The document defines key volcanic terms like volcano, vent, crater, magma, lava, and plate tectonics. It then describes the main types of volcanoes including shield volcanoes formed by basalt at divergent boundaries, cinder cone volcanoes formed by andesite, and composite volcanoes formed by layers of tephra and lava at convergent boundaries. It also mentions hot spot volcanoes formed by magma breaking through the crust in areas not located at plate boundaries, like Hawaii.