Agriculture waste disposal

1. SUBMITTED BY:-
NEHA SONKAR

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTE

3. Definition of disposal of waste.
• "Proper disposition of a discarded or
discharged material in accordance with
local environmental guidelines or laws".
(BUSINESS DICTIONARY)
• "Waste management is the collection,
transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring of waste
materials."

4. SOLID WASTES
• The term "solid wastes" includes
• Garbage (food wastes)
• Rubbish (paper, plastics, wood, metal,
throw- away containers, glass),Demolition
products (bricks, masonry, pipes),
• Sewage treatment residue.
• Dead animals, manure and other discarded
material.

5. Output of daily waste
• The output of daily waste depends upon the
• Dietary habits,
• Life styles,
• Living standards and
• The degree of urbanization and
industrialization.
• The solid waste produced ranges between
0.25 to 2.5 kg in different countries.

6. HOW IT AFFECTS HEALTH?
• It decomposes and favors fly breeding
• It attracts rodents
• The pathogens may be conveyed back to
man's food through flies and dust.
• Water and soil pollution,
• An unsightly appearance , bad odors.
• Incidence of vector-borne diseases

7. Sources of refuse
Street Refuse
Market
Refuse
Stable litter
Refuse
Industrial
Refuse
The domestic
refuse

8. STORAGE
• The galvanized steel dust bin
• Paper sack
• Public Bins

9. Galvanized steel dust bin
• It is close fitting cover is a suitable
receptacle for storing refuse.
• In India per capita is estimated to vary
from 1/10 to 1/20 c. ft.
• For a family of 5 members, a bin having
a capacity of 5/10 or ½ c. ft.2.

10. Paper sack
• A recent innovation in the western
countries is the "paper sack".
• Refuse is stored in the paper sack, and
the itself is removed.

11. 3. Public Bin
• Public bins are for a larger number of people.
• Kept on a concrete platform .
• It handled and emptied mechanically by lorries
fitted with cranes..

12. COLLECTION
• Depends upon the funds available .
• House-to-house collection
• India people dump the refuse in the
nearest public bin

13. Transportation of waste

14. • The environment hygiene committee (1949)
recommended that municipalities and other
local bodies should arrange for collection of
refuse not only from the public bins but also
from individual houses.

15. METHODS OF DISPOSAL
• The methods of waste disposal are:
>>Dumping
>>Controlled Tipping or SanitaryLand-fill
>>Incineration
>>Composting
>>Manure Pits
>>Burial

16. DUMPING
• Refuse is dumped in low lying areas.
• • As a result of bacterial action, refuse
decreases considerably in volume and is
converted gradually into humus.

17. The drawbacks of DUMPING are
• The refuse is exposed to files and rodents.
• Drainage from dumps contributes to the
pollution of surface and ground water.
• A WHO Expert Committee (1967)
condemned dumping as " a most insanitary
method that creates public health hazards, a
nuisance, and severe pollution of the
environment".

18. • The trench method:- Where level ground
is available, the trench method is usually
chosen.
• A long trench is dug out-2 to 3 m (6-10
ft.) deep and 4 to 12 m, (12-36 ft.) wide,
depending upon local condition.• The
refuse is compacted and covered with
excavated earth.

19. The remp method:
• This method is well suited where the
terrain is moderately slopping. Some
excavation is done to secure the covering
material.

20. The area method:
• This method is used for filling land
depressions, disused quarries and clay pits.
• The refuse is deposited, packed and
consolidated in uniform layers up to 2 to 2.5
m (6-8 ft.) deep.
• Each layer is sealed on its exposed surface
with a mud cover at least 30 cm (12 inches)
thick.
• Such sealing prevents infestation by flies
and rodents and prevents smell and dust.

21. INCINERATION
• Refuse can be disposal of hygienically
• It is method of choice where suitable
land is not aAvailable.
• Hospital refuse which is particularly
dangerous is best disposed of by
incineration.
• Incineration is practiced in several of the
industrialized countries.

22. Composting

23. COMPOSTING
• Composting is a method of combined disposal
of refuse and night soil or sludge.
Organic matter
Bacterial action
Relatively stable humus-like material
Manurial value for the soil.

24. • The heat produced during composting -60
deg C or higher, over a period of several
days- destroys eggs and larvae of flies,
weed seeds and pathogenic agents.
• The end-product is a good soil builder
containing small amounts of the major plant
nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.

25. Methods of composting
• Bangalore Methods(Anaerobic
method)Mechanical Composting
(Aerobic method)

26. BANGALORE METHODS:-
• (Hot fermentation process)
• Indian Council of Agriculture Research
at the Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore.
• It has been recommended as a
satisfactory method of disposal of town
wastes and night soil.

27. • Trenches are dug 90 cm deep, 1.5 to 2.5
m ft.) broad and 4.5 to 10 m (15-30 ft.)
long.
• Depths greater than 90 cm (3 ft.) are not
recommended because of slow
decomposition

28. • First layer - 15 cm (6 in) thick is spread at
bottom of the trench.
• Second layer- night soil is added
corresponding to a thickness of 5 cm (2 in).
• Third layer- refuse and night soil are added
in the proportion of 15 cm and 5 cm
respectively, till the heap rises to 30 cm (1
ft.)
• The top layer should be of refuse, at least 25
cm (9 in) thickness.

29. • After 7 days - heat (over 60 deg. C) is
generated in the compost mass - intense
heat which persists over 2 or 3 weeks-
decompose the refuse and nightsoil and
to destroy all pathogenic and parasitic
organisms.
• After 4 to 6 months, decomposition is
complete and the resulting manure is a
well decomposed.

30. • The entire process of composting is complete in 4 to
6 weeks.
• This method of composting is in vogue in some of
the developed countries, e.g., Holland, Germany,
Switzerland, Israel.
• The Government of India is considering plants in
selected cities.
• Cities such as Delhi, Nagpur, Mumbai, Chennai,
Pune, Allahabad, Hyderabad, Lucknow, and Kanpur
have offered to join the Government for setting up
pilot plants for mechanical composting.

31. Manure pits
• The problem of refuse disposal in rural
areas can be solved by digging 'manure pits'
by the individual householders.
• The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves
should be dumped into the manure pits and
covered with earth after each day's
dumping.
• This method of refuse disposal is effective
and relatively simple in rural communities.

32. Burial
• For small camps.
• A trench 1.5 m wide and 2 m deep is
excavated
• The contents are used after 4 to 6 months

33. Public Education
Cheapest
solution
Education
Methods
Environment
Of the law
Less
interest

34. ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
• If refuse disposal is to be carried out
efficiently, hygienically and
economically, heavy capital outlay will
be needed whatever system of disposal is
adopted.
• In the highly industrialized countries up
to 20 per cent of municipal budgets.

35. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION•
• International Solid Wastes and Public
Cleansing Association (ISWA) in 1970.
• A WHO International Reference Centre
Switzerland

36. conclusion
• Disposal of waste is an important procedure
to be follo by an individual in a community.
health professionals need to have a basic
knowledge of the subject since improper
disposal of wastes constitutes a health
hazard. Health professional may be called
upon to give advice in some special
situations, such as coping with waste
disposal problems when there is a
disruption or breakdown of community
health services in natural disasters.

37. THANK YOU