The document summarizes information about volcanoes, including how they form and examples of specific volcanic events and locations. It discusses how volcanoes form from magma reaching the surface. It provides details on the historic eruptions of Krakatoa volcano between the islands of Java and Sumatra in 1883, which destroyed much of the island. It also describes observations of renewed eruptions at Anak Krakatau in 1960 with ash plumes rising thousands of feet. Hot spots like those under Hawaii are noted to be exceptions to most volcanism occurring near tectonic plate boundaries.

1. Volcano! I don’t know where I’m gonna go when the volcano blows

4. forming volcanoes A volcano will form if the magma reaches the surface. When magma does reach the surface it is then called lava.

6. Volcanoes in the Banda Sea result from subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasia Plate. Black "teeth" are on the overriding plate. Arrows show direction of movement along major transform faults.

8. Krakatoa creates caldera Krakatau volcano lies in the Sunda strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra. In about 416 A.D., caldera collapse destroyed the volcano and formed a 4-mile (7-km) wide caldera.

9. The eruption and collapse of the caldera in 1883 produced one of the largest explosions on Earth in recorded time and destroyed much of Krakatau island, leaving only a remnant. earth-shaking explosion

10. ash rises over Krakatau In 1960 scientists visited Anak Krakatau to record its renewed activity and to measure changes in the size and shape of the island. They observed explosive eruptions of pyroclasts from ash to boulders in size. A column of ash rising above Rakata, a remnant of the volcano prior to the 1883 eruption, is in the background.

11. four years of explosions Explosive eruptions occurred at half to 10-minute intervals. The largest explosions produced turbulent clouds of ash that rose 4,000 feet above the vent. In this photo a column of ash is rising about 1,500 feet (450 m) above the crater.

13. Sunset and one of the older islands.

14. Hot Spots The Hawaiian Islands, which are entirely of volcanic origin, have formed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean more than 3,200 km from the nearest plate boundary.

15. Hawaii erupts The vast majority of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries, But there are some exceptions.

16. Hotspots Artist's conception of the movement of the Pacific Plate over the fixed Hawaiian "Hot Spot," illustrating the formation of the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain.

18. Volcano life cycle

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