pakistani

1. Indus Water Treaty
Resource: The water crisis and its implications, Tuesday, February 16,
2010, The News, Pakistan.
Presented By: Hafeez ur Rehman
(S2019188028)
Writer: SEBASTIAN ABBOT

2. Introduction
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 Twelve years of World Bank led negotiations lead to the 1960
Indus Waters Agreement.In this Agreement, control over the
water flowing in three "eastern" rivers of India — the bias, the
Ravi and the Sutlej with the mean flow of 33 million MAF —
was given to India, while control over the water flowing in
three "western" rivers of India — the Indus, the Chenab and
the Jhelum with the mean flow of 80 MAF — was given to
Pakistan.

3.  Indus treaty was stable during past wars ie;1965,1971,1948
wars but it has lost its stability during these ages due to
influence of territorial threats and lack of cooperation.
 Specially, after 9/11,Water has become the core issue
between India and Pakistan.

4. Indo-Pak Water Dispute and
Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)
 Partition led India to hold a part of the Kashmir valley, a source of six
main rivers irrigating the crops of the largest province of Pakistan,
The Punjab.(As shown in map in next Page)

5. Irrigation system of Pakistan

6. Need of agreement
Due influence of India’s control over Kashmir, talks held under
supervision of World Bank with collaberation of Nehru and
Field Marshal Ayub Khan in 1960.

7. Facts of Indus water treaty
Treaty Title Indus Waters Treaty
Date Signed 19th September 1960
Main Basin Indus
Basins Involved Indus
Signatories Bilateral
Parties India, Pakistan
Principal Focus Water Supply
Non-Water Linkages Capital
Comments on Above £62,060,000 as replacement cost of irrigation canals in regions
formerly irrigated from Eastern Rivers. Money paid to Indus if the
31st March 1970 expiration date is extended for up to three
years.
Monitoring Yes
Enforcement Council
Unequal Power Relationship Yes
Information Sharing Yes
Conflict Resolution Council, then a neutral third party
Method for Water Division Complex but clear-effective division of river by tributary
Additional Comments Engineering planes were used first, and then found lacking until
political efforts could direct them. Third party negotiators (Bank)
were effective.
Source: Hamner and Wolf (1998)

8. Pakistan’s Objections
 As per agreement India started to build hydroelectric dams
on the Indus basin, the structure of these dams were not
acceptable to Pakistan which caused a delay in its
implementation. Pakistan has objections mainly on three
projects; the Baglihar Hydro Power Project (BHP), Tulbul
Navigation Project (TNP), and Kishanganga Project.
 But this issue arose intensively after attack on indian
Parliament.

9. Future of Indus water Treaty
 India is constructing 62 more hydropower dams on Pakistani
Rivers.
 Pakistan is of the view that India is withholding the waters
and terms it as a violation of the Indus Waters Treaty, while
the Indians always come up with the answer that Pakistan’s
assumption that India is withholding its water is wrong and
says that it is the flow of water that has decreased in the
respective rivers causing lesser flow of water to Pakistan due
to the global climate change, which Pakistan calls as water
theft by India.

10. Recommendations
 By Education.
 Peace talks.
 UN concern regarding it.
 Removing conflicts b/w India and Pakistan.
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