Prisons serve the public by keeping in safe custody those committed by the courts and
treating them with humanity and helping them lead a useful life in society as law abiding
citizens after their release from the prison. Prison in India is an age old concept.In the early
periods, unused old forts were used as prison where the persons who acted against the
government were lodged. During the period of the Sultanate, there were no regular
prisons.Prisonersare one segment of the population who are treated as a special category
under the custody of court of law for their involvementin illegal activities or against the
government. In India, prison is an age old concept from accent periods but in British periods
it was regularized and a model prison was constructedand a special Act was enacted to
systemize the prison administration in India.
Prison Reform
Published by Human Rights Law Network(HRLN), a division of Socio Legal Information Centre(SLIC). For more details about our works, visit us at http://hrln.org
Analysis of Challenges faced by Indian Prison Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
This document summarizes a study on the deplorable conditions faced by women prisoners in India. Some key findings include:
- In 2015, there were 17,834 women in Indian prisons, with 66% being under trials and 32% convicts. Uttar Pradesh had the highest number at 1,033.
- Prison conditions are poor, with lack of separate facilities for women, overcrowded cells, and little access to education/vocational programs.
- Many women are unaware of their legal rights. Mental health issues are common due to the prison environment.
- The children of imprisoned women also suffer, with over 1,000 children living with their imprisoned mothers in 2015.
- To improve conditions
Prisoners have basic legal rights that cannot be taken away, including the right to food, water, and protection from torture or violence. However, torture has been widespread in Indian prisons both to extract confessions and punish prisoners. A 2001 Amnesty International report found thousands of cases of torture between 1997-2001 in most countries. If a person commits a crime, it does not mean they lose their human dignity. Several reports and courts have highlighted overcrowding, prolonged detention of undertrials, poor living conditions, torture, and lack of medical care in Indian prisons as ongoing problems.
Prisons' Right, Volume 2
Published by Human Rights Law Network(HRLN), a division of Socio Legal Information Centre(SLIC). For more details about our works, visit us at http://hrln.org
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It provides background on the origins of prisons in India under British rule and the various committees that have recommended reforms, including emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment and ensuring humane treatment of prisoners. It outlines key acts like the Prisons Act of 1894 and recommendations of committees like separating juveniles, training staff, and improving living conditions in prisons. However, comprehensive reforms to update the outdated legal framework have yet to be fully implemented.
This document provides an overview of vocational training programs for prisoners in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the history and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu, noting there are 9 central prisons, 3 special prisons for women, and 12 borstal schools among other facilities. The document examines vocational training programs that are offered, including courses in tailoring, carpentry, computer skills and more. It is noted that vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and aid rehabilitation by improving employment prospects upon release. Studies discussed found that prisoners who received vocational or educational training were less likely to re-offend and had better employment outcomes compared to those without such opportunities. The document concludes that vocational training should be provided to all prisoners
Prison Reform
Published by Human Rights Law Network(HRLN), a division of Socio Legal Information Centre(SLIC). For more details about our works, visit us at http://hrln.org
Analysis of Challenges faced by Indian Prison Systemiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
This document summarizes a study on the deplorable conditions faced by women prisoners in India. Some key findings include:
- In 2015, there were 17,834 women in Indian prisons, with 66% being under trials and 32% convicts. Uttar Pradesh had the highest number at 1,033.
- Prison conditions are poor, with lack of separate facilities for women, overcrowded cells, and little access to education/vocational programs.
- Many women are unaware of their legal rights. Mental health issues are common due to the prison environment.
- The children of imprisoned women also suffer, with over 1,000 children living with their imprisoned mothers in 2015.
- To improve conditions
Prisoners have basic legal rights that cannot be taken away, including the right to food, water, and protection from torture or violence. However, torture has been widespread in Indian prisons both to extract confessions and punish prisoners. A 2001 Amnesty International report found thousands of cases of torture between 1997-2001 in most countries. If a person commits a crime, it does not mean they lose their human dignity. Several reports and courts have highlighted overcrowding, prolonged detention of undertrials, poor living conditions, torture, and lack of medical care in Indian prisons as ongoing problems.
Prisons' Right, Volume 2
Published by Human Rights Law Network(HRLN), a division of Socio Legal Information Centre(SLIC). For more details about our works, visit us at http://hrln.org
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It provides background on the origins of prisons in India under British rule and the various committees that have recommended reforms, including emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment and ensuring humane treatment of prisoners. It outlines key acts like the Prisons Act of 1894 and recommendations of committees like separating juveniles, training staff, and improving living conditions in prisons. However, comprehensive reforms to update the outdated legal framework have yet to be fully implemented.
This document provides an overview of vocational training programs for prisoners in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the history and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu, noting there are 9 central prisons, 3 special prisons for women, and 12 borstal schools among other facilities. The document examines vocational training programs that are offered, including courses in tailoring, carpentry, computer skills and more. It is noted that vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and aid rehabilitation by improving employment prospects upon release. Studies discussed found that prisoners who received vocational or educational training were less likely to re-offend and had better employment outcomes compared to those without such opportunities. The document concludes that vocational training should be provided to all prisoners
A study on the performance of vocational training to prisoners in prisons in ...RAVICHANDIRANG
This document discusses a study on vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the author and types of prisons in India. The study found that while 48% of inmates lacked job skills, 74% expressed interest in jobs post-release. Vocational training in trades like tailoring, agriculture, and carpentry can reduce recidivism by 43% and lower re-incarceration costs. However, only 15% of Indian prisoners received such training in 2014, with rates varying significantly between states.
93 a study on the performance of vocational training to prisoners in prisons ...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses a study on the performance of vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the types of prisons in India and discusses how vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and reduce recidivism. The study examines data on the availability of vocational programs across different states in India and the number of inmates enrolled in such programs. It finds that overall, only about 15% of inmates received vocational training as of 2014, with rates varying significantly between states. Common programs included tailoring, weaving, and agriculture.
A study-on-the-performance-of-vocational-training-to-prisoners-in-prisons-in-...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses a study on the performance of vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the types of prisons in India and discusses how vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and reduce recidivism. The study examines data on the availability of vocational programs across different states in India and the number of inmates enrolled in such programs. It finds that overall, only about 15% of inmates received vocational training as of 2014, with rates varying significantly between states. Common programs included tailoring, weaving, and agriculture.
This document summarizes a study on prison industries in Tamil Nadu, India. It provides background on the history and development of prisons in Tamil Nadu. Weaving, tailoring, bread making, and food products making are popular prison industries. Prisons in Tamil Nadu have established prison bazaars that market and sell products made by prisoners to the public under the brand "Freedom" to help with prisoner rehabilitation. The study concludes that prison industries contribute significantly to the economic development of Tamil Nadu and provide opportunities for prisoners to become entrepreneurs after their release.
This document summarizes a study on prison industries in Tamil Nadu, India. It provides background on the history and development of prisons in Tamil Nadu. Weaving, tailoring, bread making, and food products making are popular prison industries. Prisons in Tamil Nadu have established prison bazaars that market and sell products made by prisoners to the public under the brand "Freedom" to help with prisoner rehabilitation. The study concludes that prison industries contribute significantly to the economic development of Tamil Nadu and provide opportunities for prisoners to become entrepreneurs after their release.
Prisons serve the public by keeping in safe custody those committed by the courts and
treating them with humanity and helping them lead a useful life in society as law abiding
citizens after their release from the prison. Prison in India is an age old concept.In the early
periods, unused old forts were used as prison where the persons who acted against the
government were lodged. During the period of the Sultanate, there were no regular
prisons.Prisonersare one segment of the population who are treated as a special category
under the custody of court of law for their involvementin illegal activities or against the
government. In India, prison is an age old concept from accent periods but in British periods
it was regularized and a model prison was constructedand a special Act was enacted to
systemize the prison administration in India.
This document summarizes the structure and demographics of prisons in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the different categories of prisoners including convicts, under trials, and remand prisoners. It provides data on the number and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu and India, including central prisons, district jails, and sub-jails. It also gives the authorized capacity and actual population of prisons in Tamil Nadu as of 2014. In conclusion, it states that Tamil Nadu prisons have sufficient infrastructure and focus on rehabilitation activities, though the occupancy rate is lower than the national average.
This document summarizes the structure and demographics of prisons in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the different categories of prisoners including convicts, under trials, and remand prisoners. It provides data on the number and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu and India, including central prisons, district jails, and sub-jails. It also gives the authorized capacity and actual population of prisons in Tamil Nadu as of 2014. In conclusion, it states that Tamil Nadu prisons have sufficient infrastructure and focus on rehabilitation activities, though the occupancy rate is lower than the national average.
The document provides information about Avinash's visit to Tihar Jail in Delhi, India. It discusses the organizational structure and operations of Tihar Jail, including its 9 jail facilities that house different types of prisoners, educational and vocational programs, and production units. It notes the jail's population was 10,856 as of December 31, 2010, with overcrowding being an ongoing issue. The document aims to give insight into how the largest jail in India functions.
This document provides an overview of the demographic profile of prisoners in India. It discusses the different types of prisons in India including central jails, district jails, sub-jails, women's jails, borstal schools, open jails, and special jails. Tables are presented on the number and distribution of prisons across states and union territories, as well as the capacity, population, and occupancy rates of prisoners in different types of facilities. Additional tables and analysis examines the categorization of inmates as convicts, under trials, detenues and others, as well as distributions by age group and gender.
INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya prison rehabilitation strategies are strategies that are used in reforming offenders in prisons. The programs consists of training activities which include vocational training such as carpentry, masonry, tailoring and building that are carried out to reform offenders. The researcher adopted a case study design. It targeted a sample of 150 inmates through snow ball and stratified sampling. Data was collected through administration of questionnaire to the selected respondents. Descriptive statistics such as tabulations, frequencies, percentages were used to summarize, describe, analyze, and present the statistical information of this study. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. Data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to determine relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. The study findings concluded that industry skills training for the inmates contributes greatly towards reformation of inmates and that increasing the education level of inmates does necessarily contribute significantly to reformation of inmates. The study established that spiritual emphasis of the life of inmates significantly contributes to the reformation of inmates
Keywords: Industry Skills, Education Level, Spiritual Programmes, Reformation, Reformation.
Title: INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES: A CASE STUDY ON KISII MAIN PRISON
Author: Anyika Cetrick Matakayia, Prof. Maria Onyango, Dr. Michael Nyagol
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It notes that India's prison system is governed by the 1894 Prisons Act and faces several major issues including overcrowding, a large number of under-trials, corruption, unsatisfactory living conditions, and a lack of reformative approach. Several committees and reforms have been proposed over the years to address these issues, including the modernization of prisons scheme, E-prisons project, and draft national policy on prison reforms. However, implementing lasting reforms has proven challenging. The management and administration of prisons remains decentralized under state governments.
This document is a study by Amnesty International India on pre-trial detention in India. It finds that India has one of the highest proportions of pre-trial (undertrial) detainees in the world, who make up around 67% of the prison population. Various laws and Supreme Court rulings have aimed to reduce excessive pre-trial detention, but implementation has been poor across states. Amnesty analyzed responses from Right to Information requests which revealed that legal safeguards are regularly ignored and undertrials often do not receive proper legal aid or access to courts. The high proportion of undertrials reflects failure by governments to uphold fair trial rights.
Just Under Trial: A Study of Pre-trial Detention in IndiaAmnesty India
India has one of the highest undertrial populations in the world. As of December 2015, 67% of prisoners in India’s
prisons were ‘undertrials’ – people who were awaiting trial or whose trials were still ongoing, and who have not been convicted.1 In other words, there are twice as many undertrials in India’s prisons as there are convicts. Figure 1 below shows the state-wise population of undertrials and prison occupancy rates.
Reedley International SchoolSenior High School DepartmentS.docxaudeleypearl
Reedley International School
Senior High School Department
SY 2019-2020
Prisons: Perceptions of Non-Government Organizations on the Living Conditions in City Jails in Metro Manila
Dominique Bills
Liam Bernal
Jean Pierre Evasco
Julian Ram Gavieta
Sophia Ysabel Magnayon
12 - Leonardo da Vinci
English 5: Qualitative Research
Ms. Karen Olivia Patriarca
31 January 2020
CHAPTER I
Introduction
A. Statement of the Problem
The jails found within the Philippines have been enlisted as one of the world’s worst jails. Previous studies have shown that 518 individuals sleep in spaces provided for 170 people. According to a researcher, Dr. Raymund Narag, The Philippines is officially the most overpopulated correctional institution in the whole world in which persons deprived of liberty (PDLs), the inmates, are over-congested up to 1000 percent (Sorita).
In 2017, a total of 146,302 individuals were living in the prison facilities of the country, which exceeded the maximum capacity of 20,653 (Ayalin). Ever since President Rodrigo Duterte won the presidential election on May 9, 2016, the population of persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) increased by 512%. This increase was caused mainly due to the apprehension of drug dealers and users. The President of the Philippines focused on going against drug usage; therefore, most of the people arrested were people related to drug usage. The emergence of jail congestion gave way to many infectious diseases spread amongst some PDLs.
According to the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, PDLs are mainly suffering from skin and lung illness that can lead to diseases such as tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, respiratory tract infections, and more (Chavez). Because of this, the Republic Act No. 10575, which is entitled The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, states that PDLs have a right to medical and health services, proper facilities and equipment, rehabilitation programs, and visitation. Despite the claims of the government of giving certain rights, the situation within the prison grounds is still below the acceptable conditions due to the widespread of diseases and lack of space. Though PDLs are deprived of the free world, they are not deprived of their rights. These rights include the freedom to exercise their chosen religion and freedom from physical and mental abuse.
B. Purpose of the study
The intended result of this research is to raise awareness concerning the current state of city jails in Metro Manila. The outcome will determine whether or not the PDLs are receiving proper and appropriate housing and care that corresponds well with the 1987 Philippine constitution. The researchers will benefit from the study by learning from the past experiences of members of the organization and gain knowledge regarding the issues that are occurring inside the jail. This research would also benefit the society to remove their stigma about the current state of the PDLs. Most importantly, this paper will serve as a proof ...
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It notes that Indian prisons suffer from overcrowding, a large number of under-trials, poor living conditions, corruption, and a lack of rehabilitation. Recent government measures to modernize prisons through digitization, improve legal aid, and draft new policies aim to address these issues. However, more comprehensive reforms are still needed to improve all areas of the prison system in line with human rights standards.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This document provides an overview and context for the Future Prison project being undertaken by the RSA and Transitions Spaces. It discusses the changing policy debate around prisons and rehabilitation in the UK. It outlines the goals and timeline of the Future Prison project, which aims to publish a blueprint for 21st century prisons in the UK that place rehabilitation at the center. It discusses some of the key themes that will be explored, including risk and rehabilitation, leadership and autonomy, education and employment, health and wellbeing, the rehabilitative workforce, and service user participation. It also provides background on recent and proposed criminal justice reforms and reviews underway in the UK.
This document provides an overview of a research project on enforcement and protection of human rights in education in India. It includes an introduction, definitions of human rights education, the historical perspective of HRE, related laws in the Indian constitution regarding education including free and compulsory education, education of minorities, language safeguards, education for weaker sections, secular education and equality of opportunity. It also discusses UN initiatives like the Decade for Human Rights Education and provides comparisons to HRE in other countries like the US and Pakistan. The conclusion offers suggestions to strengthen HRE in India.
A STUDY ON DEPLOYMENT OF ATMs OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
India is one of the well organised banking system consist country in the world with effective regulated authorities and connected with more than 80 crore people. The Indian banking system comprises of 12 public sector banks, 22 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1485 urban cooperative banks and 96,000 rural cooperative banks in addition to cooperative credit institutions As of November 2020, the total number of ATMs in India increased to 209,282. Even now this number has increased due to changing purchase behaviour of the people in the country. Indian banking industry has recently observed the roll out of innovative banking models like payments and small finance banks. RBI’s new measures may go a long way in helping the restructuring of the domestic banking industry. With the help of information and communication technology, digital banking becomes a powerful part in the financial services and products. The digital payments system in India has progressed the most among 25 countries with India’s Immediate Payment Service being the only system at level five in the Faster Payments Innovation Index.In this aspect this study made an attempt to understand the deployment of ATMs of commercial banks in India.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
Banks are the major institutions in any country not only for the economic development but also for social development with respect to meeting basic infrastructure in the country. The Banking system of a country is an important pillar holding up the financial system of the country’s economy. The major role of banks in a financial system is the mobilization of deposits and disbursement of credit to various sectors of the economy. Commercial banks in India are the backbone of all major economic activities in the country, whether it is for the citizens to keep their hard-earned money safely or get loans whenever they need funds for important things like a home, wedding, a car or for business. Therefore, there is a need of understanding banking system and its ownership status.
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This document discusses a study on vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the author and types of prisons in India. The study found that while 48% of inmates lacked job skills, 74% expressed interest in jobs post-release. Vocational training in trades like tailoring, agriculture, and carpentry can reduce recidivism by 43% and lower re-incarceration costs. However, only 15% of Indian prisoners received such training in 2014, with rates varying significantly between states.
93 a study on the performance of vocational training to prisoners in prisons ...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses a study on the performance of vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the types of prisons in India and discusses how vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and reduce recidivism. The study examines data on the availability of vocational programs across different states in India and the number of inmates enrolled in such programs. It finds that overall, only about 15% of inmates received vocational training as of 2014, with rates varying significantly between states. Common programs included tailoring, weaving, and agriculture.
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This document discusses a study on the performance of vocational training programs for prisoners in Indian prisons. It provides background on the types of prisons in India and discusses how vocational training can help prisoners develop skills and reduce recidivism. The study examines data on the availability of vocational programs across different states in India and the number of inmates enrolled in such programs. It finds that overall, only about 15% of inmates received vocational training as of 2014, with rates varying significantly between states. Common programs included tailoring, weaving, and agriculture.
This document summarizes a study on prison industries in Tamil Nadu, India. It provides background on the history and development of prisons in Tamil Nadu. Weaving, tailoring, bread making, and food products making are popular prison industries. Prisons in Tamil Nadu have established prison bazaars that market and sell products made by prisoners to the public under the brand "Freedom" to help with prisoner rehabilitation. The study concludes that prison industries contribute significantly to the economic development of Tamil Nadu and provide opportunities for prisoners to become entrepreneurs after their release.
This document summarizes a study on prison industries in Tamil Nadu, India. It provides background on the history and development of prisons in Tamil Nadu. Weaving, tailoring, bread making, and food products making are popular prison industries. Prisons in Tamil Nadu have established prison bazaars that market and sell products made by prisoners to the public under the brand "Freedom" to help with prisoner rehabilitation. The study concludes that prison industries contribute significantly to the economic development of Tamil Nadu and provide opportunities for prisoners to become entrepreneurs after their release.
Prisons serve the public by keeping in safe custody those committed by the courts and
treating them with humanity and helping them lead a useful life in society as law abiding
citizens after their release from the prison. Prison in India is an age old concept.In the early
periods, unused old forts were used as prison where the persons who acted against the
government were lodged. During the period of the Sultanate, there were no regular
prisons.Prisonersare one segment of the population who are treated as a special category
under the custody of court of law for their involvementin illegal activities or against the
government. In India, prison is an age old concept from accent periods but in British periods
it was regularized and a model prison was constructedand a special Act was enacted to
systemize the prison administration in India.
This document summarizes the structure and demographics of prisons in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the different categories of prisoners including convicts, under trials, and remand prisoners. It provides data on the number and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu and India, including central prisons, district jails, and sub-jails. It also gives the authorized capacity and actual population of prisons in Tamil Nadu as of 2014. In conclusion, it states that Tamil Nadu prisons have sufficient infrastructure and focus on rehabilitation activities, though the occupancy rate is lower than the national average.
This document summarizes the structure and demographics of prisons in Tamil Nadu, India. It discusses the different categories of prisoners including convicts, under trials, and remand prisoners. It provides data on the number and types of prisons in Tamil Nadu and India, including central prisons, district jails, and sub-jails. It also gives the authorized capacity and actual population of prisons in Tamil Nadu as of 2014. In conclusion, it states that Tamil Nadu prisons have sufficient infrastructure and focus on rehabilitation activities, though the occupancy rate is lower than the national average.
The document provides information about Avinash's visit to Tihar Jail in Delhi, India. It discusses the organizational structure and operations of Tihar Jail, including its 9 jail facilities that house different types of prisoners, educational and vocational programs, and production units. It notes the jail's population was 10,856 as of December 31, 2010, with overcrowding being an ongoing issue. The document aims to give insight into how the largest jail in India functions.
This document provides an overview of the demographic profile of prisoners in India. It discusses the different types of prisons in India including central jails, district jails, sub-jails, women's jails, borstal schools, open jails, and special jails. Tables are presented on the number and distribution of prisons across states and union territories, as well as the capacity, population, and occupancy rates of prisoners in different types of facilities. Additional tables and analysis examines the categorization of inmates as convicts, under trials, detenues and others, as well as distributions by age group and gender.
INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya prison rehabilitation strategies are strategies that are used in reforming offenders in prisons. The programs consists of training activities which include vocational training such as carpentry, masonry, tailoring and building that are carried out to reform offenders. The researcher adopted a case study design. It targeted a sample of 150 inmates through snow ball and stratified sampling. Data was collected through administration of questionnaire to the selected respondents. Descriptive statistics such as tabulations, frequencies, percentages were used to summarize, describe, analyze, and present the statistical information of this study. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. Data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to determine relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the strength and causality of the study variable relationships especially in meeting the study objectives. The study findings concluded that industry skills training for the inmates contributes greatly towards reformation of inmates and that increasing the education level of inmates does necessarily contribute significantly to reformation of inmates. The study established that spiritual emphasis of the life of inmates significantly contributes to the reformation of inmates
Keywords: Industry Skills, Education Level, Spiritual Programmes, Reformation, Reformation.
Title: INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ON REFORMATION OF INMATES: A CASE STUDY ON KISII MAIN PRISON
Author: Anyika Cetrick Matakayia, Prof. Maria Onyango, Dr. Michael Nyagol
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It notes that India's prison system is governed by the 1894 Prisons Act and faces several major issues including overcrowding, a large number of under-trials, corruption, unsatisfactory living conditions, and a lack of reformative approach. Several committees and reforms have been proposed over the years to address these issues, including the modernization of prisons scheme, E-prisons project, and draft national policy on prison reforms. However, implementing lasting reforms has proven challenging. The management and administration of prisons remains decentralized under state governments.
This document is a study by Amnesty International India on pre-trial detention in India. It finds that India has one of the highest proportions of pre-trial (undertrial) detainees in the world, who make up around 67% of the prison population. Various laws and Supreme Court rulings have aimed to reduce excessive pre-trial detention, but implementation has been poor across states. Amnesty analyzed responses from Right to Information requests which revealed that legal safeguards are regularly ignored and undertrials often do not receive proper legal aid or access to courts. The high proportion of undertrials reflects failure by governments to uphold fair trial rights.
Just Under Trial: A Study of Pre-trial Detention in IndiaAmnesty India
India has one of the highest undertrial populations in the world. As of December 2015, 67% of prisoners in India’s
prisons were ‘undertrials’ – people who were awaiting trial or whose trials were still ongoing, and who have not been convicted.1 In other words, there are twice as many undertrials in India’s prisons as there are convicts. Figure 1 below shows the state-wise population of undertrials and prison occupancy rates.
Reedley International SchoolSenior High School DepartmentS.docxaudeleypearl
Reedley International School
Senior High School Department
SY 2019-2020
Prisons: Perceptions of Non-Government Organizations on the Living Conditions in City Jails in Metro Manila
Dominique Bills
Liam Bernal
Jean Pierre Evasco
Julian Ram Gavieta
Sophia Ysabel Magnayon
12 - Leonardo da Vinci
English 5: Qualitative Research
Ms. Karen Olivia Patriarca
31 January 2020
CHAPTER I
Introduction
A. Statement of the Problem
The jails found within the Philippines have been enlisted as one of the world’s worst jails. Previous studies have shown that 518 individuals sleep in spaces provided for 170 people. According to a researcher, Dr. Raymund Narag, The Philippines is officially the most overpopulated correctional institution in the whole world in which persons deprived of liberty (PDLs), the inmates, are over-congested up to 1000 percent (Sorita).
In 2017, a total of 146,302 individuals were living in the prison facilities of the country, which exceeded the maximum capacity of 20,653 (Ayalin). Ever since President Rodrigo Duterte won the presidential election on May 9, 2016, the population of persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) increased by 512%. This increase was caused mainly due to the apprehension of drug dealers and users. The President of the Philippines focused on going against drug usage; therefore, most of the people arrested were people related to drug usage. The emergence of jail congestion gave way to many infectious diseases spread amongst some PDLs.
According to the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, PDLs are mainly suffering from skin and lung illness that can lead to diseases such as tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, respiratory tract infections, and more (Chavez). Because of this, the Republic Act No. 10575, which is entitled The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, states that PDLs have a right to medical and health services, proper facilities and equipment, rehabilitation programs, and visitation. Despite the claims of the government of giving certain rights, the situation within the prison grounds is still below the acceptable conditions due to the widespread of diseases and lack of space. Though PDLs are deprived of the free world, they are not deprived of their rights. These rights include the freedom to exercise their chosen religion and freedom from physical and mental abuse.
B. Purpose of the study
The intended result of this research is to raise awareness concerning the current state of city jails in Metro Manila. The outcome will determine whether or not the PDLs are receiving proper and appropriate housing and care that corresponds well with the 1987 Philippine constitution. The researchers will benefit from the study by learning from the past experiences of members of the organization and gain knowledge regarding the issues that are occurring inside the jail. This research would also benefit the society to remove their stigma about the current state of the PDLs. Most importantly, this paper will serve as a proof ...
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It notes that Indian prisons suffer from overcrowding, a large number of under-trials, poor living conditions, corruption, and a lack of rehabilitation. Recent government measures to modernize prisons through digitization, improve legal aid, and draft new policies aim to address these issues. However, more comprehensive reforms are still needed to improve all areas of the prison system in line with human rights standards.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This document provides an overview and context for the Future Prison project being undertaken by the RSA and Transitions Spaces. It discusses the changing policy debate around prisons and rehabilitation in the UK. It outlines the goals and timeline of the Future Prison project, which aims to publish a blueprint for 21st century prisons in the UK that place rehabilitation at the center. It discusses some of the key themes that will be explored, including risk and rehabilitation, leadership and autonomy, education and employment, health and wellbeing, the rehabilitative workforce, and service user participation. It also provides background on recent and proposed criminal justice reforms and reviews underway in the UK.
This document provides an overview of a research project on enforcement and protection of human rights in education in India. It includes an introduction, definitions of human rights education, the historical perspective of HRE, related laws in the Indian constitution regarding education including free and compulsory education, education of minorities, language safeguards, education for weaker sections, secular education and equality of opportunity. It also discusses UN initiatives like the Decade for Human Rights Education and provides comparisons to HRE in other countries like the US and Pakistan. The conclusion offers suggestions to strengthen HRE in India.
Similar to vocational-training-to-prisoners-in-tamil-nadu (20)
A STUDY ON DEPLOYMENT OF ATMs OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
India is one of the well organised banking system consist country in the world with effective regulated authorities and connected with more than 80 crore people. The Indian banking system comprises of 12 public sector banks, 22 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1485 urban cooperative banks and 96,000 rural cooperative banks in addition to cooperative credit institutions As of November 2020, the total number of ATMs in India increased to 209,282. Even now this number has increased due to changing purchase behaviour of the people in the country. Indian banking industry has recently observed the roll out of innovative banking models like payments and small finance banks. RBI’s new measures may go a long way in helping the restructuring of the domestic banking industry. With the help of information and communication technology, digital banking becomes a powerful part in the financial services and products. The digital payments system in India has progressed the most among 25 countries with India’s Immediate Payment Service being the only system at level five in the Faster Payments Innovation Index.In this aspect this study made an attempt to understand the deployment of ATMs of commercial banks in India.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
Banks are the major institutions in any country not only for the economic development but also for social development with respect to meeting basic infrastructure in the country. The Banking system of a country is an important pillar holding up the financial system of the country’s economy. The major role of banks in a financial system is the mobilization of deposits and disbursement of credit to various sectors of the economy. Commercial banks in India are the backbone of all major economic activities in the country, whether it is for the citizens to keep their hard-earned money safely or get loans whenever they need funds for important things like a home, wedding, a car or for business. Therefore, there is a need of understanding banking system and its ownership status.
India is world largest population particularly youth population are consist of 2011 census
report. Youth can make or mar society, which one of the country here on a healthy youth population
on that country has developed for the entire sector. Youth can be promoting social economic
development, and sustainable growth in India, youth in India situation and offers a roadmap for
programmes and priorities that aim to address youth needs it highlights that in order to fully meet
the needs of youth in a rapidly globalizing world and enable to country to reap the benefits of the
demographic dividend.
Insurance is one of the emerging concepts in the recent period which involves huge investments in
Socio economic developments. The term "Micro insurance" first appeared as a new financial
service within microfinance and then developed into a sector of its own. Hence this paper discusses
the concepts of micro insurance in general.
MICRO INSURANCE PORTFOLIO OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INSURANCE COMPANIESRAVICHANDIRANG
Insurance is one of the emerging and growing sectors in India. The micro-insurance portfolio has made steady progress. More life insurers have commenced their micro-insurance operations and many new products are being introduced every year. Micro-insurance business was procured largely under the group portfolio. Life Insurance Corporation of India contributed the most both in terms of policies sold and number of micro-insurance agents. Insurance companies are now offering already approved products as micro-insurance products with the approval of the authority, if the sum assured for the product is within the range prescribed for micro-insurance. With this aspect the present paper made an attempt to discuss about micro insurance portfolio of individual as well as group by public and private sectors insurance companies.
AN OVERVIEW OF MICRO INSURANCE INDUSTRIES IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
Micro insurance is one of the unique and important segments of
insurance which provides financial assistance to the poor people in the
country. Reaching the micro insurance to all is also a part of financial
inclusion. The IRDA on 30th November 2005 regulation act micro
insurance products was implemented in India. The salient feature of
the life insurance, Health insurance, Crop insurance, Lives stock
insurance or cattle insurance and Asset insurance is product offer to
low income people. According to IRDA the term micro insurance
comprises two words “Micro” which means “Affordable to the poor”
and Insurance means “Risk Pooling to compensate to individual and
group”. Micro insurance is a key element in the financial services
package for mass people, particularly for economically weaker section of
people. The poor people face more risks than the well off, but more
importantly they are more vulnerable to the same risk. With this view
the present paper tries to discuss the distribution of micro insurance in
India.
A STUDY ON STUDENTS SATISFACTION TOWARDS EDUCATIONAL LOAN FROM CANARA BANK WI...RAVICHANDIRANG
Education is important to people of all ages and it has no limit. Children require education in order for them to learn how to speak and to write. Both on personal and national levels, education has been shown to increase economic growth and stability. One of the most important benefits of education is how it improves personal lives and helps societies run smoothly. The study has attempts to find out the satisfaction level of the students in Gurusamipalayam, Rasipuram (Tk) who have intention to avail the educational loan offered by Canara bank. This study found that to understanding the satisfaction level of students in availing the educational loan from Canara bank. Valuable suggestions and recommendations offered by the researcher. If it is strongly implemented by the Canara bank as well as government, the educational status of the higher education students will improve without fail and also increases educational status of the students in the study area.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSON FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIESRAVICHANDIRANG
Self employment well create income generation and to meet the livelihood expenditure. Differently abled persons are very rare in self employment activities, which is a micro level. Most of the differently abled persons are unable to involve in employment activities owing that lack of financial assistance and awareness. Therefore there is a need of creating awareness about the financial assistance available to them and how to obtain it. The present paper made an attempt to discuss financial assistance to differently abled persons for self employment activities.
Direct Benefit Transfer- An Innovative approach to Financial Inclusion in IndiaRAVICHANDIRANG
This document discusses direct benefit transfer (DBT) as an innovative approach to financial inclusion in India. It analyzes DBT's role in reducing intermediaries between the government and beneficiaries of various social programs. Key findings include:
1) DBT has been implemented in 433 central government schemes across 46 ministries as of November 2018, transferring over Rs. 83,000 crore to beneficiaries.
2) Major DBT schemes include PAHAL for LPG subsidies, MGNREGA, the National Social Assistance Program, and student scholarships.
3) Aadhaar identification and bank account penetration have been crucial for expanding DBT's reach, along with efforts to increase financial literacy.
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS ON COMMUNITY-BASED ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIESRAVICHANDIRANG
Entrepreneurial activities are the backbone to the industrial and socio-economic development of the country which concentrates to promote employment, productivity and flow of capital from one hand to another. Community-based entrepreneurial activities are the indigenous business model in the country which resulted that each community or caste has a unique entrepreneurial talent which shows their convention and commitment in a particular employment activity. With this aspects, community based entrepreneurial activities are the best model to explore their conventional entrepreneurial competence in to a sustainable livelihood.
DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF DISABLED PERSONS IN INDIARAVICHANDIRANG
Demographic status of marginalised people like disabled persons, socially weaker section,
minorities, transgender and socially excluded people is one of the important aspects which
would help to understand the social justice of the country. Disabled people are likely to face
specific barriers to entering and sustaining entrepreneurship in addition to the general barriers,
each of which requires a specific policy response. Some of these barriers, arguably, are very
deep-rooted social-structural constraints imposing severe limits on life chances for certain
groups of disabled people. This paper has made an attempt to explore the demographic status
of disabled person in India.
Technopreneurship and Development of IT and ITeS Industry in IndiaRAVICHANDIRANG
Primarily, among numerous sectors of
the economy IT and ITeS industry is one whose
service is required for the rapid growth of the
economy and primarily the information technology
and information technology enables services sector
has covered the in-house development of the
nations’ infrastructure. In general, IT and ITeS
handles most of the official and unofficial
information. There is a lightning growth of Indian
software industry with the participation of global
corporate dominators for the past two decades.
Indian IT sector has contributed most in the
production and export of the software based
applications to all over the universe. This paper
highlights the growth and performance of IT and
ITeS and also examined the contribution and
development of IT and ITeS in Indian industry.
Technopreneurship Education: Teach and Train the YouthsRAVICHANDIRANG
Most of the developing countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Iran, Philippines have already implemented (and
having successful schedules) the technical education to the graduated students and youth of their nation. But,
India is still lack in this process and now the new government initiated some steps to build a strong technical
education to the young generations of our native. This study has formulated and framed to find the institutions
which are ready to teach and train the youths and seed the intention to become a technical oriented entrepreneur.
This paper attempts to point out the teaching and training of technical entrepreneurship in theoretical aspects.
A study on growth and performance of Indian agro based exportsRAVICHANDIRANG
Agriculture is the primary occupation and the major economic factor of India. It provides more number of employment opportunities and business strategies to the society. Mostly, peoples from India are concerning with agriculture sector directly and indirectly. Not only agricultural industries, agro based industries are also generating agro products and also it creates more employment opportunities to the peoples like farmers, agricultural workers, industrial workers, wholesalers, retailers exporters and others. Exports have played an important role in India’s economic growth in the post independent period. The contribution of food based agro products and allied products to total exports have been increased gradually to make a concrete share to the GDP of the nation. India needs to produce its commodities more competitive at the global level. This paper is analyzing the status of agro based food products and its exports performance over the years by India.
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Industrial development not only depens on innovation and capital outflow in a country, but also it needs availability of raw materials and adequate physical infrastructural facilities. Agriculture is one of the major raw material providing sector for major industries like paper, sugar, textile, fertilizers, chemical, edible oil, etc., Agro-based industries can play an important role to a large extent in solving the problem of poverty, unemployment and inequality in India and can significantly contribute to the overall development of the economy by efficiently utilizing the local raw materials which consequently may result in increase of gainful employment opportunities to poor people mainly landless, marginal and small farmers. This paper discuss in the performance of agro based industries in India.
Youth entrepreneurship through needs in tamil naduRAVICHANDIRANG
Entrepreneurship is one of the emerging aspect and boosting socio and economic
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the finance assistance for DIC, and various finance assistance particularly NEEDS scheme,
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Tamil Nadu.
Conceptual analysis of youth entrepreneurshipRAVICHANDIRANG
Entrepreneurship is one of the emerging aspect of India, entrepreneurship has help to
promote the economic development and enlargement of the country, now the day youth is big
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youth is necessary need for the entrepreneurship. Now entrepreneurship to promote the educated
youth in urban and semi urban India hence, it must be appropriately motivated to accomplish
the maximum result in the economic development. India is highly population country youth
amounted for this country in 22.1% of total population in India, so that the government has
been motivate to youth towards entrepreneurship awareness on particularly schemes and policy
related and most of educational towards youth. This paper made an attempt to explore the
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Udyog aadhaar made easy for industry registrationRAVICHANDIRANG
Industry Registration is any essential to measure the economic growth of the country. In
various periods, government has been taken lot of efforts to streamline and regulate the industry
registration. Udyog Aadhaar registration is a easily approach system in this system had flourish on
entrepreneurship life in India even though which one of consist on our strength that on consist for our
weakness in this fact absolute true, because this aim of rural area develop for industrialism for that on
what impact, that impact on non entrepreneurial awareness people has on start up the business on
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concepts of Udyog Aadhaar in India.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH TAHDCO IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DIST...RAVICHANDIRANG
Tamil Nadu Adi Dravidar Housing and Development Corporation Limited (TAHDCO)
was incorporated in 1974 under the Companies Act, 1956. The Government of Tamil Nadu
and the Government of India contribute to the Share Capital of the Corporation for the
development of Adi Dravidar people. The main objective of this corporation is implemented
economic development schemes for income generation and provided skill development training
to people in scheduled caste and scheduled tribes in state. TAHDCO is providing subsidy for
entrepreneurship development through various schemes. It also takes steps to uplift the
Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes women. Financial assistance for income generating
programme is one of the measure for economic empowerment of women as group. This study
analyses the financial assistance which is given through various schemes in TAHDCO to
women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Institutional assistance for women entrepreneurship in tamilnaduRAVICHANDIRANG
Promotion of women entrepreneurship in India is being undertaken by various national
institutions. These institutions focus primarily on counseling, training, handholding, giving
guidance on finance, organizing exhibitions, and peer group support and also offering services
such as research, consultancy, information, and mentoring for promotion of entrepreneurial
culture in the country. Because of this institutional support we are seeing greater interest in
the entrepreneurial ambitions of women, and these key actors are collaborating to open doors,
increase access, and both empower and enable women to succeed. The present paper is focused
on various institutions to promote women entrepreneurship.
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
vocational-training-to-prisoners-in-tamil-nadu
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Research Explorer January - June 2016
Vol. IV : Issue 12 ISSN : 2250-1940 (Print), 2349 - 1647 (Online)
Available online @ www.selptrust.org
Research Explorer
ISSN : 2250-1940 (Print), 2349 - 1647 (Online)
Impact Factor : GIP - 0.389, RIP - 0.920;
Vol. IV : Issue.12 ; January - June 2016
VOCATIONAL TRAINING TO PRISONERS IN TAMIL NADU
Dr.C.Paramasivan
Assistant Professor of Commerce
Periyar E.V.R.College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
ABSTRACT
Prison is one of the complicated and pathetic places where the convict and under trial
persons are lodged owing to their involvement in illegal or unlawful activities. It is the
universal phenomenon which had an ancient history from the age old periods. The system
and treatment of prison and prisoners have been changing because of growing evaluation of
the human rights approach. In the early periods, prison was one of the places where the anti-
social and anti-national persons were lodged, but now it has been changing, and even if the
prisoners are convicts, they are treated as human beings and his/her rights are protected by
law. Rehabilitation steps have been taken to create a new life after imprisonment is quite
common in all around the world. This paper made an attempt to explore the performance of
vocational training and prison industry in Tamil nadu.
Keywords: Prison, prisoner, jail, convicts, undertrial, detenu, Borstal School,
Introduction
The words ‘Prison’ and ‘Goal’ are derived
from the Latin words which mean to “Seize”
and “cage”respectively. The oxford English
Dictionary defines prison as, “A place properly
arranged and equipped for the reception of
persons who by legal process are committed to
it for safe custody while awaiting trial or
punishment”. With this view, the present paper
discusses the demographic profile of prisoners
in Tamil Nadu.(Raju.L.P 2014)The prison
system as it operates today in our country is a
legacy of the British Rule. It was the creation
of the colonial rulers over our penal system with
the prime motive of making imprisonment “a
terror to wrongdoers”.In India, Jail is the
popular term which describes the prisons, which
are categorized into the following types.
Prisons serve the public by keeping in safe
custody those committed by the courts and
treating them with humanity and helping them
lead a useful life in society as law abiding
citizens after their release from the prison.
Prison in India is an age old concept.In the early
periods; unused old forts were used as prison
where the persons who acted against the
government were lodged. Studying the
demographic profile of prisoners is unique in
nature and it involves social understanding of
the prisoners in the jail. This paper made an
attempt to explore the demographic status of
prisoners in the country.
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Concept of Prisons
A prison also known as gaol or jail is a place
in which people are physically confined and
usually deprived of a range of personal
freedoms.(wikiperdia.org)The Online Oxford
English dictionary defines prison as, “A
buildingto which people are legally committed
as a punishment for a crime orwhile awaiting
trial.4” In our country “Prison” falls under state
subject inList II of the Seventh Schedule to the
Constitution of India. The administration of
Prisons falls in the hands of the state
Governments, andis governed by the Prisons
Act, 1894 and the Prison Manual of
therespective State Governments. Thus, States
have the primary responsibilityand authority to
change the current prison laws, rules and
regulations.
Prisons are the public institutions and
therefore they must performthe function
assigned to them by law. The law declares
simply and preciselythat if individuals are
convicted of crimes, they shall be placed on
probation,fine, or undergo a sentence of
imprisonment. Men are thus sent to aprison as
punishment. Strictly speaking, the law sends
them not to bereformed but primarily to be held
in safe custody. Thus we can safely saythat till
the last century the idea has been to keep the
prisoner in safecustody alone. The recent
tendency now is, of course, that prison systemis
meant for reformation of the prisoners that they
may return to societyas useful members and this
function of the prison is now termed
asdiscipline.(B.S. Haikerwal)
Prisons In Tamil Nadu
The Presidency Jail for women in Vellore,
was the first prison constructed in Tamil Nadu
during the year 1830 followed by Madras
“Penitentiary” during the year 1837 and
thereafter all other prisons were constructed one
by one up to the year 1872.After Independence
Central Prison, Puzhal was the only prison
constructed during the year 1981 and some
additional accommodation was made in other
Prisons. All the Prison buildings are more than
150 years old.
Table No 1 - Prisons in India and Tamil Nadu
Source: Tamil Nadu Prison Department
Table no 1 indicates that there are 9 central
prisons, 3 special prisons for women, 12 borstal
schools, 5 special sub jails, 9 district jails, 95
sub jails and 3 open air prisons in Tamil Nadu.
Vocational Training in Prison
MihikaBasu (2013) nearly two years after
a report by Tata Institute of Social Sciences
(TISS) recommended effective vocational
training programmes to improve employability
of prisoners post release, the higher and
technical education department has decided to
extend its facilities to prisons in the state. A
major finding of his study was that while 48
per cent of inmates had no job skills, almost 74
per cent of them expressed the need for jobs
after release.
Mission News wire (2012) “Building the
skills of India’s prison population is a key focus
for reducing poverty and the potential for
recidivism,” says Fr. Mark Hyde, Executive
Director of Salesian Missions, the U.S.
development arm of the Silesians of Don Bosco.
“Providing educational opportunities while in
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prison helps youthlearn the skills necessary to
have a productive life once they are released”.
RAND Corporation report (2013) Prison
inmates who receive general education and
vocational training are significantly less likely
to return to prison after release and are more
likely to find employment than peers who do
not receive such opportunities, according to a
new RAND Corporationreport.
Researchers found that inmates who
participate in correctional education programs
have 43 percent lower odds of returning to
prison than those who do not. The estimate is
based on studies that carefully account for
motivation and other differences between
correctional education recipients and non-
recipients.The findings also suggest that prison
education programs are cost effective.
Paramasivan.C (2016) Vocational training
is one indispensable training to enlarge the self-
employment activities of the unemployed or the
underemployed, which make them as a viable
manpower in the country. In the topical periods,
skills and vocational training become budding
aspects to promote employment opportunity to
all. As such, providing vocational training to
the prison inmates is one of the innovative
schemes which make the prisoners as a valuable
resource and also it helps to generate income
for them to meet their dependents.Vocational
training to the prisoners will make them as self-
employee entrepreneurs after their
imprisonment is over. Therefore vocational
training to prison should be strengthened and
various types of vocational training should be
offered.
The Hindu (2015)in the article of Prisons
in Tamil Nadu top in productivity,
Productivity in Tamil Nadu prisons has topped
the country with a total earning of Rs. 36.97
crore last year.With an inmate population of
15,784, the State has also topped in prisoner
rehabilitation, thanks to a variety of educational/
vocational courses. In 2012, the State was
placed fifth in gross earnings from products of
inmates with a revenue of Rs 11.56 crore.
Sold under the ‘Freedom Bazaar’ brand,
Tamil Nadu prison products made many heads
turn when they were displayed at the recently
held Global Investors Meet in Chennai where
multinational corporate companies showcased
their might.
Going by data released by the National
Crime Records Bureau, the Tamil Nadu
government had spent Rs. 38.84 crore on
prisoners lodged in 136 jails, including nine
central prisons, across the State in 2014. This
expense included food, clothing, education,
vocational courses and welfare activities.
Kerala stood second in prison productivity
with an inmate population of 7,078 and goods
valued at Rs. 21.43 crore.
On the rehabilitation front, Tamil Nadu
again topped with 961 prisoners being
rehabilitated. “Sustained efforts are on to make
sure that every inmate leaves the prison with
employable skills which will help in merging
with the mainstream workforce of the society.
Last year 2,185 inmates went through
Elementary Education, 1,201 Adult Education
and 699 Higher Education programmes.About
300 underwent computer courses,” the official
said.
As many as 4,951 prisoners who could not
afford or engage legal counsel were provided
free legal aid in association with theTamil Nadu
State Legal ServicesAuthority.
The object of vocational training to the
prisoners is reformation and rehabilitation and
with this objectivein mind training in various
simple trades like plumbing, simple electrical
wiring, painting including sign board writing,
brick making isoffered and prisoners are
awarded with certificates by State Council
Vocational Training to enable them to seek
employment after their release.
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Vol. IV : Issue 12 ISSN : 2250-1940 (Print), 2349 - 1647 (Online)
Table No 2 details of Vocational Training
Source: Tamil Nadu Prison Department
Prisoner’s Education
Q Hayat(1983) numerous reports dating
back to the end of the 19th century have pointed
to the need for educational programs in prisons.
However, the basic penal philosophy is one of
deterrence and retribution. Prisoner education
remains largely neglected.The prison education
program includes both general education and
vocational education. Further needs are proper
supplying and staffing of libraries, improved
vocational education, provision of television and
radio facilities to inmates, and adequate funding.
The Hindu(2012) Community college
education fosters hope among prisoners, Ten
convicts undergoing life sentence at the Special
Prison for Women, Tiruchi, have recently
completed a beautician course conducted by the
Mahatma Gandhi Community College.
The year-long course was initiated by the
community college in January 2011 and was
taught by LathaThiruvengadam, a beautician
appointed by the Tamil Nadu Open University.
The final exams, which were conducted over
four weekends in February, tested candidates
for theoretical as well as practical knowledge.
The beautician course covered a variety of
treatments like threading, waxing, facials, and
scalp massages, acupressure head massages to
relieve headaches, hair colouring, manicure,
pedicure, hair dressing, and preparation of
herbal hair oils and complete bridal make-up.
“During their practical exams, the candidates
were allowed to use other inmates as their
models, so that even they had a chance to
experience such things.”After their release, the
students will have to work at some parlour to
gain practical experience before starting off on
their own, she added. “Once they begin their
own parlours, these women can make up to
Rs.15,000 in the initial stages.”The course is
one among the various vocational courses being
taught by the Mahatma Gandhi Community
College.10 life sentence convicts at Special
Prison for Women complete beautician
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course.Conducted in collaboration with local
community colleges and the Indian Centre for
Research and Development of Community
Education (ICRDCE), the courses and training
programmes are available across nine central
prisons in the state.
Speaking about the courses offered to prison
inmates, Father XavierAlphonse S.J., Director,
ICRDCE said, “In January 2010, we registered
around 261 inmates from Central Prisons in
Puzhal, Vellore, Cuddalore, Palayamkottai,
Salem, Madurai, Coimbatore and Tiruchi. The
first batch under this set up is being trained to
become DTP operators, beauticians, and
computer operators, catering assistants, four
wheeler mechanics, electricians and plumbers.”
Besides these vocational training courses,
the community college also trains inmates who
have studied up to class VIII to take the SSLC
and Plus Two examinations. The training
programmes impart training in life-coping skills
and work skills, besides including an internship,
preparation of resumes, applying for jobs and
grooming for interviews.
Table No 3 - Prisoner’s Education and
Vocational training through N.G.Os’
Participation
Source: Tamil Nadu Prison Department
Table no 7 explains the prisoner’s education
and vocation training through N.G.O’s
participation. There are 2217 prisoners who
studied vocational training course as on
31.08.2008. During the year 2006-2007, 60
prisoners were trained in cup and plate making,
105 in tailoring, 20 in readymade garments, 12
in bakery industry and 2280 were trained in
computer training.
Table No 4 The Non-Governmental
organizations are running industries in
prisons
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Source: Tamil Nadu Prison Department
Conclusion
Vocational training is provided to enhance
the skills in a particular field which helpsone
become an independent worker or gainself-
employment to generate income by the person.
Vocational training may be of different
categories for different aspects depending on the
nature of work and capacity of the trainee. In
Tamil Nadu, almost all the central jails are
giving vocational training to their inmates
particularly to the men convicts Weaving,
Tailoring, handle making , bricks making,
carpentering, sanitary napkin making, computer
training are the major vocational training in the
central Jails in Tamil Nadu. Providing
vocational training to the prison inmates helps
to divert their concentration into the productivity
and income generation aspects which help their
family members also. This kind of vocational
training should be given to all the prison inmates
their basic knowledge and skill should be
identified based on which vocational training
should be given with the help of NGO’s
Academic institutions, training centre and
voluntary trainer. Providing vocational training
is not only giving training but also it is one of
the best ways of rehabitation measures to the
prisoners.
References
1. For details see: http://en.wikiperdia.org/
wiki/wiki/prison/definition, (Accessed
on10.05.2013)
2. For details see: http://
Oxforddictionaries.com/definitions/english/
prison?q=prison, (Accessed on 10.05.2013)
3. B.S. Haikerwal, A Comparative Study of
Penology, Ram Narayan Lal Law
Publisher,Allahabad, (1979), p. 97.
4. The oxford English Dictionary, Vol – VIII,
P.1385.
5. Raju.L.P, Historical Evolution of Prison
System in India, Indian Journal of Applied
Research, Volume : 4 | Issue : 5 | May 2014