This document discusses food chains in nature. It explains that plants like phytoplankton and algae are producers at the start of the food chain, obtaining energy through photosynthesis. Zooplankton and other organisms then consume the plants as primary consumers. Secondary consumers feed on the primary consumers, and in some ecosystems there are tertiary consumers that feed on both. Decomposer bacteria break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients. Each link in the food chain is important for the survival of the whole chain.
Forests can be classified in different ways such as by tree species, leaf properties, and amount of light. The most common forests in Montenegro are deciduous broadleaf forests, especially beech forests, which are most widespread in the northern areas. In central and southern regions, oak forests predominate while coastal areas contain evergreen hardwood forests. Coniferous forests of spruce, fir, and pine grow in the mountainous inland regions. Forests influence the environment by preventing soil erosion, absorbing water with root systems, and releasing oxygen and chemicals that destroy microorganisms.
This document discusses food chains in nature. It explains that plants like phytoplankton and algae are producers at the start of the food chain, obtaining energy through photosynthesis. Zooplankton and other organisms then consume the plants as primary consumers. Secondary consumers feed on the primary consumers, and in some ecosystems there are tertiary consumers that feed on both. Decomposer bacteria break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients. Each link in the food chain is important for the survival of the whole chain.
Forests can be classified in different ways such as by tree species, leaf properties, and amount of light. The most common forests in Montenegro are deciduous broadleaf forests, especially beech forests, which are most widespread in the northern areas. In central and southern regions, oak forests predominate while coastal areas contain evergreen hardwood forests. Coniferous forests of spruce, fir, and pine grow in the mountainous inland regions. Forests influence the environment by preventing soil erosion, absorbing water with root systems, and releasing oxygen and chemicals that destroy microorganisms.