vitamins

1. Dr Gihan Gawish
1

2. Vitamins classified based on solubility into:
• water-soluble: B vitamin complex and vitamin C
• fat-soluble: vitamins A, D, E, and K
Dr Gihan Gawish 2
Fat-Soluble
Vitamins
Water-Soluble
Vitamins
Hydrophobic or
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
Absorbed into the Lymph Blood
Stored in the body Yes Not Generally
Can build up and
become toxic
Yes Not Generally
Need to consume
daily
No Yes

3. •
Compare between fat and water soluble
vitamin according to water solubility ,
absorption, stored in the body and
toxicity
-
fat soluble vitamins hydrophobic, lymph,
stored, toxic
Water soluble vitamins hydrophilic , blood,
not stored, not toxic
Dr Gihan Gawish 3

4. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin B1
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin B2
• (d) Vitamin A
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin
?
(
a
)
Vitamin B1
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin B2
•
(
d
)
All of the above
Dr Gihan Gawish 4

5. Vitamin B3 – (niacin).
Dr Gihan Gawish 5
Deficiency disorders: Deficiency of niacin in
diet result a disease called Pellagra. The
symptoms of pellagra ( the four D) are
diarrhea, dementia (loss of memory),
patches on the body when exposed to
sunlight (dermatitis) and may be death .

6. Enumerate the four D of pellagra
diarrhea
dementia
dermatitis
death
.
Dr Gihan Gawish 6

7. Dr Gihan Gawish 7
The pellagra can be prevented by taking a vitamin ------------------every day
(A) Riboflavin (B) Pantothenic acid
(C) Niacin (D) Pyridoxine
------------------- characterized by diarrhea and dermatitis
A- Rickets B- precious anemia C- Pellagra D- Scurvy
Vitamin B3 deficiency leads to ---------------------
A- Rickets B- precious anemia C- Pellagra D- Scurvy

8. •Important for rapidly dividing cells (very
important in early pregnancy).
Deficiency in pregnancy causes neural tube
defects.
Folic acid is now added to many grain products
in the US.
Vitamin B9 – (Folic acid).
Dr Gihan Gawish
8
Vitamin B12 – (cobalamin).
B12 is used in regenerating folate
Deficiency of this vitamin causes
pernicious anemia

9. Dr Gihan Gawish 9
Which of the following is the most essential nutrients for a woman during early
pregnancy to prevent birth defects?
(a) Thiamin
(b) Folic acid
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Iron
Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for a woman during her initial
stages of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defect
?
(
a
)
Thiamin
(
b
)
Folic acid
(
c
)
Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin E
Vitamin B9 deficiency leads to --------------------
A- Rickets B- neural tube defect C- Pellagra D- Scurvy
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to --------------------
A- Rickets B- precious anemia C- Pellagra D- Scurvy

10. •Functions
•It is required for the formation of collagen which is required for the
formation of blood vessels, connective tissue, cartilage and dentine of
teeth.
•Vitamin C also helps in the absorption and storage of iron.
•Deficiency of vitamin C- SCURVY:
Scurvy is the nutritional disorder caused due to the deficiency of
Vitamin ‘C’.
The symptoms of this disease are swelling and bleeding from gums.
Vitamin C
Dr Gihan Gawish 10

11. Explain: deficiency of vitamin C cause
Scurvy
-Defect of collagen formation
-Defect in absorption and storage of iron
Dr Gihan Gawish 11

12. Dr Gihan Gawish 12
Which of the following vitamin helps in iron absorption
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(
d
)
Vitamin K
Which of the following vitamin helps in collagen formation
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(
d
)
Vitamin K
Vitamin C deficiency leads to --------------------
A- Rickets B- precious anemia
C- Pellagra D- Scurvy

13. Vitamin A
Importance
• Vision.
Deficiency leads to
1) Night blindness
2) Dry eyes
3) Dry Skin
Dr Gihan Gawish 13

14. Dr Gihan Gawish 14
Which of the following vitamin has a role in vision control
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(
d
)
Vitamin K
One of the following vitamin deficiency lead to night blindness
?
a) Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(
d
)
Vitamin K
Deficiency of Vitamin A causes
(A) Dry eye (B) Hypoprothrombinemia
(
C
)
Megaloblastic anemia (D) Pernicious anemia

15. Vitamin D
15
Function - It helps in the absorption of Ca &
P by the intestine.
sun light has the capacity to convert
cholesterol in our body into Vitamin ‘D’.
Deficiency leads to Rickets.
Overdose leads to formation of kidney stone

16. Dr Gihan Gawish 16
Which of the following vitamins can formed in the body by the help of sunlight
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
Overdose of which vitamin most likely to be toxic and cause kidney stone
(A) Vitamin B3 (B) Vitamin B9
(C) Vitamin B12 (D) Vitamin D
Which of the following vitamins help in absorption of calcium
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
One of the following vitamin deficiency leads to Rickets ?
a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K

17. It is essential antioxidant.
Vitamin E -
Dr Gihan Gawish
17
Functions Vitamin K is important blood
clotting.
deficiency is rare. deficiency results in long
time of bleeding
Vitamin K

18. Dr Gihan Gawish 18
Which of the following vitamin helps in blood clotting
?
(
a
)
Vitamin A
(
b
)
Vitamin C
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
Which of the following vitamin act as antioxidant
?
(
a
)
Vitamin B1
(
b
)
Vitamin E
(
c
)
Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K