 Annex III list of industrial
sectors
31/12/1993 C.A. set requirements
appropriate to the nature of the
industry concerned for the
discharge of such waste water

9. Directive 2000/60/CE WFD
The european framework
A new approach
An holistic view
Polluter pays
principle
The role of river
basin management
plan
The achievment of
“good state” before
2015

10. Enhance surface and
ground water
protection
Achieve “good status
for all waters by 31st
December 2015
Manage water resources
on the basis of river
basins independent from
the administrative
structures
Proceed with an
action which unites
emission limits and
quality standards
Remind all the water
services of the right
price representing
better the real
economic costs
Allow citizens to
participate in
choices adopted
The european framework

11. Annex X:
detailed list
33 PS and PHS
Decision 2455/2001/EC
Directive 76/464/EEC
List I
Defined with criteria of
toxicity, persistence and
bioaccumulation
List II
Substances with a
deleterious effect on the
aquatic environment
Elimination of pollution Reduction of pollution
Annex VIII:
generic list
(main pollutants)
River Basin Management Plans
ERA
Achievement of quality standards for human health protection and aquatic
environment protection
EQS
Limit values
fixation
Water Monitoring: Surveillance, Operational
and Investigative Monitoring
Limit values and quality objectives fixed at European
level, that must be applied in every member State
National lists
Directive 2000/60/EC
DPSIR analysis
Substances inventories: productive cycles
and discharges characterization
Local lists
(river basin level)
ERA
EQSs and Limit values
for local lists
Targeted risk-based
assessment
Simplified risk-
based assessment
EUROPEANLEVELNATIONAL
LEVEL
LOCALLEVEL–RIVER
BASIN
N
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w
D
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r.
E
U
L
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v
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l
Natio
nal
Local
Level
O
l
d
D
i
r.
The
european
framework
Directive
2008/105/CE

12. The european framework
The old approach
was based on list of
substances
List of substance that
is duty to eliminate
List of substance that
is duty to reduce
A generic list of
pollutants
List of Priority
substances
List of Priority
hazardous
substances
Achievement of
“good ecological
status” by 2015
Evaluation case by
case of the EQs
From the old
approach…
…to The new
approach

13. It is the general expression of the
status of a body of surface water,
determined by the poorer of its
ecological status and its chemical
status
SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR
2000/60/UE)
River basin
River basin ’means the area of
land from which all surface run-
off flows through a sequence of
streams, rivers and, possibly,
lakes into the sea at a single river
mouth, estuary or delta.
The european framework
Surface water statusGood surface water chemical status
Good surface water chemical status ’means the
chemical status required to meet the environmental
objectives for surface waters established in Article
4(1)(a), that is the chemical status achieved by a
body of surface water in which concentrations of
pollutants do not exceed the environmental quality
standards established in Annex IX and under Article
16(7), and under other relevant Community
legislation setting environmental quality standards
at Community level.

14. PollutionPollution
The direct or indirect introduction, as a
result of human activity, of substances
or heat into the air, water or land which
may be harmful to human health or the
quality of aquatic ecosystems or
terrestrial ecosystems directly
depending on aquatic ecosystems,
which result in damage to material
property, or which impair or interfere
with amenities and other legitimate
uses of the environment
SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR
2000/60/UE)
PollutantPollutant
any substance liable to cause
pollution, in particular those listed in
Annex VIII
ANNEX VIII: INDICATIVE LIST OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS
1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such
compounds in the aquatic environment
2. Organophosphorous compounds
3. Organotin compounds
4. Substances and preparations, or the breakdown products of such, which
have been proved to possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties or
properties which may affect steroidogenic, thyroid, reproduction or other
endocrine-related functions in or via the aquatic environment
5. …..
The european framework

15. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4)
The european framework
Before 2015
Surface waters
Good environmental status
Progressively reducing pollution
from priority substances and
ceasing or phasing out emissions,
discharges and losses of priority
hazardous substances
Underground waters
Before 2015
Good environmental status
Reverse any significant and
sustained upward trend in the
concentration of any pollutant
resulting from the impact of
human activity in order
progressively to reduce pollution
of groundwater.

16. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4)
The european framework
Before 2006
Enforcement of monitoring plan
Before 2020
Reduction of PHS
Water-pricing policies
Polluters pays priciples
Before 2010

17. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4)
The european framework
Before 2012
Controls on points and diffused
sources (Art. 10)
Program of measure (art. 11)
Before 2009
Enforcement of measures (art. 11)
Before 2021

18. The unique case of Venice Lagoon
A hystory of laws,
protection acts and
pollution
Law 16 April 1973
Decree 23 4 98
Decree 16 12 98
Decree 09 02 99
Decree 26 05 99
Decree 30 07 99
…

19. The catchment basin

20. The Venice lagoon and its catchment basin
Surface: 2000 Km2
Outfalls: 24
Total annual mean flow: 22
m3
/s
Industrial discharge permit
in 2003: 238
Industrial annual flow: 0,76
m3
/s
Inhabitants: 1.000.000
Municipalities: 108
Main rivers: Dese, Zero,
Marzenego, Osellino,
Lusore, Muson, Tergola

21. The Venice Lagoon
550 Km2
510 Km2 of water
surface
40 Km2 Islands
(among which 117
islands forms Venice)

22. The role of the national legislation
• Venice lagoos has a special
legislation with special
emission limit (very low)
• The definition of limits was
made on the basis of
experimental monitoring
• Evaluation of the industrial
cycles and their emission
• Analysis of WWTP emission
• Analysis of the Catchment
Basin

23. The role of the Enviromental Agency
• Art. 10 WFD: combined
approach
– Controls of the emissions on
the use of B.A.T.
– Controls of emission limit
values
– Best enviromental practices on
diffuse sources
• The DPSIR (Driving forces,
Pressures, States, Impacts,
Responses) is the concectual
model used to accordance
with Artt. 5,8,10, 13 of WFD
Controls
Modelling

24. The role of the Enviromental Agency
on Industry Emission
• Evaluation of
the existing
plant and
existing
emission
point
• Evaluation of
the quality of
the emission
• 117 Emission
points
• Project ISPERIA
• Project DRAIN

25. The industrial area of Porto Marghera
• DM26/5/99: Analysis
of industrial emission
in Porto Marghera
• Project ISPERIA

26. The industrial areas in the
Catchment basin
• The industrial districts
• The evaluation of the
industrial emission from
specific industrial sectors
• Project DRAIN

27. The discharge limit values in Venice Lagoon
Class of substances
or categories
Total number of
substances per
class/category
Priority
substances per
class/category
N. of analyzed
substances
Metals 6 4 6
Organometals 6 2 3
Policyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
9 9
6
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
37 5
14
Nitroaromatics 7 - 0
Alophenols 9 1 2
Anilines e derivatives 5 - 0
Pesticides 54 14 29
Semivolatile Organic
Compounds
8 1
1
Other compounds 19 8 2
Total 160 44 63

28. The pressure sources
Nitrogen surplus from agricoluture
UWWTP
Industrial Areas

29. Pollutant 2008 EQS
Italian
Regulati
ons
(µg/L)
EQS
for the Venice area
(µg/L)
EQS
Dir.2008/105
Inland surface
waters
Average annual
value
(µg/L)
Limit values for
discharges
in the catchment
area of the Venice lagoon
(µg/L)
Cadmium 1^ 0.01 0.08 5 (1)
Mercury 1^ 0.005 0.01 3 (0,5)
Nickel 20^ 0.5 20 100
Lead 10^ 0.03 7.2 50 (10)
Total PAH 0.2^ 0.06
(Lagoon )
Benzo(a)pi
rene
0.004 D*
0.003 M-L
0.003
(Lagoon )
0.05
The discharge limit value

30. The limit emission for the catchment basin
A dedicated monitoring
network that check:
•Macropolluntants
•Micropolluntants
•EBI

31. From bottom to top
•The enforcement at local
level of the Dir.
1991/676/Ce (Nitrate
directive)
•The role of IPPC permits
for industrial plant (for
example galvanic industry)
•Agricultural use of
sewage sludge: a
dedicated legislation

32. A special WWTP: PIF (Progetto Integrato Fusina)
• A unique platform able to treat:
– More than 110.000 m3/d of urban wastewater
– More than 50.000 m3/d of industrial
wastewater and water from remediation areas
• A group of installation
– SG 31 Incinerator Plant for sludge and WWTP
– Area 23h Soil and Rock management
– Isola delle Tresse: dedging sludge management
• Phytoremediation

33. Urban Waste
Water
Industrial
Waste Water
FUSINA WWTP
Industrial WWTP
Lagoon
Phytoremediation
Industrial water
(reuse)
Incinerator
SG31 (sludge)
PIF Flow chart

34. SG 31 Incinerator and WWTP
FBR plant for incineration of
industrial and urban sludge
MBR plant to recuce the
productio of sludge

35. Phytoremediation
Costructed wetland:
110 ha
100.000 mc/d
The lagoon area presents some
specific enviromental conditions
The acquatic plants:
Phragmites australis
Typha latifolia
Schoienoplectus lacustris
Nynfhea alba

36. the Regional Agency for
Environmental Protection and Prevention
in the Veneto
operative since October 1997
Organised as a network throughout
the
region
has more than 1000 employees and
the following organisation
AAgenziagenzia RRegionale per laegionale per la PProtezione erotezione e
PPrevenzionerevenzione AAmbientale delmbientale del VVenetoeneto (Veneto(Veneto
Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency)Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency)
Who ARPAVARPAV is…
Head Office – focuses on general strategy,
administration and management
7 Provincial Departments
2 Regional Departments (Laboratories, Land
management -Meteorological, Avalanches and Agro-
Environmental).
9 Tematic centres of excellence (Air, Water-internal,
transitional and Adriatic sea, Physical Agents, Soils, Wastes,
industrial risks and polluted sites, meteorological centre,
avalanche centre)

37. Conclusion
• The role of knowledge of
the territory
• The role of technologies
• A Bottom-Top approach
• Many roles to play = Many
actors = more coordination
Finish line – Marathon de Sable

38. RoutineRoutine
Best Practice:Best Practice:
control typologiescontrol typologies
RoutineRoutine
colour, turbidity, odour, taste, residual chlorine,
pH, conductivity, ammonia, nitrite, chloride,
nitrate, sulphate, coliphorm bacteria at 37°C
E. coli, Enterococci
Herbicides
Orgnochlorine compounds
Metals
(if requested)
verification
Clostridium perfringens,
algae, nematods with free
life, Salmonella,
Pseudomonas aerug., count
of colony 22°C e 36°C,
mushrooms, staph. pat.,
Al, As, B, Cd,
Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni,
Pb, Sb, Se, V,
Fe, Hg
Total Pesticides
PAH
Dry residual at 180°C,
total hardness, Kubel,
Na, CN, F, TOC

39. S c h e m e o f In s titu tio n s c o o p e r a tin g o n im p le m e n ta tio n o f th e w a te r f r a m e w o r k d ir e c tiv e 2 0 0 0 / 6 0 / E C
M in is try o f A g ric u ltu re M in is try o f H e a lth
M in is try o f In fra s tru c tu re a n d T ra n s p o rt A P A T
A u th o rity o n th e w a te r re s o u rc e s a n d w a s te s
W a te r B a s in A u th o rity
A R P A
W a te r C y c le S e rv ic e
A A T O P ro v in c e s M u n ic ip a litie s
R e g io n s
M in s try o f E n v iro n m e n t

40. Information and reports on environmental topics
www.arpa.veneto.it
Thanks
Contact:
Francesco Loro
ARPAV
Tel: +39.348.064.43.62
Mail: lorofrancesco@gmail.com / floro@arpa.veneto.it
Aknowledgement: Marco Ostoich - ARPAV