The document discusses the future of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and the F-Gas Regulation. It summarizes the key points made in the document, which are that the F-Gas Regulation has substantially reduced emissions but further reduction is needed. The EU Commission is considering options like banning certain HFCs, a phase-down approach, and improving containment and monitoring to further lower emissions. The industry organization EPEE supports gradually limiting HFC supply through a phase-down approach and fully implementing the current regulation.

1. Is the future of HFCs at stake ?
The F-Gas Regulation 842/2006
and its revision
Andrea Voigt
EPEE, The European Partnership for Energy and the Environment
www.epeeglobal.org
Milan, 30 March 2012

2. Who is EPEE ?
The full value chain of the
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pump sector
A major part of the European RAC & HP industry
• > 200,000 employees in Europe
• > € 30 billion turnover in Europe

3. EPEE’s mission is to promote:
Environmental
Compliance
Energy
Efficiency Safety
Affordability

4. EPEE’s main fields of activities
• Promote Energy Efficiency
– Ecodesign Directive
– Energy Efficiency Directive
– Eco Label and Energy Label
– Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
– Renewable Energies Directive …
• The F-Gas Regulation and its revision
– Maintain and strengthen the F-Gas Regulation
– Support a technically and economically feasible phase-down
• Raise awareness on Market Surveillance
– Importance of properly enforcing and policing legislation
• Promote an HVACR association network at EU level

5. F-Gases:
The importance of the global context
• By 2050, developing countries
will be responsible for 76% of
global HFC emissions
Quick gains on a • Stationary A/C and
global level are key Commercial refrigeration will
then account for approx. 60%
of global F-Gas emissions
Source: Projections of global emissions of fluorinated GHG in 2050, Ökorecherche

6. The global political context
Montreal Protocol UNFCCC
A: Global B: No Global
Phase-down Phase-Down
EU 20-20-20 targets & EU 2050 low carbon roadmap
EU Bans F-Gas Reg
Phase-down

7. A global phase-down agreement is unlikely to
happen in the near future
Montreal Protocol UNFCCC What is likely to happen:
• EU wants to achieve its
B: No Global ambitious climate targets and
Phase-Down f-gases are part of the picture
• The F-Gas Regulation will
continue to play an important
EU 20-20-20 targets & EU 2050 roadmap role but is likely to be
completed by additional
measures
• Bans will be considered
EU Phase- Bans F-Gas
down • EU phase-down will be
considered
Confidential - for internal use only

8. The EU’s political context
The process of the F-gas Revision
Art. 10 of the F-Gas Regulation 842 / 2006:
• By 4 July 2011, the Commission shall publish a report based on the experience of the
application of this Regulation.
• Where necessary, the Commission shall present appropriate proposals for revision of the
relevant provisions of this Regulation.
Ökorecherche 1. EU COMMISSION REPORT 
report Experience with 842/2006 & Need for further action
Stakeholders
YES: Revision  NO: Revision
Öko-Institut
2. EU COMMISSION
report
Impact assessment on different policy options
Stakeholders
EU COMMISSION legislative proposal

9. Does the F-Gas Regulation work?
YES: it reduces emissions substantially
Source:
- 46%
- 44%
BAU
- 28%
F-Gas
Reg
Source: Commission report Oct 2011
If all provisions of F-Gas Regulation and MAC Directive are fully
applied, emissions will at least stabilise at today’s levels despite
market growth

10. But: further reduction is needed
The Commission Report
Key points: Suggestions to further reduce emissions:
1.It is still too early to quantify the effect of
the Regulation’s containment and recovery 1. Drive transition to technologies with lower
provisions GWP. Savings potential up to 70 mt CO2eq:
– Phase-down: cost estimated to be < 20€/to CO2eq
2.If all provisions are fully applied in all – Bans
Member States, the Regulation & the MAC – Voluntary agreements
Directive would stabilise EU-27 emissions at
today’s levels of 110 million tonnes of
2. Improve containment and recovery
CO2eq – despite the growing use of HFCs
provisions:
– Cost effectiveness questioned: 41€/to CO2eq
3.In the context of the overall EU-objective to
– Full implementation required
cut emissions by 80-95% by 2050, stabilising
– Extension to transport refrigeration considered
the F-Gas emissions at today’s level is not
adequate. More efforts are required.
3. Improve monitoring
– Extend to pre-charged products and equipment
4.The Commission supports global action imported or exported from EU
under the MP to phase-down HFCs – Enhance MS reporting systems for emission data
4. Take account of latest scientific information
– Fluids to be considered
– GWP values to be considered (4th IPCC)

11. EU Commission stakeholder meeting Feb 13:
„There is no silver bullet“
• COM confirms the will to revise the F-gas regulation
• Legislative proposal expected in the autumn 2012
• COM believes a policy mix is necessary to take into account the
different characteristics of various sectors. Main options:
– Voluntary agreements
– Improve containment (scope, standards,...)
– Progressively limiting supply of F gases (phase-down)
– Certain use and marketing prohibitions for new equipment (bans)
• COM recognizes that there is no silver bullet in terms of refrigerants
• A great majority of stakeholders from industry, non-governmental
organisations and environmental agencies support the phase-down
principle

12. What is the way forward for our industry?
The EPEE roadmap
Phase down
Improvement
Full
implementation

13. Introduction
• The following results are based on latest scientific data of the French
research bodies ARMINES and ERIE.
• The full study « previsions on banks and emissions from 2006 to
2030 for the European Union » is available upon request from EPEE.
• The study develops two scenarios (F-Gas & F-Gas Plus) on how
emissions, banks and demand could develop from 2010 until 2030.
The F-Gas scenario is based on current market trends, the F-Gas Plus
scenario is based on an accelerated introduction of lower GWP
refrigerants.
Results include “best non-available technologies” for which
currently no feasibility studies have been carried out by
product (OEM) manufacturers.

14. What is the way forward for our industry?
The EPEE roadmap
Full
implementation

15. 1. Full Implementation of the F-Gas Reg.:
At least 15% emission reduction
• 1990 – 2010: -13%
Despite more than a
doubling of the
refrigerant bank (from
1990-2010 2010-2030
200kt to 510kt), CO2 eq
emissions decreased
by 13% (from 170 to
147million tonnes).
• 2010 – 2030: -15%
Market growth suggests
a growth of the bank by
-13% -15% 75% (from 510kt to
900kt), but CO2eq
emissions are set to
decrease further by at
least 15% (from 147 to
124 million tonnes).
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011: previsions on banks and emissions in the EU, « F-Gas Scenario »

16. 1.1 Full implementation – Key success factors:
Incorporation of current market trends
• Introduction of new technologies
• Introduction of lower GWP refrigerants
• Retrofits and renewal of HCFC equipment
• Refrigerant choice is a key success factor
Examples for the potential refrigerant mix in 2030
Supermarkets Split A/C > 5 kW Warehouses
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011, « F-Gas Scenario ». *REF700 = refrigerant/blend with GWP<700

17. 1.2 Full implementation – Key success factors:
Lower emission factors – higher recovery efficiency
2010 vs 2030 2010 vs 2030
Lower emission factors Higher recovery
(average values per application) efficiency at end of life
(average values per application)
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011: previsions on banks and emissions in the EU, « F-Gas Scenario »

18. What is the way forward for our industry?
The EPEE roadmap
Improvement
Full
implementation

19. 2. Improvements
Potential to further increase emission reduction
General: Measures targeted at member states:
• Broadening of the scope: Refrigerated • Ensure systematic controls by assigned
transport should be included. market surveillance authorities in the
Measures targeted at operators: member states. The European Commission
should start infringement procedures if
• Information campaigns to make sure that
Member States are not compliant with the F-
operators understand their obligations and
Gas rules.
improve compliance.
Measures targeted at installers: Strong EU-wide standards:
• Reduction of emission rates: EN 378…
• Extend liability to companies/personnel who
interfere with or break into the refrigerant • Mutual recognition of training and
circuit. certification schemes: CEN 13313
Measures targeted at sales channel End of life:
• Distributors and retailers should only be • Recovery, recycling and reclaim of
allowed to sell refrigerant and/or refrigerants need to be improved by
subcontract work to duly certified incentivizing installers and operators
companies.
• Reduce administrative burden related to
transportation of recovered refrigerants.

20. What is the way forward for our industry?
The EPEE roadmap
Phase down
Improvement
Full
implementation

21. 3. Phase-Down
Emission reduction up to 60%
• 1990 – 2010: -13%
Despite more than a
doubling of the
1990 - 2010 2010 - 2030 refrigerant bank (from
200kt to 510kt), CO2 eq
emissions decreased
by 13% (from 170 to
147million tonnes).
• 2010 – 2030: -60%
Market growth suggests
a growth of the bank by
-13% -60%
60% (from 510kt to
800kt), but CO2eq
emissions are
expected to decrease
further by 60% (from
147 to 57 million tonnes).
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011: previsions on banks and emissions in the EU, « F-Gas Plus Scenario »

22. 3.1 Phase-Down – Key success factors
Accelerated introduction of lower GWP alternatives
Supermarkets Split A/C > 5 kW Warehouses
Potential refrigerant mix in 2030: shift from « F-Gas » to « F-Gas Plus »
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011, « F-Gas Plus Scenario ». *REF700 = refrigerant/blend with GWP<700, REF300=GWP<300

23. 3.2 Phase-Down – Key success factors
2006 / 2030 F-Gas / 2030 F-Gas Plus
Emission factors
• Accelerated
introduction of lower
GWP refrigerants and
new technologies
• Reduction in
refrigerant charges
• Further improved
Recovery efficiency:
emission factors
• Further improved end
of life recovery
efficiency
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011, « F-Gas » and « F-Gas Plus Scenario »

24. EPEE roadmap results
CO2eq emission
reduction
Phase down
-60%
Improvement
-15%
Full
implementation

25. The EPEE Roadmap and the COM report
Commission EU COM: F-Gases without additional measures - 46%
Armines / ERIE - 44%
- 28%
CFC+HCFC+HFC
- 15% (F-Gas)
- 60% (F-Gas Plus)
Armines/ERIE expect a 15% emission reduction without additional measures and
even 60% in case of an accelerated transition to lower GWP refrigerants and use of
best non-available technology.
Source: ARMINES/ERIE 2011, « F-Gas » and « F-Gas Plus Scenario »

26. Conclusion:
EPEE’s five main recommendations
1. EPEE calls for a holistic approach with a focus on overall CO2
emissions
2. Four attributes (Safety, Environment, Economy and Energy
Efficiency) must be taken into consideration when making decisions
3. Energy efficiency and safety are key for industry and society
4. A realistic and balanced phase-down provides regulatory
certainty on CO2 equivalents => along with energy efficiency
mandates, this ensures success for 2020 and for future targets
5. No prescriptive bans as these may turn out to be counter
productive for energy efficient systems