The document discusses allegations of scientific misconduct against Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel. It describes how Stapel is accused of fabricating research results and falsifying data in multiple studies. A commission was formed to investigate the accusations, which found that Stapel had likely fabricated all of his published work. The misconduct has prompted concerns about the oversight of research in the Netherlands and calls for reform.
This is the presentation material used for the VOGIN-IP lezing 28 februari 2013 by Marina Noordegraaf. If you want to hear more about the context and meaning of the images, you know whom you might ask ;-) For the version WITH animations go to http://dl.dropbox.com/u/18649633/VOGINIP280213Slideshare.pptx
De spelregels van de publieke informatieruimte worden opnieuw geschreven. In deze presentatie nemen Frank Huysmans en Marina Noordegraaf je mee in de digitale wereld, waarin toegang tot informatie niet vanzelfsprekend is en soms wordt verzameld zonder dat je het weet.
De presentatie spoort kenniswerkers aan om positie te nemen en hun gebruikers de weg te wijzen naar hun rechten in een gedigitaliseerde maatschappij.
Prof. Bob de Graaff sprak op de VOGIN-IP-lezing op 26 maart 2015, over de veranderingen in de wereld van de inlichtingendiensten; door ontwikkelingen op internet kan nu iedereen zijn eigen inlichtingendienst zijn
This is the presentation material used for the VOGIN-IP lezing 28 februari 2013 by Marina Noordegraaf. If you want to hear more about the context and meaning of the images, you know whom you might ask ;-) For the version WITH animations go to http://dl.dropbox.com/u/18649633/VOGINIP280213Slideshare.pptx
De spelregels van de publieke informatieruimte worden opnieuw geschreven. In deze presentatie nemen Frank Huysmans en Marina Noordegraaf je mee in de digitale wereld, waarin toegang tot informatie niet vanzelfsprekend is en soms wordt verzameld zonder dat je het weet.
De presentatie spoort kenniswerkers aan om positie te nemen en hun gebruikers de weg te wijzen naar hun rechten in een gedigitaliseerde maatschappij.
Prof. Bob de Graaff sprak op de VOGIN-IP-lezing op 26 maart 2015, over de veranderingen in de wereld van de inlichtingendiensten; door ontwikkelingen op internet kan nu iedereen zijn eigen inlichtingendienst zijn
Voginip lezing 2015: Classificeren zonder voorbeeldentmensink
Traditionele beeld-classificatiesystemen zijn getraind op basis van handmatig gelabelde voorbeelden. Per concept is een groot aantal voorbeelden gelabeld, en dan wordt met behulp van machine-learning technieken een classificatiesysteem aangeleerd. Maar wat als het concept waarin je geïnteresseerd bent, niet tussen die voorbeelden staat? In deze voordracht bespreek ik machine-learning methoden die ook zonder expliciete voorbeelden beelden kunnen classificeren voor een specifiek concept.
Traditional visual classification systems are trained based on manually labeled examples. For each concept a large number of images are annotated, on which a classifier is trained. But what if your desired class or label is not in the vocabulary? In this presentation I discuss techniques used to classify without any examples. My results and methods are based on computer vision applications, but the underlying ideas can be used in other domains as well.
Sinds de publicatie van het “Altmetrics manifesto” door Jason Priem en de zijnen heeft dit onderwerp een grote vlucht genomen. In het huidige bibliometrics landschap krijgt het onderzoek naar andere mogelijkheden om impact van publicaties en onderzoek te meten een prominente plaats. Tegenwoordig willen onderzoekers niet alleen maar beoordeeld worden op basis van Impact Factoren en versterken zij de roep om alternatieve methoden om impact te beoordelen. In het kader van onderzoeksondersteuning kunnen bibliotheken in dit domein een nieuwe en belangrijke rol spelen. In deze sessie worden de ontwikkelingen tegen het licht gehouden en sterke en zwakke punten blootgelegd. Tijdens de workshop wordt ingegaan op de verschillende indicatoren voor het bepalen van de impact van tijdschriften, artikelen, onderzoeksgroepen en onderzoekers. Tools, methoden en het laatste onderzoek komen aan bod.
Presentation of NewsReader as keynote for VOGIN-IP 2015. Can we handle the news? How computers reads millions of news articles to extract what, when, where and who is involved over longer periods of time. News reading technology is developed for 4 languages (English, Dutch Spanish and Italian), creating RDF from text.
The performance achieved by today’s new
smartphones and tablets is enabling businesses
to come up with ever more innovative services
for their target audiences, but also with new
ways of working and interacting.
Among the many new mobile projects created
for our clients, we have been able to sense
the outstanding creative potential of these
tools, both for the design teams and the users
themselves, who are driving this (r)evolution
in phone use. More relevant and responsive
marketing campaigns through more detailed
knowledge of consumers (geolocation), which
has the added benefit of being available at any
time, improvements in customer relations with
a new and dynamic role for sales, instant
access to reliable data, more effective and
user-friendly marketing and communication
resources, increased compagny performance
and productivity through the simplification of
processes, faster deployment within teams, and
easier change management thanks to the sheer
fun and enjoyability of these new resources…
You will discover some of these many benefits
over the next few pages of this new edition of
SqliMag, entirely dedicated to mobile projects.
Our teams are bursting with ideas for new interactive
services and solutions, accessible via
these new devices. They can also help making
your new ideas become real…
Voginip lezing 2015: Classificeren zonder voorbeeldentmensink
Traditionele beeld-classificatiesystemen zijn getraind op basis van handmatig gelabelde voorbeelden. Per concept is een groot aantal voorbeelden gelabeld, en dan wordt met behulp van machine-learning technieken een classificatiesysteem aangeleerd. Maar wat als het concept waarin je geïnteresseerd bent, niet tussen die voorbeelden staat? In deze voordracht bespreek ik machine-learning methoden die ook zonder expliciete voorbeelden beelden kunnen classificeren voor een specifiek concept.
Traditional visual classification systems are trained based on manually labeled examples. For each concept a large number of images are annotated, on which a classifier is trained. But what if your desired class or label is not in the vocabulary? In this presentation I discuss techniques used to classify without any examples. My results and methods are based on computer vision applications, but the underlying ideas can be used in other domains as well.
Sinds de publicatie van het “Altmetrics manifesto” door Jason Priem en de zijnen heeft dit onderwerp een grote vlucht genomen. In het huidige bibliometrics landschap krijgt het onderzoek naar andere mogelijkheden om impact van publicaties en onderzoek te meten een prominente plaats. Tegenwoordig willen onderzoekers niet alleen maar beoordeeld worden op basis van Impact Factoren en versterken zij de roep om alternatieve methoden om impact te beoordelen. In het kader van onderzoeksondersteuning kunnen bibliotheken in dit domein een nieuwe en belangrijke rol spelen. In deze sessie worden de ontwikkelingen tegen het licht gehouden en sterke en zwakke punten blootgelegd. Tijdens de workshop wordt ingegaan op de verschillende indicatoren voor het bepalen van de impact van tijdschriften, artikelen, onderzoeksgroepen en onderzoekers. Tools, methoden en het laatste onderzoek komen aan bod.
Presentation of NewsReader as keynote for VOGIN-IP 2015. Can we handle the news? How computers reads millions of news articles to extract what, when, where and who is involved over longer periods of time. News reading technology is developed for 4 languages (English, Dutch Spanish and Italian), creating RDF from text.
The performance achieved by today’s new
smartphones and tablets is enabling businesses
to come up with ever more innovative services
for their target audiences, but also with new
ways of working and interacting.
Among the many new mobile projects created
for our clients, we have been able to sense
the outstanding creative potential of these
tools, both for the design teams and the users
themselves, who are driving this (r)evolution
in phone use. More relevant and responsive
marketing campaigns through more detailed
knowledge of consumers (geolocation), which
has the added benefit of being available at any
time, improvements in customer relations with
a new and dynamic role for sales, instant
access to reliable data, more effective and
user-friendly marketing and communication
resources, increased compagny performance
and productivity through the simplification of
processes, faster deployment within teams, and
easier change management thanks to the sheer
fun and enjoyability of these new resources…
You will discover some of these many benefits
over the next few pages of this new edition of
SqliMag, entirely dedicated to mobile projects.
Our teams are bursting with ideas for new interactive
services and solutions, accessible via
these new devices. They can also help making
your new ideas become real…
Yes systems engineering, you are a disciplineJoseph KAsser
Systems engineering is currently characterized by conflicting and contradictory opinions on its nature. The paper begins by describing the evolution of systems engineering in the National Council on Systems Engineering (NCOSE)/ International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and the difficulty in defining and differentiating systems engineering as a discipline. The paper then identifies and discusses six different and somewhat contradictory camps or perspectives of systems engineering. After identifying the cause of the contradictions the paper suggests one way to reconcile the camps is to dissolve the problem to distinguish between the activity known as systems engineering and the role of the systems engineer with a return to the old pre-NCOSE systems engineering paradigm. The paper then continues by testing the hypothesis and shows that systems engineering is a discipline that can be differentiated from other disciplines. However, it is not a traditional engineering discipline.
The ninth KM Australia Congress - http://www.kmaustralia.com
KM Australia Congress: An Academy of Knowledge Management and Content
Social Media and Collaboration
Change Management and Culture
Learning and Performance
Content and Information Management
Communication and Leadership
Take part in conversations with:
University of Oxford
United Nations Development Programme (Thai land)
US Army
Wood Group PSN
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Bangkok University
Strategic Knowledge Solutions
Working Knowledge CSP
Glentworth
Genea
Hunter Water
Department of Primary Industry (VIC)
Ezypay
Cancer Counci l Austral ia
NSW Treasury
Ernst & Young
Actionable Metrics at Production Scale - LSPE Meetup June 27, 2012SOASTA
Presentation to Large Scale Production Engineering meetup at Yahoo campus on June 27, 2012. Dan Bartow, VP Product Management at SOASTA discussed critical performance metrics.
Social media & web analytics innovation procopio-2012-04Michael Procopio
My presentation from the Social media & web analytics innovation conference April 2012 in San Francisco put on by theiegroup.com.
I cover examples of gaining insights on products from social media conversations
Managing Metadata for Science and Technology Studies: the RISIS caseRinke Hoekstra
Presentation of our paper at the WHISE workshop at ESWC 2016 on requirements for metadata over non-public datasets for the science & technology studies field.
Prov-O-Viz is a visualisation service for provenance graphs expressed using the W3C PROV vocabulary. It uses the Sankey-style visualisation from D3js.
See http://provoviz.org
Linkitup: Link Discovery for Research DataRinke Hoekstra
Linkitup is a Web-based dashboard for enrichment of research output published via industry grade data repository services. It takes metadata entered through Figshare.com and tries to find equivalent terms, categories, persons or entities on the Linked Data cloud and several Web 2.0 services. It extracts references from publications, and tries to find the corresponding Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Linkitup feeds the enriched metadata back as links to the original article in the repository, but also builds a RDF representation of the metadata that can be downloaded separately, or published as research output in its own right. In this paper, we compare Linkitup to the standard workflow of publishing linked data, and show that it significantly lowers the threshold for publishing linked research data.
A Network Analysis of Dutch Regulations - Using the Metalex Document ServerRinke Hoekstra
In this paper we explore the possibilities of using the Linked Data representation of all Dutch regulations stored in the MetaLex Doc- ument Server for the purposes of network analysis over the citation graph between regulations, both at the document level, and at the article level. We show that this is possible using relatively straightforward SPARQL queries, and present preliminary results of the analysis.
A Network Analysis of Dutch Regulations. Rinke Hoekstra. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.689880
Retrieved 11:12, Oct 07, 2013 (GMT)
This presentation describes the use by Data2Semantics (http://www.data2semantics.org) of the VIVO portal (http://vivoweb.org) for interlinking researchers contributing to projects within the COMMIT programme (http://www.commit-nl.nl).
The Data2Semantics project (COMMIT P23) is all about enriching research data, and making it more reusable for future research. Using Linked Data for this task is a fairly obvious step to make (surprise!). However, there are several shortcomings the current practices in publishing Linked Data, that calls for a slightly
different approach which (hopefully) bridges a gap between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. I will present a proof-of-concept service (Linkitup) that works on top of existing scientific data repositories, and allows individual researchers to enrich their data with additional (linked) metadata.
Talk about the use of Linked Data in historical research on census data. Has some slides about TabLInker as well (http://github.com/Data2Semantics/TabLinker). Part of the data2semantics project (http://data2semantics.org)
Presentatie voor de Belastingdienst in het kader van een onderzoek naar de (on)mogelijkheden rond het herkennen en extraheren van concepten en hun definities, en het representeren daarvan met Semantic Web standaarden.
History of Knowledge Representation (SIKS Course 2010)Rinke Hoekstra
The goal of AI research is the simulation and approximation of human intelligence by computers. To a large extent this comes down to the development of computational reasoning services that allow machines to solve problems. Robots are the stereotypical example: imagine what a robot needs to know before it is able to interact with the world the way we do? It needs to have a highly accurate internal representation of reality. It needs to turn perception into action, know how to reach its goals, what objects it can use to its advantage, what kinds of objects exist, etc.
The field of knowledge representation (KR) tries to deal with the problems surrounding the incorporation of some body of knowledge (in whatever form) in a computer system, for the purpose of automated, intelligent reasoning. In this sense, knowledge representation is the basic research topic in AI. Any artificial intelligence is dependent on knowledge, and thus on a representation of that knowledge. The history of knowledge representation has been nothing less than turbulent. The roller coaster of promise of the 50's and 60's, the heated debates of the 70's, the decline and realism of the 80's and the ontology and knowledge management hype of the 90's each left a clear mark on contemporary knowledge representation technology and its application.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
1. Linked Science
Building a Web of Research Data
Rinke Hoekstra
VU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam
rinke.hoekstra@vu.nl
Linked Science - Building a Web of Research Data by Rinke Hoekstra
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
2. Linked Libraries
Building a Web of Library Data
Rinke Hoekstra
VU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam
rinke.hoekstra@vu.nl
Linked Science - Building a Web of Research Data by Rinke Hoekstra
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
3. Linked Archives
Building a Web of Archived Data
Rinke Hoekstra
VU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam
rinke.hoekstra@vu.nl
Linked Science - Building a Web of Research Data by Rinke Hoekstra
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
4. Linked Government
Building a Web of Government Data
Rinke Hoekstra
VU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam
rinke.hoekstra@vu.nl
Linked Science - Building a Web of Research Data by Rinke Hoekstra
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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11. www.nature.com/nature Vol 461 | Issue no. 7261 | 10 September 2009
Data’s shameful neglect
Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible. All concerned must act accordingly.
M
ore and more often these days, a research project’s success is also the software that will help investigators to do this. One impor-
measured not just by the publications it produces, but also by tant facet is metadata management software: tools that streamline
the data it makes available to the wider community. Pioneer- the tedious process of annotating data with a description of what the
ing archives such as GenBank have demonstrated just how powerful bits mean, which instrument collected them, which algorithms have
such legacy data sets can be for generating new discoveries — espe- been used to process them and so on — information that is essential
cially when data are combined from many laboratories and analysed if other scientists are to reuse the data effectively.
in ways that the original researchers could not have anticipated. Also necessary, especially in an era when data can be mixed and
All but a handful of disciplines still lack the technical, institutional combined in unanticipated ways, is software that can keep track of
and cultural frameworks required to support such open data access which pieces of data came from whom. Such systems are essential if
(see pages 168 and 171) — leading to a scandalous shortfall in the tenure and promotion committees are ever to give credit — as they
sharing of data by researchers (see page 160). This deficiency urgently should — to candidates’ track-record of
needs to be addressed by funders, universities and the researchers data contribution. “Data management
themselves. Who should host these data? Agencies should be woven
Research funding agencies need to recognize that preservation of and the research community together into every course in
and access to digital data are central to their mission, and need to need to create the digital equivalent science.”
be supported accordingly. Organizations in the United Kingdom, of libraries: institutions that can take
for instance, have made a good start. The Joint Information Systems responsibility for preserving digital data and making them accessible
Committee, established by the seven UK research councils in 1993, over the long term. The university research libraries themselves are
has made data-sharing a priority, and has helped to establish a Digital obvious candidates to assume this role. But whoever takes it on, data
Curation Centre, headquartered at the University of Edinburgh, to be preservation will require robust, long-term funding. One potentially
a national focus for research and development into data issues. Other helpful initiative is the US National Science Foundation’s DataNet
European agencies have also pursued initiatives. programme, in which researchers are exploring financial mecha-
The United States, by contrast, is playing catch-up. Since 2005, a nisms such as subscription services and membership fees.
29-member Interagency Working Group on Digital Data has been Finally, universities and individual disciplines need to undertake a
trying to get US funding agencies to develop plans for how they will vigorous programme of education and outreach about data. Consider,
support data archiving — and just as importantly, to develop policies for example, that most university science students get a reasonably
on what data should and should not be preserved, and what excep- good grounding in statistics. But their studies rarely include anything
tions should be made for reasons such as patient privacy. Some agen- about information management — a discipline that encompasses the
cies have taken the lead in doing so; many more are hanging back. entire life cycle of data, from how they are acquired and stored to how
They should all being moving forwards vigorously. they are organized, retrieved and maintained over time. That needs
What is more, funding agencies and researchers alike must ensure to change: data management should be woven into every course in
that they support not only the hardware needed to store the data, but science, as one of the foundations of knowledge. ■
A step too far?
a base on the Moon, then send them to Mars. This idea immediately
set off a debate that is still continuing, in which sceptics ask whether
there is any point in returning to the Moon nearly half a century
The Obama administration must fund human space after the first landings. Why not go to Mars directly, or visit near-
flight adequately, or stop speaking of ‘exploration’. Earth asteroids, or send people to service telescopes in the deep space
beyond Earth?
12. www.nature.com/nature Vol 461 | Issue no. 7261 | 10 September 2009
Data’s shameful neglect
Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible. All concerned must act accordingly.
M
ore and more often these days, a research project’s success is also the software that will help investigators to do this. One impor-
Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made
measured not just by the publications it produces, but also by
the data it makes available to the wider community. Pioneer-
ing archives such as GenBank have demonstrated just how powerful
tant facet is metadata management software: tools that streamline
the tedious process of annotating data with a description of what the
bits mean, which instrument collected them, which algorithms have
accessible. All concerned must act accordingly.
such legacy data sets can be for generating new discoveries — espe-
cially when data are combined from many laboratories and analysed
in ways that the original researchers could not have anticipated.
been used to process them and so on — information that is essential
if other scientists are to reuse the data effectively.
Also necessary, especially in an era when data can be mixed and
All but a handful of disciplines still lack the technical, institutional combined in unanticipated ways, is software that can keep track of
and cultural frameworks required to support such open data access which pieces of data came from whom. Such systems are essential if
(see pages 168 and 171) — leading to a scandalous shortfall in the tenure and promotion committees are ever to give credit — as they
sharing of data by researchers (see page 160). This deficiency urgently should — to candidates’ track-record of
needs to be addressed by funders, universities and the researchers data contribution. “Data management
themselves. Who should host these data? Agencies should be woven
Research funding agencies need to recognize that preservation of and the research community together into every course in
and access to digital data are central to their mission, and need to need to create the digital equivalent science.”
be supported accordingly. Organizations in the United Kingdom, of libraries: institutions that can take
for instance, have made a good start. The Joint Information Systems responsibility for preserving digital data and making them accessible
Committee, established by the seven UK research councils in 1993, over the long term. The university research libraries themselves are
has made data-sharing a priority, and has helped to establish a Digital obvious candidates to assume this role. But whoever takes it on, data
Curation Centre, headquartered at the University of Edinburgh, to be preservation will require robust, long-term funding. One potentially
a national focus for research and development into data issues. Other helpful initiative is the US National Science Foundation’s DataNet
European agencies have also pursued initiatives. programme, in which researchers are exploring financial mecha-
The United States, by contrast, is playing catch-up. Since 2005, a nisms such as subscription services and membership fees.
29-member Interagency Working Group on Digital Data has been Finally, universities and individual disciplines need to undertake a
trying to get US funding agencies to develop plans for how they will vigorous programme of education and outreach about data. Consider,
support data archiving — and just as importantly, to develop policies for example, that most university science students get a reasonably
on what data should and should not be preserved, and what excep- good grounding in statistics. But their studies rarely include anything
tions should be made for reasons such as patient privacy. Some agen- about information management — a discipline that encompasses the
cies have taken the lead in doing so; many more are hanging back. entire life cycle of data, from how they are acquired and stored to how
They should all being moving forwards vigorously. they are organized, retrieved and maintained over time. That needs
What is more, funding agencies and researchers alike must ensure to change: data management should be woven into every course in
that they support not only the hardware needed to store the data, but science, as one of the foundations of knowledge. ■
A step too far?
a base on the Moon, then send them to Mars. This idea immediately
set off a debate that is still continuing, in which sceptics ask whether
there is any point in returning to the Moon nearly half a century
The Obama administration must fund human space after the first landings. Why not go to Mars directly, or visit near-
flight adequately, or stop speaking of ‘exploration’. Earth asteroids, or send people to service telescopes in the deep space
beyond Earth?
14. Fighting a Running Battle
• Too much data to make sense of 2000
SciVerse ScienceDirect
5,00
•
1500 3,75
Manual curation won’t cut it 1000 2,50
500 1,25
• Advanced search not sufficient 0
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
Articles Articles per Day
0
“Dweilen met de kraan open”
15. Fighting a Running Battle
• Too much data to make sense of 2000
SciVerse ScienceDirect
5,00
•
1500 3,75
Manual curation won’t cut it 1000 2,50
500 1,25
• Advanced search not sufficient 0
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011
Articles Articles per Day
0
We need a better hold on research data
“Dweilen met de kraan open”
16. Linked Science is an approach to interconnect scientific
assets to enable transparent, reproducible and
transdisciplinary research. LinkedScience.org is a
community driven-effort to show what this means in practice.
What does it take to make this work?
Credits to Tomi Kauppinen and Willem van Hage
http://linkedscience.org
17. Interconnect
Scientific Asset = Published Article
• Connections are citations
• They are implicit free text (≠ machine readable)
• Expensive to make explicit
• ... and hidden in silos
+ ≠
19. Interconnect
Scientific Asset = Any part of Anything Published
Articles
• Connections are typed links Datasets
• They are explicit (= machine readable) Paragraphs
Spreadsheet Cells
• ... still expensive to make explicit
Database Cells
• But exposed to the outside Annotations
Social Media
20. Transparent
• They are implicit free text (≠ machine readable)
• They have Dublin Core metadata
• No underlying data for publications
• Data published without context
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
21. Transparent
• Publications have explicit links to
methods, experiments, data
• They have rich metadata
content, hypothesis, evidence, conclusion
• Data published as Linked Data
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
22. Reproducible
• Publications abstract from research...
• Making it almost impossible to reproduce results
23. Reproducible
http://on.wsj.com/XCajtB
• Publications abstract from research...
• Making it almost impossible to reproduce results
24. Reproducible
Track and publish explicit Papers explicitly link to the
provenance information underlying provenance
Capture the processes by
which data is manipulated
25. Transdisciplinary
Applicability of results across domains: unknown
Börner K, Klavans R, Patek M, Zoss AM, Biberstine JR, et al. (2012) Design and Update of a Classification System:
The UCSD Map of Science. PLoS ONE 7(7): e39464. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039464
26. Transdisciplinary
• Unique identification
• Explicit links
• Rich metadata
• Research data
• Provenance information
28. Things to consider...
• Types of connections between scientific assets
• Portability of connections and metadata
• Granularity of connections and metadata
• Consistency of connections and metadata
• Ownership and control of connections and metadata
• Quality of connections and metadata
29. Linked Data
• Everything gets a URI
• Everything is connected as much as possible
• Everything is assigned to a category (including connections)
• When we know two things are the same, we say so
• We might even publish our data on the Web (but don’t have to)
+ =