The thoughts or mental images which teachers have about their professional activities and their students, which are shaped by their background knowledge and life experiences and influence their professional behavior.
This paper evaluates the linguistic and pedagogical skills of English language teachers in a multilingual milieu. The survey research method was adopted in this study. The target population for this study comprised teachers and students in public secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti. A total of one hundred teachers and one hundred students were drawn from three separate schools. A self-constructed questionnaire was carefully and specially designed to obtain the necessary data required for the execution of this study. Percentage and frequency counts were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that language teachers evaluate pedagogical contents regularly. It showed that the aspects teachers evaluated most were the cognitive skills of grammar, followed by essay writing but it is surprising that teachers do not frequently evaluate affective skills of oral English, comprehension and dictation. Moreover, of all the linguistic skills, listening, speaking and observation were less frequently evaluated while reading and writing were averagely evaluated. Finally, findings revealed some constraints to the effective pedagogical evaluation to include large classes, non-challant attitude of students, inadequate facilities, wide syllabus, lack of motivation, incompetence and inadequate time. Based on the findings, it was recommended that regular exposure to educational opportunities where teachers could be made to learn innovative evaluative techniques should be made available in schools.
This paper evaluates the linguistic and pedagogical skills of English language teachers in a multilingual milieu. The survey research method was adopted in this study. The target population for this study comprised teachers and students in public secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti. A total of one hundred teachers and one hundred students were drawn from three separate schools. A self-constructed questionnaire was carefully and specially designed to obtain the necessary data required for the execution of this study. Percentage and frequency counts were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that language teachers evaluate pedagogical contents regularly. It showed that the aspects teachers evaluated most were the cognitive skills of grammar, followed by essay writing but it is surprising that teachers do not frequently evaluate affective skills of oral English, comprehension and dictation. Moreover, of all the linguistic skills, listening, speaking and observation were less frequently evaluated while reading and writing were averagely evaluated. Finally, findings revealed some constraints to the effective pedagogical evaluation to include large classes, non-challant attitude of students, inadequate facilities, wide syllabus, lack of motivation, incompetence and inadequate time. Based on the findings, it was recommended that regular exposure to educational opportunities where teachers could be made to learn innovative evaluative techniques should be made available in schools.
Practice and challemges of sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of
instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling
techniques method.
To achieve the purpose of the study. The main target group is Deaf student and their teacher
15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. the
participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and and the student were
selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding
and experience .
This study investigates teaching/learning vocabulary. Mainly, studying the techniques used by EFL teachers in teaching vocabulary and also learners’ strategies to learn vocabulary. The particular research parameter that will be used in this study is the questionnaire for gathering data; the researchers are going to describe the phenomena under investigation. Students’ questionnaire was supposed to examine the strategies that are adopted by learners for learning vocabulary in English. In addition to that there was teachers’ questionnaire that is supposed to examine the techniques, which are used by teachers in teaching new vocabulary. The study reveals how secondary school learners use a variety of vocabulary learning strategies. Students as teachers preferred many of these strategies and techniques that help a lot in pushing the process of learning and teaching vocabulary forward. Overall students and teachers know high frequency vocabulary and how to use it.
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The objectives of this research were to find out: 1) whether or not Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang and 2) whether or not the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. This research applied quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was three classes of Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang academic year 2014/2015 with the total population were 69 students. The sample of this research were VIII.1 (23 students) as the experimental group and VIII.3 (23 students) as the control group. This sample was taken by cluster sampling technique. The researcher applied Think-Pair-Share technique in the experimental group and conventional way in control group. This research applied two kinds of instruments were speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to obtain data of the students’ speaking ability and questionnaire was used to know the students’ interest in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between achievement of the students who applied Think-Pair-Share technique and who did not applied Think-Pair-Share technique in speaking. It was proved by t-test of post-test (2.206) was higher than t-table (2.021), for α = 0.05 and df = (44) and by the mean score of post-test in experimental group (68.57) was better than mean score of post-test in control group (56.35). And the researcher also found that the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang were interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. It was proved by there were 22 students (95.7%) were interested in speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique and the mean score of questionnaire was 83.22 and it included in interested category. Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that: 1) Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and 2) Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
Interpersonal skills are often referred to as people skills, social skills, or social intelligence. They involve reading the signals that others send and interpreting them accurately in order to form effective responses. Individuals show their interpersonal skills all the time simply by interacting with others.
How to Use Interpersonal Skills to Get and Keep a Job
interval ppt
Search instead for statistics in psychology m.a psychology nominal ordinal intervel ppt
1 introduction to psychological statistics
SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net › maryanneportuguez › 1-i...
26-Nov-2016 — Measurements on an ordinal scale rank observations in terms of size or magnitude. • Both an interval scale and a ratio scale consist of a series ...
You visited this page on 22/6/23.
Levels of Measurement
https://www.slideshare.net › SarfrazAhmad2 › levels-of-...
03-Dec-2017 — Levels of Measurement Ordinal scale The ordinal type allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) by which data can be sorted, but still does not ...
PSYCHOLOGY AND STATISTICS - ppt download
Practice and challemges of sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of
instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling
techniques method.
To achieve the purpose of the study. The main target group is Deaf student and their teacher
15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. the
participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and and the student were
selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding
and experience .
This study investigates teaching/learning vocabulary. Mainly, studying the techniques used by EFL teachers in teaching vocabulary and also learners’ strategies to learn vocabulary. The particular research parameter that will be used in this study is the questionnaire for gathering data; the researchers are going to describe the phenomena under investigation. Students’ questionnaire was supposed to examine the strategies that are adopted by learners for learning vocabulary in English. In addition to that there was teachers’ questionnaire that is supposed to examine the techniques, which are used by teachers in teaching new vocabulary. The study reveals how secondary school learners use a variety of vocabulary learning strategies. Students as teachers preferred many of these strategies and techniques that help a lot in pushing the process of learning and teaching vocabulary forward. Overall students and teachers know high frequency vocabulary and how to use it.
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The objectives of this research were to find out: 1) whether or not Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang and 2) whether or not the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. This research applied quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was three classes of Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang academic year 2014/2015 with the total population were 69 students. The sample of this research were VIII.1 (23 students) as the experimental group and VIII.3 (23 students) as the control group. This sample was taken by cluster sampling technique. The researcher applied Think-Pair-Share technique in the experimental group and conventional way in control group. This research applied two kinds of instruments were speaking test and questionnaire. Speaking test was used to obtain data of the students’ speaking ability and questionnaire was used to know the students’ interest in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between achievement of the students who applied Think-Pair-Share technique and who did not applied Think-Pair-Share technique in speaking. It was proved by t-test of post-test (2.206) was higher than t-table (2.021), for α = 0.05 and df = (44) and by the mean score of post-test in experimental group (68.57) was better than mean score of post-test in control group (56.35). And the researcher also found that the Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang were interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique. It was proved by there were 22 students (95.7%) were interested in speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique and the mean score of questionnaire was 83.22 and it included in interested category. Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that: 1) Think-Pair-Share Technique is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and 2) Eighth grade students of SMPN 4 Panca Rijang are interested in learning speaking English through Think-Pair-Share technique.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
Interpersonal skills are often referred to as people skills, social skills, or social intelligence. They involve reading the signals that others send and interpreting them accurately in order to form effective responses. Individuals show their interpersonal skills all the time simply by interacting with others.
How to Use Interpersonal Skills to Get and Keep a Job
interval ppt
Search instead for statistics in psychology m.a psychology nominal ordinal intervel ppt
1 introduction to psychological statistics
SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net › maryanneportuguez › 1-i...
26-Nov-2016 — Measurements on an ordinal scale rank observations in terms of size or magnitude. • Both an interval scale and a ratio scale consist of a series ...
You visited this page on 22/6/23.
Levels of Measurement
https://www.slideshare.net › SarfrazAhmad2 › levels-of-...
03-Dec-2017 — Levels of Measurement Ordinal scale The ordinal type allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) by which data can be sorted, but still does not ...
PSYCHOLOGY AND STATISTICS - ppt download
Qualitative and Quantitative Distinctions in Personality ...
National Institutes of Health (.gov)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC3400113
by AGC Wright · 2011 · Cited by 82 — Qualitative differences are those that are characterized by differences in processes, mechanisms, and structures, whereas quantitative distinctions are ...
Quandary · Proposals for Future Research... · Quantitative and Qualitative...
Difference Between Qualitative and Qualitative Research
Verywell Mind
https://www.verywellmind.com › Psychology › Basics
30-Apr-2022 — Qualitative and quantitative methods both play an important role in psychology. Where quantitative methods can help answer questions about what ...
Personality Theories: An Introduction
Shippensburg University
https://webspace.ship.edu › cgboer › personalityintrod...
There are two broad classes of research methods: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods involve measurements and qualitative methods don't.
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Generalization ...
Frontiers
https://www.frontiersin.org › fpsyg.2021.605191 › full
by M Borgstede · 2021 · Cited by 62 — In this paper, we provide a re-interpretation of qualitative and quantitative modeling from a representationalist perspective.
Images for personality research qualitativ
WHAT ARE EXPERIMENTS?
The experiment is the most powerful method in the psychologist's toolkit because it is the only scientific technique for revealing causal relationships - the causes of human behaviour.
Right: stop there. It's a causal relationship, as in cause-and-effect.
It's not a casual relationship; a casual relationship is when he never calls you back.
These are the characteristics of experiments:
Manipulate the IV*, while
controlling the extraneous variables in a
controlled environment**, in order to
measure the DV, which will
prove or disprove the null hypothesis†
Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry.
Warli painting - Wikipedia
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Warli_painting
warli art from en.wikipedia.org
Warli painting is of tribal art mostly created by the tribal people from the North Sahyadri Range in Maharashtra, India. This range encompasses cities such ...
Tradition · Painting technique · Materials used · In contemporary culture
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We will be trying to understand the T-Test in R Programming with the help of an example. Suppose a businessman with two sweet shops in a town wants to check if the average number of sweets sold in a day in both stores is the same or not.
So, the businessman takes the average number of sweets sold to 15 random people in the respective shops. He found out that the first shop sold 30 sweets on average whereas the second shop sold 40. So, from the owner’s point of view, the second shop was doing better business than the former. But the thing to notic
pression
noun
1.
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, especially one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.
"his first impressions of Manchester were very positive"
Similar:
feeling
sense
fancy
suspicion
sneaking suspicion
inkling
intuition
hunch
apprehension
notion
idea
thought
belief
opinion
conviction
funny feeling
gut feeling
feeling in one's bones
sixth sense
view
conception
image
picture
perception
judgement
verdict
estimation
2.
an imitation of a person or thing, done to entertain.
"he did an impression of Shirley Bassey"
తెలుగులో
In English
Normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian distribution, is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. In graphical form, the normal distribution appears as a "bell curve".
entire population into different homogeneous subgroups or strata, & ...
SAMPLING METHODS
University of Pittsburgh
https://sites.pitt.edu › ~super7
PPT
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame; Determining the sample size; Implementing the sampling plan; Sampling and data ...
People also ask
What are the methods of sampling?
What is sampling method Slideshare?
social Psychology Applied
Social psychologists study how social influence, social perception and social interaction influence individual and group behavior. Some social psychologists focus on conducting research on human behavior.
REINVENTING THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM TO FIT WITH GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS 11...vishnupavan8
However, in the previous two years, it has grown in popularity and accessibility. Technology has pervaded the education industry, bringing with it a slew of perks such as online classrooms, personalised learning applications, gamification, and the use of multimedia resources to study.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation are ushering in a wave of disruptive breakthroughs in school-based learning, with the twin goals of scaling up quality education and augmenting each learner's learning through a customised approach.
Online teaching is the process of educating others via the internet. Various methods can be used, such as one-on-one video calls, group video calls, and webinars. You can start teaching from any location (home, coffee shop, co-working space) and enroll students from various backgrounds and geographical are
Brain based learning
SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net › annetitong › brain-based-l...
Brain-Based learning is a comprehensive approach to instruction based on how current research in neuroscience suggests our brain learns naturally. o This th
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. WELCOME TO Ph.D., VIVA-VOCE COMMITTEE MEMBERS
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY
21st JUNE, 2023.
DEAN, FACULTY OF EDUCATION
CHAIRPERSON, BOARD OF STUDIES
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
RESEARCH SUPERVISOR
EXTERNAL EXPERT MEMBER
- Dr. M. ESTHER. SUNNELA
- Dr. J. R. PRIYADARSINI
- Dr. P. BRAHMAJI RAO
- Prof. T. SWARUPA RANI
- Prof. P. ADAM PAUL
2. “PERCEPTION OF PRINCIPALS, TEACHERS,
STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE LABORATORY IN
ENHANCEMENT OF LANGUAGE SKILLS”
RESEARCH SCHOLAR RESEARCH SUPERVISOR
P. JOY SOLOMAN RAJU PROF. T. SWARUPA RANI
3.
4. What is the importance of English for academic and professional purposes?
• English for Academic purposes is more than just a manner of speaking
and writing.
• It is a skill which helps develop our critical thinking faculties, and
guides us on how to judge, criticise, evaluate, and collaborate
information.
• English for Academic Purposes teaches us how to acknowledge the
ideas and works of others.
Source : https://www.eci.ie/eap-what-is-english-for-academic
purposes/#:~:text=English%20for%20Academic%20Purposes%20(EAP,ideas%20and%20works%20of%20o
thers.
5. What is vocational education in English
language?
• It offers a path to impart the skills and knowledge needed to work in a
given occupation.
• What is the impact of vocational education in India?
• It not only works in learning new skills but also prepares the youth to
secure employment.
Source: https://blog.teachmint.com/importance-of-vocational-education-in-a-students-
life/#:~:text=It%20not%20only%20works%20in,in%20their%20field%20of%20interest
6. Significance of the study
More than 70 % Government school students face
problem with English language: Survey conducted by
Ambedkar University Delhi (AUD)
• A total of 76 percent students from government schools
face problems related to basic English language skills i.e.
lack of vocabulary, grammatical problems, and problems in
sentence formation and so on.
Source: https://results.amarujala.com/career-diary/more-than-70-government-school-students-face-problem-
with-english-language-survey
PERCEPTION OF PRINCIPALS, TEACHERS, STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE LABORATORY IN ENHANCEMENT OF LANGUAGE SKILLS
7. Operational Definitions of Key Terms
Head of the institution - Heads of the institution are the leader of the institution and managing
and supervising the school or institute.
School teacher - a person who helps and supervises the students and does their teaching job
also.
School students - school students are those who enrolled in school for the purpose of learning
and getting knowledge.
Language skills - language skills are those skills which includes listening, speaking, reading
and writing competencies. With these skills they communicate with people effectively. Govt.
Higher secondary school - those government institutions which provides education upto class
12th .
9. 1. To find out the perceptions of Heads of the institutions, Teachers and Students towards availability and
utilization of Language Laboratories in Govt. Higher Secondary Schools in costal districts of Andhra
Pradesh in enhancement of Language skills.
2. To assess the perceptions of Heads of the institutions towards language laboratory with reference to the
following aspects Lab related, Teacher related, Student related, Skill related
3. To find out and compare the perceptions of Heads of the institutions with respect to the following variables-
Gender, Age, Teaching Experience, Locality of the school, Type of the management, Medium of instruction.
4. To find out the perceptions of the Language Teachers towards language laboratory in enhancement of
Language skills.
5. To assess the perceptions of Language Teachers towards language laboratory with reference to the following
aspects Lab related, Teacher related, Student related, Skill related
6. To find out and compare the perceptions of Teachers with respect to the following variables-Gender, Age,
Teaching Experience, Locality of the school, Type of the management, Medium of instruction.
10. 7. To find out the perceptions of the Secondary school students towards language laboratory in
enhancement of Language skills
8. To find out the perception of the Secondary school students in utilizing the language laboratories in
enhancing the language skills with respect to Lab related, Teacher related, Student related, Skill
related
9. To find out and compare the perceptions of Students with respect to the following variables- Gender,
Locality, Type of school, Medium of instruction, Parental education. Parental Income
10.To find out association between the perceptions of the following independent variables Heads and
Teachers, Teachers and Students, Students and heads
11.To suggest the enhancement of language Skills of the secondary school students with respect to the
following areas Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing.
12.To offer suggestions for the effective utilization of the language laboratory based on the responses of
the heads of institutions, teachers, and students.
11. HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
Ho1: There would be no significant difference in perceptions of Heads of the institutions with respect to
gender, age, teaching experience, locality of the school, management of the school, medium of instruction
towards ELL.
Ho2: There would be no significant difference in perceptions of Teachers with respect to gender, age, teaching
experience, locality of the school, type of school, medium of instruction towards ELL.
Ho3: There would be no significant difference in perceptions of students with respect to gender, locality, to
type of school, medium of instruction, parental education, parental Income towards ELL.
Ho4: There would be no significant association between Heads and teachers in utilizing the language
laboratory for enhancing the language skills
Ho5:There would be no significant association between teachers and students in utilizing the language
laboratory for enhancing the language skills
Ho6:There would be no significant association between Students and Heads in utilizing the language laboratory
for enhancing the language skills
12. Head & Teacher Related Variables
1. Gender: - Male / Female
2. Age: - Below 45 years/above 45 years
3. Type of school: Government /Private
4. Medium of the School: English / Telugu
5. Teacher Qualifications – PG + B. Ed / Degree+ B. ED
6. Teachers Experience - 1-10 years, 11-20 years, 21-30 years,
7. Place of the School – Rural / Urban
Student Related Variables
1. Gender : Male /Female
2. Locality: Rural /Urban
3. Type of school : Government /Private
4. Medium of the Study: English /Telugu
5. Parental Education :Below Degree/ Above Degree
6. Parental Income : Below 2 lacs /Above 2 lacs
VARIABLES OF THE STUDY
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Perceptions of Heads, Teachers
and Students of Higher secondary
schools towards English language
laboratory in enhancement of
language skills.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
13. METHODOLOGY
• Present study adopted is the survey method, involving gathering of responses across the
selected population with the help of questionnaire and personal interviews; the data were
collected from heads of institutions, English teachers and a cross-section of students of
Government Higher Secondary Schools in selected costal districts in Andhra Pradesh. All
500 Government Higher Secondary Schools in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh where
Language Laboratory facilities with varying degrees of sophistication were available
constituted the population of the study. 500 Heads, 1000 English Teachers, 10,000 Higher
Secondary students were the target groups from whom data was collected and three self-
made standardized tools were used to measure the perceptions of heads, teachers and
students.
14. SAMPLE AND SAMPLING
S. No Target Group Sample
1. No of Schools 100
2. No of Heads of institution 100
3. No of Teachers 200
4. No of Students 1000
• The districts selected for the study were: Srikakulam, Vizayanagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari,
Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam and Nellore. In these selected districts, only a few schools were found to be equipped with
language laboratories facilities and hence only such schools were selected for the distribution of questionnaire and for
personal interviews.
• From each coastal district 13 higher secondary schools which possessed Language laboratory were selected for the study.
The heads of those institutions were taken for the study. Also, from each of these schools two English teachers, teaching for
higher secondary students were considered for English Teacher sample. And from each school 5 girls and 5 boys of class
12 were selected randomly. The following table gives the details of the sample.
15. S.no District No of
Schools
No of
Heads
No of
Teachers
No of
Students
1. Srikakulam 13 13 26 130
2. Vizayanagaram 13 13 26 130
3. visakhapatnam 13 13 26 130
4. East Godavari 13 13 26 130
5. West Godavari 13 13 26 130
6. Krishna 13 1 3 26 130
7 Guntur 13 13 26 130
8. Prakasam 13 13 26 130
9. Nellore 13 13 26 130
DISTRICT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
16. TOOLS USED FOR THE STUDY
The three tools were prepared and standardized by the
investigator.
Tool 1 - Scale on Perception of Principals towards English Language
Laboratory (SPPELL)
Tool 2 - Scale on Perception of Teachers towards English Language
Laboratory (SPTELL)
Tool 3 - Scale on Perception of Students towards English Language
Laboratory (SPSELL)
17. Validity and Reliability of Tool 1
• The validity of the tool it is based on the Content and Construct validity as per suggestions given by
eminent scholars of the disciplines. The reliability of a test can be established by different methods.
For the purpose of the present study the split- half method was adopted.
• The split-half reliability co-efficient for the Implication of PERCEPTION TOWARDS ENGLISH
LANGUAGE LABORATORY as perceived by Principals was 0.78
(SPPELL)
18. Validity and reliability of tool 2
Content, Face and Construct validity were established. For the purpose of the present study
the split- half method was adopted.
The split-half reliability co-efficient for the Implication of PERCEPTION TOWARDS
ENGLISH LANGUAGE LABORATORY as perceived by teachers was 0.81 and for the
validity of the tool it is based on the content and construct validity.
(SPTELL)
19. Validity and reliability of tool 3
The reliability of a test can be established by different methods. For the purpose of the
present study the split- half method was adopted. The split-half reliability co-efficient
to implement PERCEPTION TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE LABORATORY
as perceived by students was 0.84 and for the validity of the tool it is based on the
Content and Construct validity.
(SPSELL)
20. THE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED
The data collected in the study was analyzed and interpreted by the descriptive
and inferential statistical procedures.
1. Descriptive statistics:
a) Percentages,
b) Mean,
c) Standard deviation.
2. Inferential statistics:
a) Chi-square test,
b) t-test.
22. The average value of perception level was found out of 100 Heads of Institutions 12% of all Heads were
found to possess Very high level of Perception Levels, 21% High level of Perception Levels, 38% moderate
level of Perception Levels, 19% low level of Perception Levels and the 10% were found to have very low
Perception Levels.
The Heads of the institutions Heads 71%, have moderate to very high level of Perception Levels.
PERCEPTION OF HEADS TOWARDS ELL
INDEPENDET VARIABLES
RELATED TO HEADS
FINDING
Gender, Age, Medium of the
Instruction, Locality of School
SIGNIFICANT
Type of school,
Teacher Qualifications,
Teachers Experience
NOT SIGNIFICANT
23. School teachers 20.5% of total school teachers were found to possess Very high level of Perception Levels,
23% High level of Perception Levels, 30.5% moderate level of Perception Levels, 16.5% low level of
Perception Levels and 9.5% were found to have very low Perception Levels.
PERCEPTION OF TEACHER TOWARDS ELL
INDEPENDET VARIABLES RELATED TO
TEACHERS
FINDING
Gender, Age, Medium of the Instruction,
Teacher Qualifications, Teachers
Experience, Teachers Experience
SIGNIFICANT
Type of school NOT SIGNIFICANT
24. PERCEPTION OF STUDENT TOWARDS ELL
Total school students i.e., 12.7% of were found to possess Very high level of Perception Levels, 18.4% High level
of Perception Levels, 38.5% moderate level of Perception Levels, and 22.8% low level of Perception Levels and
the rest 7.6% were found to have very low Perception Levels.
The study found that most of the students i.e. 696 out of 1000 school students i.e. approximately 70%, have
moderate to very high level of Perception Levels.
VARIABLE FINDING
Locality, Type of school,
Medium of the Study,
Parental Education,
Parental Income
SIGNIFICANT
Gender, Type of Family NOT SIGNIFICANT
25. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
In order to boost up confidence among teachers and students alike, language labs should receive the same
attention as science labs.
It's important to make sure that teachers combine the language lab equipment with other tools like
whiteboards, overhead projectors, television, and audio equipment. This will offer a range of experiences
suitable for the needs of the learners. Practice in actual interactions should serve to reinforce any language
lessons learned in language labs.
This will give teachers the chance to assess how well language laboratories are working with kids with
various levels and communication requirements.
This merit is considered because the vast majority of Heads, Teachers, and Students advocate for
incorporating language laboratory activities into earlier classrooms. Strengthening English language abilities
is essential at a time when the English language has taken on an unique relevance as a result of the ICT
revolution and globalization.
26. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES
1. Since the study was conducted in a traditional language laboratory, a new inquiry on CALL utilization issues may be
conducted.
2. To provide a complete view of the state of utilization, the study might be expanded to include all of the Districts in
Andhra Pradesh rather than just a few selected coastal Districts.
3. Differences between districts in the use of language laboratories may be found to guide future actions.
4. To evaluate language laboratories' overall components, evaluative research studies may be conducted. This would
highlight the gaps and barriers in the use of language learning technology.
5. Comparative studies may be conducted to evaluate the relative efficiency of language laboratories in fostering areas of
English language learning such as speaking, listening, and reading.
27. CONCLUSION
• Language labs are very helpful for teachers, students, and administrators. Regarding the administration of
the schools, there are no differences between the perception levels of the institution's heads. Telugu-
medium schools in urban areas do better than English-medium schools in rural areas. Regarding their
credentials and experiences, it cannot be discriminated.
• Teachers benefit from English laboratories. An English lab allows the transference of language skills that
could otherwise be lost in a conventional lesson owing to time constraints by creating a participatory
environment. Less than 45 years old is preferred over more than 45 years old when it comes to teachers'
perception levels. Telugu-speaking teachers in urban settings do better than English-speaking teachers in
rural settings. Compared to highly qualified teachers, P.G. with a B.Ed. teachers have higher perception
levels. Teachers with less than 15 years of experience are superior to those with more than 15 years of
experience, and management cannot be differentiated.
