VoIP uses which of the following because network congestion can be s.pdf

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VoIP uses which of the following because network congestion can be such a critical problem? A. Time-division multiplexing B. TCP protocol C. VLANs technology D. Isochronous design Solution D. VoIP is very time sensitive and, as such, should be based on an isochronous design. This means that the entire system must be engineered to deliver output with exactly the same timing as the input. FireWire is another example of a device that contains an isochronous interface. Answer A is incorrect because VoIP does not use time-division multiplexing. Answer B is incorrect because VoIP uses UDP for the voice portion of the call, not TCP. Some implementations of VoIP can use TCP for setup and call control. Answer C is incorrect because VLANs are not used for timing and delay problems, but are used to separate the VoIP from general traffic to make it more secure from sniffing..

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.

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Internet Telephony, often denoted as Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), has gained more and more attention world-wide during the last decades. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology has become a communication alternative with the continuous increasing of Internet bandwidth and rapid advancement of peer-to-peer (P2P) applications.In this paper three types of VOIP are explained: (i) PC to PC : this is the easiest way to use VOIP, which enables you to talk and communicate Voice over Internet with all people over the world. (ii) PC to Phone: which need a gateway that connects IP Network to phone Network. Its uses a device called an ATA (Analogue Telephone Adaptor).The ATA allows you to connect a standard phone to your computer or your Internet connection for use with VOIP. The ATA is an analogue to digital converter. (iii) Phone to Phone: Where you need more gateways that connect IP network to phone networks, more phone networks that connect Telephone set to gateway, and IP network that connect gateway to gateway. This paper also explains Internet Protocol (IP) that VOIP uses to transmit voice as packets over an IP network as follows: H.323 Protocols that provides the technical requirements for voice communication over LANs, while assuming that Quality of Service isn't provided by LANs. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) standard which is the standard for establishing VOIP connections. This paper also explores Voice XML which is a markup language derived from XML for writing telephone-based speech applications.In this paper also VoiceXML developed environments(Gateways) are explained, where a list of all VoiceXML developers is included, and the most popular VoiceXML development environments (Gateways) are explained in details.Finally, in this paper ten VoiceXML applications are developed

In 1998, Congress passed legislation concerning shifting the burden .pdf

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In 1998, Congress passed legislation concerning shifting the burden of proof to the IRS. The taxpayer must introduce \"credible evidence\" to shift the burden of proof to the IRS. What constitutes \"credible evidence?\" Solution Credible evidence is not evidence which is necessarily true, but is evidence worthy of belief, that is, worthy to be considered by the jury. It is often natural, reasonable and probable as to make it easy to believe. Pursuant to 89 Ill. (Adm. Code 300.20), \"Credible evidence of child abuse or neglect\" means that the available facts, when viewed in light of surrounding circumstances, would cause a reasonable person to believe that a child was abused or neglected.” The 1998 tax law has provided that the burden of proof in tax court cases will be on the government, not the taxpayer. However, it also provides that this can be shifted back to the taxpayer in a number of circumstances, mostly involving lack of taxpayer cooperation with examinations. The issue of who bears the burden of proof is important, even if your case, like most, never goes as far as the tax court. This is because the burden will operate as a background issue that will tend to help to affect the settlement posture of both the taxpayer and the IRS. The burden of production, also known as the burden of going forward, is the burden of providing sufficient evidence on an issue in order to prevail in the dispute. In Tax Court cases initiated by the IRS, the government bears the burden of production. IRS is internal reserve service. In order to avoid a shift-back in the burden of proof, the taxpayer must meet his burden of production. That is, the taxpayer must meet his record-keeping, substantiation, and cooperation requirements. Conclusion: The Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 allows for the shift of the burden of proof from taxpayers to the government, and generally serves to protect the interests of taxpayers who are being audited by the IRS. This policy change benefits taxpayers, who previously had been saddled with the burden of proof in almost all civil tax matters. Taxpayers must provide substantial and credible evidence, meet record-keeping and substantiation requirements, and cooperate with the IRS. The burden of proof oftentimes does not shift to the IRS because the taxpayer feels to meet one of these important provisions. For this reason, the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 does not always provide taxpayers much relief from the previous system. From a practical standpoint, meticulous and accurate record-keeping is of the most important so that the taxpayer may be able to shift the burden of proof to IRS..

If A denotes some event, what does A denote If P(A)equals=0.997, wh.pdf

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Similar to VoIP uses which of the following because network congestion can be s.pdf

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