The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice and provides rules for changing sentences from active to passive voice according to tense. It explains that in the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and the subject becomes an object introduced by "by". For each tense such as present indefinite, past continuous, etc., it gives an example of the equivalent sentence structures in both active and passive voice. The document also covers special cases and exceptions in changing voice.

1. 1:
Voice Change
Voice mainly twoin types:
1. Active&
2. Passive
Now we will discussed about their basic characteristics –
Active voice: Same structure as tense.
Passive voice:
a. Main verb-3rd form
b. Come ‘by’ after main verb
c. Subject placed object and objectplaced subject. And subject takes its objectform. For
examples:
Subject Object
I Me
We Us
They Them
He Him
She Her
Basic rules for voice changing:
1. Continuous tense →→ being
2. Perfecttense →→ been
3. When changing from activeto passive indefinite tense alwaystakes its related continuous
tense’s auxiliary verb.
4. kSome exceptional words ‘by’ isn’t used after these:
Know To
Annoy With
Surprise At
Satisfied With

2. 2:
Changing voice according to Tense:
Tense Active voice (like tense structure) Passive voice
PresentIndefinite Sub+verb+object.
= I eatrice
Obj+ am/is/are+V3+by+objectiveform
of the subject.
= Rice iseatenbyme
Present
Continuous
Sub+ am/is/are+verb+ing+object.
= I am eatingrice
Obj+am/is/are+being+V3+by+obj form
of the subject.
=rice isbeingeatenbyme
PresentPerfect Sub+have/has+V3+obj.
=I have eatenrice
Obj+have/has+been+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice has beeneatenbyme
Past Indefinite Sub+ V2+object.
=I ate rice
Obj+was/were+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice was eatenbyme
Past Continuous Sub+ was/were+verb+ing+obj.
=I was eatingrice
Obj+was/were+being+V3+by+obj form
of subject.
=Rice is beingeatenbyme
Past Perfect Sub+had+V3+obj.
=I had eatenrice
Obj+had+been+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice had beeneatenbyme
Future Indefinite Sub+shall/will+verb+obj.
=I shall eatrice
Obj+shall/will+be+V3+by+obj formof
subject.
=Rice will be eatenbyme
Future Continuous Sub+shall/will+be+verb+ing+obj.
=I shall be eatingrice
Obj+shall/will+be+being+V3+by+obj
formof subject.
= Rice will be beingeatenbyme
Future Perfect Sub+ shall/will+have+V3+obj.
=I shall have eatenrice
Obj+shall/will+have +been+V3+by+obj
formof subject.
=Rice will have beeneatenbyme
Other Rules:
1. If there is no objectthen use – someone, somebody, we, people, authority etc.
Ex: His pen has been stolen.
Someone has stolen his pen.
2. If there is ‘one of+should’ at the starting of the sentence then – at first, subjective form of the
object/object+should be+V3 + extension.
For example: One should take care of one’s health
- Health should be taken care of .

3. 3:
3. Use of‘Who’:
By whom+auxiliary verb+subject+V3
For example: Who has broken the glass?
-By whomhas the glass been broken?
Whotorn the page?
-By whom is the page torn?
4. Use of‘Whom& What’:
Whom willchange into ‘who’, what will be unchanged.
For example: Whom is he teaching English?
-Whois being taught English by him?
What do you want?
-Whatis wanted by you?
5. Use ofModal Auxiliary(may,might,can, could,must, oughtto, goingto etc.)
Subject+ modal verbs+ be+V3+ regular form.
For Example: I may help you.
- Youmay be helped by me.
6. Imperativesentence:
Let+subject’s objective form+be+V3+extension
For Example: Do the work.
-let the workbe done.
Shut the door
-let the door be shut
Write the letter withoutany delay
-let the letter be written withoutany delay.
Don’t do the work.
-Let not the workbe done.
Don’t play footballat noon.
-Let not footballbe played at noon.
Let me do the work
- Let the workbe done by me
Never tell a lie

4. 4:
- Let never a lie be told
7. InterrogativeSentence:
Have youeaten rice?
Asser: you have eaten rice
Passive: Rice have been eaten by you.
Interro: Have rice been eaten by you?
Is he reading a book?
- Is a bookbeing read by him?
Do youknow them?
- Do they knownto you?
Exceptionals:
 Honey tastes sweet.
-Honey is tasted sweet.
-Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
 Rice sells cheap.
-Rice is sold cheap.
© Abdullah-Al-Mahmud
Dept. of Information Science & Library Management,
University of Rajshahi.
☺01755484957