1. Water Dispute Between
India & Pakistan
Presented BY
Group B

2. Group Members
• Omer Hassan
• Hassan Jan Habib
• Touseef Akhter
• Ammad Nadeem
• Farhan Ahmad

3. Agenda
1. Background
1. Background
2. Role of World Bank
2. Role of World Bank
3. Indus Water Treaty
3. Indus Water Treaty
5. Conclusion

4. Back Ground
By: Omer Hassan

5. Back Ground
• Came to light on April 1,1948 after
partition of Punjab
• Cut across the rivers and canals
• India cutoff flow of canal water to West
Punjab
• Stopped the water of the rivers Ravi and
Sutlej
• India wanted to damage Pakistan
economically

6. HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works
given to India.
• June 1947, Kashmiris revolted against
Maharaja of Kashmir.
• Maharaja signed accession with India on
26th October 1947.
• Standstill Agreement signed on 18
December 1947.
• India cut off supplies from Ferozepur on 1 st
April 1948.

7. Effects
• It was a grave blow to agriculture of
Pakistan
• Pakistan’s agriculture vitally and entirely
depend on canals drawn from Indus
• Rain fall is scanty and undependable
• Effected agriculture very badly
• Pakistan also purchased water from India
to avoid economic disaster.

8. Role of World Bank
By: Hassan Jan Habib

9. Role of World Bank
• Critical disputes resolution was the
intervention of the World Bank
• Both countries had applied to W.B. for
development loans
• WB decided to refuse development loans
to India and Pakistan

10. WB Con’t
WB would approve loans if 3 conditions
were met:
• 1)Indus basin had enough water for both
countries
• 2) The basin was treated as a single unit
implying all the rivers were to be
discussed
• 3) Past grievances put aside and technical
rather than a political focus retained

11. WB Plan
• Divide Indus Basin into 2 parts
• India- 3 eastern rivers i.e. Sutlej, Beas,
and Ravi
• Pakistan – 3 western rivers i.e. Chenab ,
Jhelum and the Indus

12. WB con’t
• Pakistan – not fully convinced refused to
sign until 1958
• Treaty formalized 1960

13. Indus Waters Treaty
By: Touseef Akhtar

14. Indus Waters Treaty
• The Indus Waters Treaty is a water
sharing treaty between the Republic of
India and Islamic republic of Pakistan
• The treaty was a result of Pakistani fear
that since the source rivers of the Indus
basin were in India
• It could potentially create droughts and
famines in Pakistan, especially at times of
war.

15. Con’t
• The treaty was signed in Karachi
on September 19, 1960
• By Indian Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru and President of
Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan

16. Clauses of Treaty
By: Ammad Nadeem

17. Clauses of Treaty
• The Indus System of Rivers comprises
three Western Rivers the Indus, the
Jhelum and Chenab and three Eastern
Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi;
and with minor exceptions
• the treaty gives India exclusive use of all
of the waters of the Eastern Rivers and
their tributaries before the point where the
rivers enter Pakistan

18. Con’t
• Pakistan has exclusive use of the Western
Rivers- the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab
• The agreement set up a commission to
adjudicate any future disputes arising over
the allocation of waters
• The Commission is required to meet
regularly to discuss potential disputes as
well as cooperative arrangements for the
development of the basin

19. Con’t
• Either party must notify the other of plans
to construct any engineering works which
would affect the other party and to provide
data about such works
• In cases of disagreement, a neutral expert
is called in for mediation and arbitration
• Commission was created to resolve, the
annual inspections and exchange of data
continue, unperturbed by tensions on the
subcontinent.

20. Conclusion
By: Farhan Ahmad

21. Conclusion
• India always want to damage Pakistan
economically
• The Indus Water Treaty (1960) signed
with India under Stress
• It was a result of Pakistan’s fear that since
the source rivers of the Indus basin were
in India

22. Con’t
• No interference was agreed by India and
Pakistan in the natural flows of the
western rivers (Indus, Jhelum and
Chenab) and eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas
and Sutlej), respectively
• Pakistan strongly object to the designs of
such projects for having potential to
change / disrupt flows downstream
• It is in the interest of India and Pakistan to
follow the treaty in letter and spirit

23. Con’t
• Undisturbed flow from the western rivers is
must for survival of the country – no one
should be allowed to play with it as it is
matter of life and death for Pakistan.
• We must have a strategy to ensure so.
Absence of such strategy could spell
disaster for the entire region!!!!