This analysis focuses on State Governments’ budgets to Education viz-a-viz performance of students in the West African Examination Council – WAEC.

1. PERFORMANCE IN
WAEC & STATES’
EDUCATION BUDGET

2. Education requires funding. Most developed
countries invest massively in Education, and the
result is Economic development, Better standard
of living, Higher life expectancy rate, Good
governance, and the likes.
All of these cannot be disconnected from
schools’ learning outcomes and performance of
Students in National and International
examinations.
This analysis focuses on State Governments’
budgets to Education viz-a-viz performance of
students in the West African Examination
Council – WAEC.

4. Following the release of the May/June 2014 WAEC
result, the examination body also released the
performance of each State.
If funding is a huge determinant of success in
Education, then we should have a correlation
between high performing States in WAEC and the
funds allocated to those States’ Education sector.
However, from past analysis carried out, specifically
this: NIGERIAN STATES’ BUDGET ANALYSIS, it was
discovered that:
IT DOES NOT MATTER WHAT YOU
HAVE, IT IS THE USE OF IT THAT
COUNTS!

5. We will find out if there is any correlation between
allocation to Education by State Governments and
performance of each state in the just concluded
May/June WAEC.
Education
Budget
WAEC
Performance

6. STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET STRUCTURE
Like the Federal Government, State Governments also
structure their budget into Recurrent & Capital
Expenditure, and then dividing each among Ministries
and Agencies. However, from available data, some states
didn’t breakdown their budget beyond Recurrent and
Capital expenditure.
STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURE
RECURRENT
EXPENDITURE
ADMINISTRATION ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW &
JUSTICE
REGIONAL
SOCIAL
SERVICES
Education lies here

7. STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET STRUCTURE
STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURE
RECURRENT
EXPENDITURE
SOCIAL
SERVICES
EDUCATION
SECTOR
As much as possible and where data are
available, allocations to these three elements
will be considered in the analysis.
1
2
3

8. STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET
Out of the 36 States; 12 included detailed
allocation for the Social Services sector, and 18
specified budget allocation to the State Ministry of
Education.
The next slide will show:
 What percentage of States’ budget is allocated to
the Social Services sector?
 What percentage of State budget goes to
Education and what percentage of Social Services
sector goes to Education?
STATE
GOVERNMENT
SOCIAL
SERVICES
EDUCATION

9. STATE GOVERNMENT BUDGET
STATE ZONE STATE BUDGET (Bn) SOCIAL SERVICES (Bn) EDUCATION (Bn)
ANAMBRA SE 140.00 14.37 7.17
BAYELSA SS 299.20 26.90
CROSS RIVERS SS 176.30 41.54 23.73
DELTA SS 391.51 46.00 15.00
EBONYI SE 99.80 19.26
EDO SS 159.21 15.00
EKITI SW 103.00 15.40
ENUGU SE 93.20 5.78
GOMBE NE 107.40 9.22
IMO SE 137.00 14.16 8.55
KEBBI NW 131.70 50.80 11.20
KOGI NW 128.70 6.06
KWARA NC 124.50 19.70
LAGOS SW 489.69 77.42
NASARAWA NC 114.50 35.82 12.05
OGUN SW 210.20 43.99
OYO SW 188.00 25.70
PLATEAU NC 228.00 43.20 19.99
RIVERS SS 485.52 46.57 30.00
SOKOTO NW 126.00 9.00
ZAMFARA NW 114.80 17.80

10. GOVT BUDGET & SOCIAL SERVICES
STATE ZONE STATE BUDGET SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SERVICES %
ANAMBRA SE 140.00 14.37 10.27%
CROSS RIVERS SS 176.30 41.54 23.56%
DELTA SS 391.51 46.00 11.66%
EBONYI SE 99.80 19.26 19.30%
IMO SE 137.00 14.16 10.34%
KEBBI NW 131.70 50.80 38.57%
NASARAWA NC 114.50 35.82 31.28%
OYO SW 188.00 25.70 13.67%
PLATEAU NC 228.00 43.20 18.95%
RIVERS SS 485.52 46.57 9.59%
ZAMFARA NW 114.80 17.80 15.51%
Kebbi State allocated 38.57% of total budget to
Social Services, followed by Nasarawa, 31.28%,
and Cross Rivers, 23.56% respectively.

11. SOCIAL SERVICES & EDUCATION
STATE ZONE SOCIAL SERVICES EDUCATION EDUCATION %
ANAMBRA SE 14.37 7.17 49.90%
CROSS RIVERS SS 41.54 23.73 57.12%
DELTA SS 46.00 15.00 32.87%
IMO SE 14.16 8.55 60.39%
KEBBI NW 50.80 11.20 22.05%
NASARAWA NC 35.82 12.05 33.64%
PLATEAU NC 43.20 19.99 46.26%
RIVERS SS 46.57 30.00 64.43%
Rivers, Imo, and Cross Rivers States, allocated
64.43%, 60.39%, and 57.12% of Social Services to
their Education respectively.

12. GOVT BUDGET & EDUCATION
STATE ZONE STATE BUDGET EDUCATION EDUCATION %
ANAMBRA SE 140.00 7.17 5.12%
BAYELSA SS 299.20 26.90 8.99%
CROSS RIVERS SS 176.30 23.73 13.46%
DELTA SS 391.51 15.00 3.83%
EDO SS 159.21 15.00 9.42%
EKITI SW 103.00 15.40 14.95%
ENUGU SE 93.20 5.78 6.20%
GOMBE NE 107.40 9.22 8.58%
IMO SE 137.00 8.55 6.24%
KEBBI NW 131.70 11.20 8.50%
KOGI NW 128.70 6.06 4.71%
KWARA NC 124.50 19.70 15.83%
LAGOS SW 489.69 77.42 15.81%
NASARAWA NC 114.50 12.05 10.52%
OGUN SW 210.20 43.99 20.93%
PLATEAU NC 228.00 19.99 8.77%
RIVERS SS 485.52 30.00 6.18%
SOKOTO NW 126.00 9.00 7.14%
Ogun, Kwara, and Lagos States, allocated 20.93%,
15.83%, and 15.81% of State budget to their
Education respectively.

13. CANDIDATES’ PERFORMANCE IN MAY/JUNE WAEC 2014

14. ZONAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WAEC 2014
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
ANAMBRA
SE
23,009 28,709 51,718 14,985 19,109 34,094 65.92
ABIA 26,689 29,610 56,299 15,347 17,600 32,947 58.52
ENUGU 20,425 25,686 46,111 10,787 13,148 23,935 51.91
IMO 21,900 24,459 46,359 8,514 10,325 18,839 40.64
EBONYI 12,761 12,677 25,438 4,652 4,518 9,170 36.05
TOTAL 104,784 121,141 225,925 54,285 64,700 118,985 52.67
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
EDO
SS
33,079 31,330 64,409 18,479 18,763 37,242 57.82
BAYELSA 10,585 9,345 19,930 5,562 4,967 10,529 52.83
RIVERS 31,897 32,461 64,358 16,566 17,402 33,968 52.78
DELTA 25,449 25,311 50,760 10,064 10,301 20,365 40.12
AKWA-IBOM 29,143 29,997 59,140 8,729 9,743 18,472 31.23
CROSS-RIVER 24,781 21,805 46,586 5,561 4,918 10,479 22.49
TOTAL 154,934 150,249 305,183 64,961 66,094 131,055 42.94
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
LAGOS
SW
71,700 74,864 146,564 32,334 34,885 67,219 45.86
EKITI 11,373 10,905 22,278 3,570 3,960 7,530 33.80
ONDO 20,323 18,474 38,797 6,439 6,133 12,572 32.40
OGUN 35,156 35,318 70,474 9,313 9,661 18,974 26.92
OSUN 24,421 23,251 47,672 4,665 4,651 9,316 19.54
OYO 39,340 38,332 77,672 7,491 7,263 14,754 19.00
TOTAL 202,313 201,144 403,457 63,812 66,553 130,365 32.31

15. ZONAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WAEC 2014
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
TARABA
NE
15,481 9,107 24,588 2,329 1,433 3,762 15.30
BORNO 19,350 12,633 31,983 2,845 2,021 4,866 15.21
ADAMAWA 17,700 12,535 30,235 1,510 1,136 2,646 8.75
GOMBE 12,356 7,146 19,502 593 514 1,107 5.68
BAUCHI 19,501 9,831 29,332 896 652 1,548 5.28
YOBE 11,049 4,261 15,310 487 256 743 4.85
TOTAL 95,437 55,513 150,950 8,660 6,012 14,672 9.72
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
KWARA
NC
18,302 15,543 33,845 5,058 4,941 9,999 29.54
BENUE 29,339 21,794 51,133 7,884 5,851 13,735 26.86
KOGI 24,230 18,785 43,015 5,978 4,746 10,724 24.93
PLATEAU 28,805 23,647 52,452 5,850 4,359 10,209 19.46
NASSARAWA 27,991 19,307 47,298 4,891 3,730 8,621 18.23
NIGER 31,025 20,790 51,815 4,982 4,229 9,211 17.78
KATSINA 30,298 13,245 43,543 2,868 1,681 4,549 10.45
TOTAL 189,990 133,111 323,101 37,511 29,537 67,048 20.75%
STATE ZONE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
KADUNA
NW
58,149 42,213 100,362 20,484 16,030 36,514 36.38
KANO 42,089 23,990 66,079 10,892 7,611 18,503 28.00
JIGAWA 13,546 4,247 17,793 944 386 1,330 7.47
SOKOTO 18,321 7,070 25,391 1,193 616 1,809 7.12
ZAMFARA 21,975 7,391 29,366 1,337 617 1,954 6.65
KEBBI 19,074 7,541 26,615 1,356 320 1,676 6.30
TOTAL 173,154 92,452 265,606 36,206 25,580 61,786 23.26

16. SUMMARY OF ZONAL PERFORMANCE
STATE
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES 5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
SE 104,784 121,141 225,925 54,285 64,700 118,985 52.67
SS 154,934 150,249 305,183 64,961 66,094 131,055 42.94
SW 202,313 201,144 403,457 63,812 66,553 130,365 32.31
NW 173,154 92,452 265,606 36,206 25,580 61,786 23.26
NC 189,990 133,111 323,101 37,511 29,537 67,048 20.75
NE 95,437 55,513 150,950 8,660 6,012 14,672 9.72
FCT 8,433 9,720 18,153 2,612 2,956 5,568 30.67
Except the South East with performance above
average, 52.67%, all other zones performed below
average. Evidently, we can see a side effect of Boko
Haram on the North East states.
Is there any performance difference for Male &
Female among Zones and across the Nation?

17. MALE-FEMALE PERFORMANCE
(ACROSS THE NATION)
TOTAL NO OF CANDIDATES
5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH
INCLUSIVE)
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL %
929,045 763,330 1,692,375 268,047 261,432 529,479 31.29
MALE
TOTAL 5 CREDITS
929,045 268,047 28.85%
FEMALE
TOTAL 5 CREDITS
763,330 261,432 34.25%
Clearly, Female candidates performed better across
the Nation. Also, Female candidates performed
higher than the National pass rate of 31.29%

18. MALE-FEMALE PERFORMANCE
(AMONG ZONES)
MALE FEMALE
TOTAL 5 CREDITS % TOTAL 5 CREDITS %
SE 104,784 54,285 51.81 121,141 64,700 53.41
SS 154,934 64,961 41.93 150,249 66,094 43.99
SW 202,313 63,812 31.54 201,144 66,553 33.09
NC 189,990 37,511 19.74 133,111 29,537 22.19
NE 95,437 8,660 9.07 55,513 6,012 10.83
NW 173,154 36,206 20.91 92,452 25,580 27.67
In all the Geo-political zones; Female candidates
performed better than their Male counterparts by
about 2% marginal difference each, the highest
being 7% between the North-West candidates.

19. It shows that Nigeria is not only
educating the Girl-child, but also
ensuring they excel in school!

20. EDUCATION BUDGET & WAEC PERFORMANCE
S/N STATE CANDIDATES
5 CREDITS & ABOVE (ENG. & MATH INCLUSIVE) BUDGET
TOTAL % STATE EDUCATION %
1 ANAMBRA 51,718 34,094 65.92 140.00 5.12%
2 ABIA 56,299 32,947 58.52
3 EDO 64,409 37,242 57.82 159.21 9.42%
4 BAYELSA 19,930 10,529 52.83 299.20 8.99%
5 RIVERS 64,358 33,968 52.78 485.52 6.18%
6 ENUGU 46,111 23,935 51.91 93.20 6.20%
7 LAGOS 146,564 67,219 45.86 489.69 15.81%
8 IMO 46,359 18,839 40.64 137.00 6.24%
9 DELTA 50,760 20,365 40.12 391.51 3.83%
10 KADUNA 100,362 36,514 36.38
11 EBONYI 25,438 9,170 36.05 99.80
12 EKITI 22,278 7,530 33.80 103.00 14.95%
13 ONDO 38,797 12,572 32.40
14 AKWA-IBOM 59,140 18,472 31.23
15 ABUJA 18,153 5,568 30.67
16 KWARA 33,845 9,999 29.54 124.50 15.83%
17 KANO 66,079 18,503 28.00
18 OGUN 70,474 18,974 26.92 210.20 20.93%
19 BENUE 51,133 13,735 26.86
20 KOGI 43,015 10,724 24.93 128.70 4.71%
21 CROSS-RIVER 46,586 10,479 22.49 176.30 23.73
22 OSUN 47,672 9,316 19.54
23 PLATEAU 52,452 10,209 19.46 228.00 8.77%
24 OYO 77,672 14,754 19.00 188.00
25 NASSARAWA 47,298 8,621 18.23 114.50 10.52%
26 NIGER 51,815 9,211 17.78
27 TARABA 24,588 3,762 15.30
28 BORNO 31,983 4,866 15.21
29 KATSINA 43,543 4,549 10.45
30 ADAMAWA 30,235 2,646 8.75
31 JIGAWA 17,793 1,330 7.47
32 SOKOTO 25,391 1,809 7.12 126.00 7.14%
33 ZAMFARA 29,366 1,954 6.65
34 KEBBI 26,615 1,676 6.30 131.70 8.50%
35 GOMBE 19,502 1,107 5.68 107.40 8.58%
36 BAUCHI 29,332 1,548 5.28
37 YOBE 15,310 743 4.85

21. ANY PREDICTABLE PATTERN IN
BUDGET & PERFORMANCE?
STATE PERFORMANCE % POSITION EDUCATION % POSITION
ANAMBRA 65.92 1st 5.12% 16th
BAYELSA 52.83 3rd 8.99% 8th
CROSS-RIVER 22.49 13th 23.73 1st
DELTA 40.12 8th 3.83% 18th
EDO 57.82 2nd 9.42% 7th
EKITI 33.8 9th 14.95% 5th
ENUGU 51.91 5th 6.20% 14th
GOMBE 5.68 18th 8.58% 10th
IMO 40.64 7th 6.24% 13th
KEBBI 6.3 17th 8.50% 11th
KOGI 24.93 12th 4.71% 17th
KWARA 29.54 10th 15.83% 3rd
LAGOS 45.86 6th 15.81% 4th
NASSARAWA 18.23 15th 10.52% 6th
OGUN 26.92 11th 20.93% 2nd
PLATEAU 19.46 14th 8.77% 9th
RIVERS 52.78 4th 6.18% 15th
SOKOTO 7.12 16th 7.14% 12th

22. Spearman correlation coefficient to calculate the
relationship between Performance (X) & Budget (Y)
X Y d d2
1 16 -15 225
2 7 -5 25
3 8 -5 25
4 15 -11 121
5 14 -9 81
6 4 2 4
7 13 -6 36
8 18 -10 100
9 5 4 16
10 3 7 49
11 2 9 81
12 17 -5 25
13 1 12 144
14 9 5 25
15 6 9 81
16 12 4 16
17 11 6 36
18 10 8 64
휌 = 6 x 1 1 5 4
18 (182 – 1)
1 –
휌 = -0.19091847…
This low value shows that the
correlation between
Performance in WAEC and
Education Budget is very low

23. Again, Ogun state has the highest Education
Budget (in terms of %); however, it placed 18th on
the performance table. Anambra has just 5.12% of
State budget allocated to Education but emerged
with the best outcome of 65.92% pass rate.
The conclusion therefore is that there is no
correlation between States’ Education
budget and Performance in WAEC.

24. IT DOES NOT MATTER
WHAT YOU HAVE, IT IS
THE USE OF IT THAT
COUNTS!

25. Data source:
- http://www.nigerianmuse.com/
- West African Examination Council
- Wikipedia
Analysis by: Wale Micaiah
e: walegate@yahoo.com
m: 08078001800
w: www.walemicaiah.com
w: www.statisense.com
Freely share, freely use and freely acknowledge the source – © Wale Micaiah